scholarly journals The Influence of Division of Amlodipine Tablets on Their Efficacy and Stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Brunilda Myftari ◽  
Enxhi Andrea ◽  
Elton Myftari ◽  
Ledjan Malaj
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Chronic Therapy ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Republic

Tablet division is a widespread phenomenon nowadays in Albania, because of different factors such as the absence of small dosages in the pharmaceutical market, financial reasons etc. The purpose of this study is to identify the positive and negative aspects of tablets division by patients. It aims to show experimentally if the division affects or not, in a significant way the percentage of the active substance. It was selected Amlodipine as a drug for analysis, because of two reasons. First it is used in chronic therapy and second it is part of the List of Reimbursement of Medicines in the Republic of Albania.It was used besylate amlodipine as RS, three different productions of Amlodipine tablets bought directly in a community pharmacy, methanol HPLC grade and ammonium acetate. It was selected the method based on the HPLC analysis of the solutions obtained by dissolution of amlodipine in methanol as described in the European Pharmacopoeia 2011. This was an ongoing analysis for four weeks. The divided tablets have been kept in similar conditions as a patient can do.The organoleptic control after division showed no changes for all three productions. Only halves of sample A fulfill the pharmacopoeia criteria for RD ± 7.5%. From the results obtained, it was noted that there was a decrease in the percentage of the active substance, on halves taken randomly for analysis. The concentration of the active substance in sample A at the end of the analysis resulted to be 83.6%, in sample B 84.37% and sample C 83.75%. The level of impurities remain ≤ 2% conform limits in Eur. Ph. Based on these results, it is concluded that tablet division is a process that significantly affects the percentage of the tablet's active substance. Reducing the concentration of the active substance implies that the patient does not receive the required dose for treatment and the success of therapy is in doubt. The division of amlodipine tablets is economically convenient, but is a practice that should be avoided and not advised by the healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Simple HPLC-PDA Analysis to Determine Illegal Synthetic Dyes in Herbal Medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6641
Author(s):  
Kyung-Yuk Ko ◽  
Eun-Young Choi ◽  
Se-Hee Jeong ◽  
Sohwa Kim ◽  
Choon-Kil Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
Herbal Medication ◽  
Relative Standard

Various synthetic dyes are artificially added to herbal medicines for the purpose of visual attraction. In order to monitor the illegal usage of synthetic dyes in herbal medication, a rapid and straightforward analysis method to determine synthetic dyes is required. The study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to determine ten synthetic dyes in Hawthorn fruit, Cornus fruit, and Schisandra fruit. Ten synthetic dyes such as Tartrazine, Sunset yellow, Metanil yellow, Auramine O, Amaranth, Orange II, Acid red 73, Amaranth, New Coccine, Azorubine, and Erythrosine B, were extracted using 50 mM ammonium acetate in 70% MeOH; then separated by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 50 mM ammonium acetate in distilled water using a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 428 nm or 500 nm. In addition, this study established the LC-MS/MS method to confirm the existence of synthetic dyes in the positive sample solution. The HPLC analysis had good linearity (r2 > 0.999). The recoveries of this method ranged from 74.6~132.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were less than 6.9%. Most of the samples fulfilled the acceptance criteria of the AOAC guideline. This study demonstrates that the HPLC analysis can be applied to determine ten synthetic dyes in herbal medication.

Assortment Analysis And Comparative Characteristics Of The Results Of Registration Of Sedative Drugs In The Republic Of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Firuza Alisherovna Umarova ◽  
◽  
Kamal Saidakbarovich Rizaev ◽  
Nemat Kayumovich Olimov ◽  
Zaynab Enverovna Sidametova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Analysis of the assortment of sedatives registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan showed that sedatives are represented on the pharmaceutical market of the country by such dosage forms as drops, solutions, tinctures, syrups, medicinal herbal raw materials, capsules and tablets. Considering that sedatives registered in the form of a substance, with the exception of the dry extract of Leoglycyrfl produced by “Uzkimyofarm”, there are practically no names of S.K. Islambekov in the Joint Stock Company. In this regard, we consider it expedient to create a new sedative medicinal product of herbal origin in the form of a substance and obtain dosage forms based on it.

VASODILATORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC DISEASES (С01D) ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
S. E. Rzheussky ◽  
◽  
P. S. Varabei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Isosorbide Mononitrate ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Bcg Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Marketing Information

The article studies the domestic market of vasodilators for cardiac diseases in Belarus by analyzing and comparing secondary marketing information. The structure of the market depending on the manufacturing country was studied. It was established that medicines containing isosorbide mononitrate/dinitrate have the greatest number of indications to use and the least number of side effects. The dynamics of changing the sales of medicines in the vasodilators group for cardiac diseases for the period 2010-2018 is presented. The market attractiveness of medicines of the vasodilators group for cardiac diseases was studied using the matrix of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG matrix).

scholarly journals Goji Berry: Quality Assessment and Crop Adaptation of Plants Cultivated in Tuscany (Italy) by Combination of Carotenoid and DNA Analyses

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Capecchi ◽  
Emanuele Goti ◽  
Elena Nicolai ◽  
Maria Camilla Bergonzi ◽  
Roberto Monnanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Quality Markers ◽  
Crucial Information

In this study HPLC analysis for the evaluation of carotenoids and DNA barcoding are reported for three different samples of Lycium cultivated in Tuscany (Italy). These two analytical methods can represent integrative methods for quality control of goji, giving also crucial information on the plant adaptation to different environments. Hence, carotenoids represent the quality markers proposed by the monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia, while DNA barcoding can differentiate between species and populations and is useful for the detection of the homogeneity of the samples.

scholarly journals HPLC Analysis of Stemokerrine and Oxystemokerrine in the Thai Medicinal Plant Stemona kerrii

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701
Author(s):  
Sumet Kongkiatpaiboon ◽  
Vichien Keeratinijakal ◽  
Wandee Gritsanapan
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Two Samples

A HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for determination of stemokerrine and oxystemokerrine in Stemona kerrii roots. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18-column eluted with methanol: 50 mM ammonium acetate solution using a gradient system with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection at 300 nm. Stemokerrine and oxystemokerrine showed a linear relationship within the range of 0.5-100 μg/mL. The method was shown to be precise with a RSD <2%. The average percent recovery of stemokerrine was 101.6% and for oxystemokerrine 99.5%. Two samples of S. kerrii were analyzed and the average contents of stemokerrine and oxystemokerrine were 0.2 and 0.05%, w/w, respectively. The present work will provide a useful standardization method for S. kerrii raw materials for further pharmaceutical development.

Evaluation of a New Integrated Discharge Prescription Form

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Paquette-Lamontagne ◽  
William M McLean ◽  
Lysanne Besse ◽  
Jean Cusson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Prescription Form ◽  
Patient Profiles ◽  
Internal Medicine Wards ◽  
Discharge Prescription

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a new discharge prescription form which integrates admission medications, in-hospital changes, and discharge medications could enhance the accuracy of information in patient profiles in community pharmacies after hospital discharge. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, prospective, multi-site study. SETTINGS: Internal medicine wards of the three teaching hospitals (1200 beds) of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal. SUBJECTS: Patients admitted to the internal medicine wards between January 4 and 31, 1999, at St.-Luc and Notre-Dame Hospitals formed the control group and received a usual discharge form (UD). Those admitted between February 1 and 28, 1999, received the new discharge prescription form (DPF) capturing the list of admission medications and revisions during hospitalization; they served as the experimental group. METHODS: Patient profiles were reviewed to calculate conformity rates of community pharmacy patient profiles after discharge and the rate of overall conformity for each group in the study. Each drug in the patient profile was assessed according to six criteria. Healthcare providers' satisfaction with the DPF was assessed via a written questionnaire. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients and 669 discharge medications were studied. The patient profiles had a higher conformity rate in the DPF group than in the UD group (82% vs. 40%; p < 0.001); improvement could be attributed to higher conformity rates, particularly for two criteria (medications stopped in hospital and dose changes in hospital). CONCLUSIONS: Integration of admission medications, in-hospital changes, and discharge medications on a single form increases the conformity rates of community pharmacy patient profiles after hospitalization. This tool is well accepted by both pharmacists and physicians and may lead to a major decrease in drug-related problems.

scholarly journals Primary healthcare policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 2248
Author(s):  
Christiane Eickhoff ◽  
Nina Griese-Mammen ◽  
Uta Mueller ◽  
André Said ◽  
Martin Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
National Level ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Electronic Record ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Family Doctors

Germany is the highest populated country in Europe with a population of 82.3 million in 2019. As in many other developed countries, it has an aging population. Approximately 10% of the gross domestic product is spent on healthcare. The healthcare system is characterized by its accessibility. Patients are generally free to choose their primary care physicians, both family doctors and specialists, pharmacy, dentist, or emergency service. Up to a certain income, health insurance is mandatory with the statutory health insurance (SHI) system, covering 88% of the population. Major challenges are the lack of cooperation and integration between the different sectors and healthcare providers. This is expected to change with the introduction of a telematic infrastructure that is currently being implemented. It will not only connect all providers in primary and secondary care in a secure network but will also enable access to patients’ electronic record/medical data and at the same time switch from paper to electronic prescriptions. Approximately 52,000 of the 67,000 pharmacists are working in approximately 19,000 community pharmacies. These pharmacies are owner-operated by a pharmacist. Pharmacists may own up to three subsidiaries nearby to their main pharmacy. Community pharmacy practice mainly consists of dispensing drugs, counselling patients on drug therapy and safety, and giving advice on lifestyle and healthy living. Many cognitive pharmaceutical services have been developed and evaluated in the past 20 years. Discussions within the profession and with stakeholders on the national level on the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists have resulted in nationally agreed guidelines, curricula, and services. However, cognitive services remunerated by the SHI funds on the national level remain to be negotiated and sustainably implemented. A law passed in November 2020 by parliament will regulate the remuneration of pharmaceutical services by the SHI funds with an annual budget of EUR 150 million. The type of services and their remuneration remain to be negotiated in 2021. The profession has to continue on all levels to advocate for a change in pharmacy practice by introducing pharmacy services into routine care.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FEEDS DEPENDING ON BASIC SOIL TILLAGE METHODS AND NUTRITION BACKGROUND

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Medvedev ◽  
Vladimir Fomin ◽  
Makarim Nafikov ◽  
Aydar Nigmatzyanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tillage Methods

In 2014–2016 in Zakame of the Republic of Tatarstan, a study was conducted to increase the productivity of corn (Mashuk 250 hybrid) for silage using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers – control, NPK at 40 t/ha of green mass, PK - background, background + N40, background + N60 , background + N80, background + N100, background + N120) and tillage methods (plowing - control, tillage cultivation). The availability of phosphorus in the soil of the experimental plot was sufficient for the formation of the planned yield, therefore, phosphorus fertilizers were not added. The nitrogen content in the green mass of corn for plowing was 3.03 ... 3.85%, phosphorus - 0.45 ... 0.71%, potassium - 1.71 ... 1.98%, for non-dump processing, respectively - 3.01 ... 3, 83; 0.43 ... 0.69 and 1.69 ... 1.97%. Against an unfertilized background, the nitrogen content in the green mass of corn for plowing was equal to 3.03%, with the introduction of NK under the yield of 40 t/ha - 3.41%, K - 3.14%. In the variant with the use of anhydrous ammonia at a dose of 40 kg of active substance/ha against a background of potash fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen in the green mass was 3.34%, 60 kg - 3.41%, 80 kg - 3.43%, 100 kg - 3.76% and 120 kg - 3.85% (0.82% higher than unfertilized background). The maximum NPK removal in the experiment was observed by plowing in the background + N120 variant (1183; 218; 608 kg/ha, respectively), background + N100 (1114; 207; 584 kg/ha) and when fertilizing with a yield of 40 t/ha of green mass (1051; 206; 598 kg/ha). With subsurface processing, the take-off decreased, but the distribution of the first variants of this indi

scholarly journals Interprofessional Approach to Increase Billable Care-Events in a Rural Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A Twigg ◽  
John Motsko ◽  
Jeff Sherr ◽  
Sara El-Baff
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Pharmacist Intervention ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Center Of Excellence ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

Objectives: The study was designed to build a financially stable, replicable, and interprofessional program around a Center of Excellence (COE) model exclusively in a community pharmacy setting. This involved creating a separate pharmacy-based clinic within the community pharmacy with recognized rendering providers by payers allowing pharmacists to bill incident to for services and increase the quality of patient clinical outcomes. Setting: Apple Discount drugs in Salisbury, MD is a multi-site independent community pharmacy setting offering traditional pharmacy services along with several pharmacist run clinical programs. Practice Innovation: The pharmacy developed an interprofessional team around a Center of Excellence (COE) model as a separate medical clinic within the community pharmacy as a subsidiary of the parent company that was staffed with healthcare providers that are recognized by payers to bill for services. Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes of the study included analysis of the number of patients seen, the ability to obtain reimbursement for the clinical services offered, and changes in A1C and BMI to support the clinical value of pharmacist intervention. Results: A total of 309 patients with diabetes were seen over a 16 month period, including 120 patients who completed the 10 hour diabetes training program. Clinical outcomes showed an improvement in A1C from 9.1 pre enrollment to 7.5 post intervention, and a drop in BMI from 35.7 pre enrollment to 32.4 post intervention. The pharmacy was also able to increase the amount of reimbursement for services provided. Conclusions: The development of a pharmacy based clinic business model inside of a community pharmacy has increased the amount of clinically billed services for the pharmacy. Improvements in clinical outcomes led to an acceptance of the pharmacist as a member of the patient’s care team by patients, local physician’s offices, and third party payers. Funding: This work was supported by the Community Pharmacy Foundation [grant #143 , 2015]   Type: Commentary

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