scholarly journals Examination of the Properties of Historical Wrought Iron in Architectural Structures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Vidovszky ◽  
Jenő Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slabs ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
Structural Connection

Wrought iron elements were produced of material with various quality from the ancient times to the early 20th century however played increasingly enhanced roles in the structural stability of buildings up to the modern times when reinforced concrete slabs and ring beams appeared. Wall ties and anchors were responsible for establishing a structural connection between slabs (beams) and walls or in case of vaults, such ties balanced the vertical component of the loads. There were some analyses in the literature on the strength of wrought iron structural elements, mainly bridge elements, manufactured in ironworks. However, there are a few studies only on the mechanical properties of the material of structures, which were manufactured manually in workshops that was typical in case of smaller construction elements. In this study, two types of hardness tests and tensile strength examinations were carried out on wrought iron structural elements taken from Hungarian buildings originating from the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries to study the mechanical properties. Additionally, X-ray tests were performed to explore some features of manufacturing for the better understanding of the measured values. As a result, some information was gained about the structural analyses of the manually forged wrought iron elements.

scholarly journals X-ray and back-wall echo ultrasonic examination of wrought iron building structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
István Vidovszky ◽  
Jenő Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Back Wall ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Machine Industry

The wrought iron building structures constituting part of the architectural heritage, e. g. handrails, gate hinges, columns, arch ties and wall ties represent incorporeal value, but operate as load bearing structures as well. There are few information on their mechanical properties and quality. Due to the inhomogeneity of the material of wrought iron building structures generated during the production, the known metal testing methods, as the tensile and hardness tests or metallographic examination, are not enough to survey the properties of such structures in depth. For the further and more accurate examinations, the application of X-ray and back-wall echo ultrasonic tests are essential. The goal of our paper is the presentation of the application of the examinations used extensively in the machine industry for the testing of wrought iron building structures.

Influence of Melt Temperature on Compressive Plasticity of a Cu-Zr-Al Bulk Metallic Glass

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 517-521
Author(s):  
Sheng Hui Xie ◽  
Xie Rong Zeng ◽  
Dong Ju Fu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Qiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Casting Temperature ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Important Solution

Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were cast from the melt temperature 1143 to 1373 K. The structure, thermal and mechanical properties of the BMGs were investigated by XRD, DSC, HRTEM, dilatometric measurements, micro-hardness tests and uniaxial compression. The results indicate that the microstructure and mechanical performance of BMGs are closely affected by the casting temperature. Proper casting temperature ensures the BMGs with large relaxed excess free volume (REFV) and nano-crystallites, which favor the plastic deformation in Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 BMGs. Regulating the preparing parameters is an important solution to good plasticity in BMGs.

Variability of the Mechanical Properties of Wrought Iron from Historic American Truss Bridges

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean L. Kelton ◽  
Sanjay R. Arwade ◽  
Alan J. Lutenegger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Truss Bridges

scholarly journals A Study on the Mechanical Properties for Ternary Polymer Blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Awham M. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Ternary Polymer

In this work, two ternary polymer blends were prepared by mixing EP with (UP/PSR) and (PVC/PSR) respectively. Different mixing ratios were used (5, 10, 15 and 20) wt.% of the added polymers. Impact, tensile, compression, flexural and hardness tests were performed on the prepared blends. The results of testing showed that the first ternary blend A (EP/UP/PSR) records tensile strength values higher than that of the second ternary blend B (EP/ PVC/PSR). At 20wt.% of mixing, the blend B records higher impact strength than that of the blend A. There is large difference in the flexural behavior between A and B blends where the blend A records the highest value of flexural strength (F.S) at (5wt.%) while the blend B records the highest value of (F.S) at (20wt.%). From compression test, it is obvious that the values of compressive strength decrease of blend B more than that of the blend A as well as the same behavior can be obtained through the hardness test.

scholarly journals МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ТЕРТЯ В ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛАХ

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Н. П. Супрун ◽  
М. Л. Рябчиков ◽  
І. О. Іванов
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Main Factors

Create a model for determining the coefficient of friction of textile materials to identify the main factors influencing the process of friction, taking into account the structural and mechanical properties of materials. Modeling of friction process in textile materials as a combination of adhesive and elastic phenomena. Roughness of solid bodies and the main parameters of roughness, such as the height of micro-irregularities, their pitch, sharpening, etc. described in many standards and scientific papers. However, the modeling of the friction process in such systems is very complicated due to the irregularity of distribution of microroughness. The analysis of literature data showed that the surface roughness of textile materials is an important and effective factor in predicting the tactile properties of products for various purposes. Estimation of surface roughness is usually carried out using subjective and objective methods, and the latter can be contact and non-contact. The paper develops a model for determining the coefficient of friction of textile materials to identify the main factors influencing the friction process, taking into account the structural and mechanical properties of materials. Friction force is presented as a combination of two main factors. The first is the elastic resistance to deformation, the second is the adhesive resistance to compression of the structural elements of the material. The main parameters influencing the coefficient of friction of textile fabrics - modulus of elasticity of structural elements, their geometrical parameters - surface density of textile material, linear density of structural elements are established. The obtained results allow to qualitatively predict the friction forces of a textile material with known parameters of its structural elements, as well as to normalize these parameters to create materials with specified friction indices. The obtained results make it possible to select the threads that form the textile material, according to the values of the modulus of elasticity, thickness, location density to ensure the minimum friction force.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STRESSES AND STRAINS THAT OCCUR IN STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS CONSIDERING THE MODEL WITH AND WITHOUT LAYERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
FLORENTINA TOCU ◽  
COSTEL IULIAN MOCANU
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
Isotropic Plates ◽  
Layer Composite ◽  
Collective Experience

<p>Fibreglass-reinforced polyester (GRP) is the most widely used composite material in the ship building industry and requires careful study in point of mechanical characteristics. This article presents the collective experience related to behaviour in different situations of GRP loading. We considered three cases manufacturing for GRP: layers with mechanical characteristics for each layer, composite (the material is considered isotropic but with layers and same mechanical properties for all layers), and isotropic plates.</p>

scholarly journals Porcelain enamel coatings, from the past to the future: solved and unsolved issues for the improvement of their mechanical properties.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Rossi ◽  
Francesca Russo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ancient Times

Porcelain enamel coatings have their origins in ancient times when they were mainly used for decorative and ornamental purposes. From the industrial revolution onwards, these coatings have started to be used also as functional layers, ranging from home applications up to the use in high-technological fields, such as in chemical reactors. The excellent properties of enamel coatings, such as fire resistance, protection of the substrate from corrosion, resistance to atmospheric and chemical degradation, mainly depend and originate from the glassy nature of the enamel matrix itself. On the other side, the vitreous nature of enamel coatings limits their application in many fields, where mechanical stress and heavy abrasion phenomena could lead to nucleation and propagation of cracks inside the material, thus negatively affecting the protective properties of this coating. Many efforts have been made to improve the abrasion resistance of enamelled materials. On this regard, researchers showed encouraging results and proposed many different improvement approaches. Now it is possible to obtain enamels with enhanced resistance to abrasion. Differently, the investigation of the mechanical properties of enamel coatings remains a poorly studied topic. In the literature, there are interesting methodological ideas, which could be successfully applied to the mechanical study of enamelled materials and could allow to have further insights on their behaviour. Thus, the path that should be followed in the future includes the mechanical characterization of these coatings and the search for new solutions to address their brittle behaviour.

The Symbolism of Colors in Art – Traditions and Modernity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Dimcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Times

The colors in art have always influenced the human consciousness through the power of the symbolism embedded in them from ancient times to the present. Some color values from the past are preserved for a long period of time, while others are transformed with a certain meaning in time, depending on various factors such as religion, cultural traditions, geographical location, etc. In modern times, the symbolic meaning of color is rethought with a new content, often uniting those laws that were once the basis of ancient knowledge.

Effects of hydroxyapatite content on mechanical properties and in-vitro corrosion behavior of ZK60/HA composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 621-631
Author(s):  
Jie Teng ◽  
Zili Xu ◽  
Jinlong Su ◽  
Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Zk60 Alloy ◽  
Immersion Testing

Abstract In this study, hydroxyapatite-reinforced ZK60 Mg alloybased composites were fabricated via a powder metallurgy route. The mechanical properties of these composites were studied by compressive tests and hardness tests. The in-vitro corrosion behavior was also investigated using immersion testing and electrochemical measurement. The influence of hydroxyapatite content on the mechanical properties and invitro corrosion behavior was evaluated. The microstructure and corrosion morphology were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the composite materials with 10 wt.% hydroxyapatite exhibited a better combination of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Compared with ZK60 alloy, the addition of 10 wt.% hydroxyapatite resulted in an increase in corrosion resistance by 38.6%.

Student Competence

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vardan Mkrttchian ◽  
Spartak Gevorgian ◽  
Samvel Shoukourian ◽  
Ferdinand Gasparyan ◽  
Ruben Vardanyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Consecutive System ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Scientific Competence ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Electronic Education

Student competence includes process of the organization, transfer and assimilation of knowledge, skills of activity. Educational processes (or otherwise, training process) are connected with development of training in time and space and mean consecutive system of actions. Traditionally, research and study process of training is connected with transfer of knowledge by the teacher to the pupil (or to the trainee). The course of training, since ancient times, began to apply various supportive applications promoting acceleration, strengthening of understanding. In modern times, the process of training became impossible without use of computer equipment. It led to emergence of a new paradigm of educational process – electronic education, which is realized in the form of distance education. This chapter 7 students', from National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Faculty of Engineering Cybernetic, =scientific competence in study period from 1967-1972.

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