scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Kejadian COVID-19 Pada Pasien Di RSUD Sayang Rakyat Kota Makassar

2022 ◽  
pp. 1487-1497
Author(s):  
Wa Ode Nurfalah ◽  
Nur Ulmy Mahmud ◽  
Sumiaty ◽  
Mansur Sididi ◽  
Nurul Hikmah

COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang baru ditemukan pada Desember 2019 di Wuhan yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. Mulai januari 2020, virus ini menyebar ke luar Tiongkok, pertama di Thailand, Korea Selatan, dan Jepang. Sehingga pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi. COVID-19 pertama dilaporkan di Indonesia pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020 sejumlah 2 kasus. Virus ini dapat menyerang siapa saja, baik balita, anak-anak, orang dewasa, orang tua, ibu hamil maupun ibu yang sedang menyusui. Namun, beberapa orang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk terinfeksi COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian COVID-19 pada pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Sayang Rakyat Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan Case Control study. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa umur merupakan faktor risiko yang tidak bermakna terhadap kejadian COVID-19 dengan nilai OR=6,556 95% CI 0,764-56,219. Kebiasaan merokok merupakan faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap kejadian COVID-19 dengan nilai OR=1,447 95% CI 1,447-15,046. Kontak erat merupakan faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap kejadian COVID-19 dengan nilai OR=188,500 95% CI 38,284-928,114. Komorbid merupakan faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap kejadian COVID-19 dengan nilai OR=3,406 95% CI 1,486-7,809.  Sebagai saran dalam penelitian ini masyarakat diharapkan untuk mengkonsumsi makanan yang dapat meningkatkan imun tubuh, mengurangi atau bahkan berhenti merokok, selalu mematuhi protokol kesehaatan serta bagi masyarakat yang memiliki komorbid diharapkan dapat mengendalikan komorbidnya.

Author(s):  
Martina Astari Martina Astari

ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2010) approximately 99% of cases of maternal deaths occur during labor and postpartum. One of the causes of maternal death due to preeclampsia. Country - developing countries maternal mortality rate of 450 / 100,000 live births, this is a very high number. In the hospital Palembang obtained Muhammaddiyah severe preeclampsia incidence by 2013 as many as 85 cases. Many things that cause severe preeclampsia include maternal age, parity, educational level, employment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of maternal age, parity, educational level, work simultaneously with perinatal death. This type of research is a case control study conducted retrospectively. The population in this study were all women giving birth in hospital Muhammadiyah Palembang in the year 2013 that berjumlah2565. The study sample totaled 225 respondents. In this study conducted univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes. From the analysis we found no association with maternal age incidence of severe preeclampsia (P Value 0.043 OR 1.799), no parity relationship with the incidence of severe preeclampsia (P Value 0.010 OR 0.617), no correlation with the incidence rate of severe preeclampsia education (P Value 0.027 OR 1.394) , there is a relationship how to work with the incidence of severe preeclampsia (P Value 0.024 OR 0.576), the most dominant variable is the age of the mother. It is suggested to the leadership of Muhammadiyah hospital Palembang is hoped to be able to further improve health care programs for women giving birth so as to prevent the occurrence of complications during labor and to increase outreach programs about the importance of prenatal care and provide knowledge about the complications - complications during childbirth to facilitate the birth process. References       : 16 (2002-2013)     ABSTRAK Menurut World Health Organization (WHO 2010) sekitar 99 % kasus kematian ibu terjadi pada masa persalinan dan pasca persalinan. Salah satu penyebab kematian ibu karena preeklamsia. Dinegara – negara berkembang angka kematian ibu sebesar 450/100.000 kelahiran hidup, ini merupakan angka yang sangat tinggi. Di Rumah Sakit Muhammaddiyah Palembang didapatkan kejadian preeklamsia berat pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 85 kasus. Banyak hal yang menyebabkan preeklamsia berat diantaranya umur ibu, paritas, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan umur ibu, paritas, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan secara simultan dengan kematian perinatal. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian case control study yang dilakukan secara retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu bersalin di rumah sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang pada Tahun 2013 yang berjumlah2565. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 225 responden. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan ada hubungan umur ibu dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,043 OR 1,799), ada hubungan paritas dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,010 OR 0,617), ada hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,027 OR 1,394), ada hubungan cara pekerjaan dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat (P Value 0,024 OR 0,576), Variabel paling dominan adalah umur ibu. Disarankan kepada pimpinan rumah sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang Diharapkan untuk dapat lebih meningkatkan program pelayanan kesehatan kepada ibu bersalin sehingga  mencegah terjadinya komplikasi selama persalinan serta meningkatkan program penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan kehamilan  dan memberikan pengetahuan mengenai komplikasi – komplikasi selama masa persalinan untuk memperlancar proses persalinan.


Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Kuntalkumar H Patel ◽  
Shreyashkumar Gandhi ◽  
Dhruti Vaidya

Introduction: Globally 17.9 million people die each year from CVDs (Cardio Vascular Diseases) and 85% of all CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke every year and after ischemic heart disease, stroke is the second most leading cause of death. Objective: To study alcohol consumption as a risk factor in patients with acute strokes. Method: Case control study was conducted among 148 newly diagnosed cases of CT scan / MRI-confirmed stroke and 148 non-stroke controls attending the tertiary hospital of central Gujarat. Sample size calculation was done, assuming the power ratio of the number of controls same as numbers of cases i.e.,1:1, specifying values for two-sided confidence level=95% (error=5%), power of study=80%, odd ratio=2.15, percent of cases with exposure=82% and percent of controls with exposure=68%. Patients who are willing to participate in the study were included. The data were analyzed using the EPI INFO TM 7.0.8.0 software. Results: Out of the total 148 cases, 100 (67.56 per cent) were male and 48 (32.43 per cent) were female. The odds of getting stroke among alcoholic was two times more as compared to non-alcoholic patients. Heavy alcohol drinkers have a significant association. Conclusion: According to the study results male married patients who drank heavily had a higher risk of stroke than light/moderate alcoholics.


Author(s):  
Annibal Sabino ◽  
Eduardo de Souza ◽  
Ana Goulart ◽  
Adriana Lima ◽  
Nelson Sass

Objective To evaluate whether the presence of maternal blood pressure reduces the risks of morbidity, perinatal mortality and morbidity at 24 months of age in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) compared with a control group. Methods A retrospective, observational, case-control study. Total 49 VLBWIs were allocated to the study group, called the maternal arterial hypertension group (AHG), and matched with 44 in the control group (CG). The infants were assessed during hospitalization and at 12 and 24 months corrected age at a specialized clinic. For the assessment of growth, the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software (Geneva, 2006) was used, and for the psychomotor assessment, the Denver II test was used. Results In relation to the antenatal variables, the infants of the AHG had more centralized circulation assessed by Doppler, received more corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate, and were born by cesarean section more frequently. In terms of the postnatal and in-hospital outcomes, the AHG had a higher gestational age at birth (30.7 versus 29.6 weeks) and a lower frequency of 5-minute Apgar scores of less than 7 (26.5% versus 52.3%). The CG had a higher rate of pulmonary dysplasia (30.2% versus 8.3%). There were no differences in terms of hospital mortality, complications, somatic growth and functional problems at 24 months of corrected age. Conclusion The presence of maternal hypertension, especially preeclampsia, was not a protective factor against morbidity, mortality and evolution in VLBWIs aged up to 24 months. Therefore, the clinical practice should be focused on prolonging the pregnancy for as long as possible in these conditions as well.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mory Kartika ◽  
Subakir Subakir ◽  
Eko Mirsiyanto

World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2015 menunjukkan sekitar 1,13 miliar orang di dunia menyandang hipertensi. Jumlah penderita hipertensi yang terhitung pada bulan Februari – Maret sebanyak 122 orang, bulan Juni sebanyak 72 orang dan bulan Juli sebanyak 22 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rawang Kota Sungai Penuh Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Penelitian ini bertempat di pemukiman wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rawang Kota Sungai Penuh yang dilakukan pada bulan September 2020.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini kelompok kasus adalah seluruh pasien yang menderita hipertensi pada bulan Juni-Juli 2020 yang berjumlah 72 orang. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini secara univariat dan bivariat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan kegemukan dan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rawang Kota Sungai Penuh Tahun 2020 dimana nilai p < 0,05. Tidak ada hubungan stres dengan kejadian hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rawang Kota Sungai Penuh Tahun 2020. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan kepada tenaga medis khususnya dalam melakukan identifikasi dan intervensi hipertensi dan faktor risikonya sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesehatan penderita hipertensi. Kata Kunci: kegemukan, merokok, stres, hipertensi


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Winda Agustina ◽  
Yuka Oktafirnanda ◽  
Wardiah Wardiah

World Health Organization (WHO) menetapkan hipertensi sebagai faktor resiko nomor tiga etiologi kematian didunia. Menurut data SDKI tahun 2012, hipertensi termasuk kedalam 10 penyakit terbesar di Rumah Sakit Rawat Inap. Menurut data Dinas Kesehatan Langsa Tahun 2015 yang mengalami hipertensi sebanyak 8.036 jiwa (42,60%). Dan pengidap hipertensi tertinggi ada pada Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Langsa Lama yakni sebanyak 3.439 jiwa (78,12%). Metode  Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian survei analitik dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Case Control. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 74 responden. Sampelnya sebanyak 50 responden yang terdiri dari 25 responden kasus dan 25 responden kontrol. Hasil penelitian yang didapat berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Binary Logistic adalah kegemukan dan keturunan merupakan faktor resiko yang berpengaruh dengan kejadian hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Langsa Lama kota Langsa. Kesimpulan ; Meningkatkan Promosi Kesehatan di Puskesmas Langsa Lama Kota Langsa dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dan melakukan pencegahan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan secara berkala.Kata Kunci : Faktor Risiko, Hipertensi, Wanita Usia Reproduktif


2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mujtaba Barekzai

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, esophageal cancer is the fourth most common cancer among Afghan men and the fifth most common cancer among Afghan women in 2018. Data on the link between diet and disease are extremely limited in Afghanistan. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between diet and esophageal cancer in Afghanistan. In this hospital-based case-control study, 84 esophageal cancer patients (newly diagnosed), and 164 controls with no history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy (due to cancer) were included. The cases and controls are aged between 20 and 75 years and matched in terms of age ± 5year and sex. All participants were interviewed face to face by trained female investigators using structured questionnaires. Diff erences in general characteristics and diet between cases and controls were examined by the t-test and chi-square test. The Binary Logistic Regression was used to examine the association between food consumption and esophagus cancer. The mean age of study participants was 55 years. The salty food 1 time or more per day 9.3 times (95% CI: 3.390-25.807), intake of meat 1 time or more per day 7.345 times (95% CI: 079-26.083), and pepper 1 time or more per day 2.342 times (95% CI: 0.968- 1.456) were increased the odds of esophageal cancer in Afghans population. Conclusion: We found that a high intake of salty food, pepper, and red meat positively associated with the risk of esophageal cancer, and the higher intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, and poultry reduces the risk of esophageal cancer in the Afghan population. Further studies (e.g. cohort studies) with a large sample size are required to establish this association.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-856
Author(s):  
Yosintha Dilina Wanda ◽  
Fardila Elba ◽  
Didah Didah ◽  
Ari Indra Susanti ◽  
Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2018, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is the third country with the highest prevalence in the Southeast Asia Region (SEAR). The average prevalence of children under five in Indonesia in 2005-2017 was 36.4%. In West Java the incidence of stunting is 29.9% and in Sumedang Regency the figure is still quite high at 36%, and based on data from the Jatinangor Health Center in 2020 there are 60 stunting toddlers.Purpose: The purpose to analyze the relationship between the history of basic immunization status and the incidence of  in toddler in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor District in 2020.Methods: This research design is a quantitative research conducted in Hegarmanah Village in November. This study use a case control design with a ratio of 1:1. The case group of this study was stunting and the control group was non-stunted. The groups of stunting and non-stunted toddlers were determined by a matching system of age and gender categorization. Sampling used proportionate stratified random technique. The sample in this study were stunted and non-stunted toddlers with a total sample of 120 respondents, 60 case groups and 60 control groups. The research instrument is a questionnaire and a microtoise to measure height. Bivariate analysis was carried out with Chi-Square and Odds Ratio testsResults: The results showed that 30 (25%) stunting toddlers aged 24-<36 months, 23 (19%) toddlers aged 24-<36 months and 19 (16%) boys with a history of incomplete basic immunization status . Bivariate analysis was carried out with Chi-Square and Odds Ratio tests with a 95% confidence level obtained (p = 0.000) with OR and CI (4.958 (2.074-11.852)). This states that there is a relationship between the history of basic immunization status on the incidence of stunting under five in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor District.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the history of basic immunization status on the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor District with a value of p<0.05 (p=0.00<0.05) and there is a risk of stunting in toddlers with incomplete immunization 4.9 times compared to toddlers with complete immunization.Suggestion Future researchers are expected to be able to further investigate what types of immunization can affect stunting. Keywords: Relationship, Stunting, Basic Immunization, Toddler ABSTRAK  Latar Belakang: Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) data prevalensi kejadian stunting Indonesia termasuk negara ketiga dengan prevalensi tertinggi di regional Asia Tenggara /South-East Asia Regional (SEAR). Rata-rata prevalensi balita di Indonesia tahun 2005-2017 adalah 36,4%. Di Jawa Barat angka kejadian stunting yaitu 29,9% dan di Kabupaten Sumedang angkanya masih cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 36%, dan berdasarkan data Puskesmas Jatinangor pada tahun 2020 terdapat 60 balita stunting.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan riwayat status imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian balita stunting di Desa Hegarmanah Kecamatan Jatinangor Tahun 2020.Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan di Desa Hegarmanah pada Bulan November. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control dengan perbandingan 1:1. Kelompok kasus penelitian ini yaitu stunting dan kontrol yaitu non stunting. Kelompok balita stunting dan non stunting ditentukan dengan sistem matching kategorisasi usia dan jenis kelamin. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah balita yang stunting dan non stunting dengan jumlah sampel 120 responden, sebanyak 60 kelompok kasus dan 60 kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitian ini yaitu kuisioner dan microtoise untuk mengukur tinggi badan. Analisis bivariate dilakukan uji Chi-Square dan Odds RatioHasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan 30 (25%) balita stunting dengan usia 24-<36 bulan, 23 (19%) balita usia 24-<36 bulan dan 19 (16%) balita laki-laki dengan riwayat status imunisasi dasar yang tidak lengkap. Analisis bivariate dilakukan uji Chi-Square dan Odds Ratio dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% didapatkan (p=0,000) dengan OR dan CI (4,958 (2,074-11,852)).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat status imunisasi dasar pada kejadian balita stunting di Desa Hegarmanah Kecamatan Jatinangor dengan nilai p<0,05 (p=0.00<0.05) serta terdapat risiko kejadian stunting pada balita dengan imunasi tidak lengkap 4,9 kali dibanding balita dengan imunisasi yang lengkap.Saran Peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai jenis imunisasi apa yang dapat mempengaruhi stunting. Kata kunci : Hubungan, Stunting, Imunisasi Dasar, Balita


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