scholarly journals Billeted Soldiers and Local Civilians in 1750s Helsinki

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-289
Author(s):  
Sofia Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Heavy Burden

This chapter discusses the soldier billeting system, in which the townspeople were obliged to lodge soldiers in their homes. The article shows that, even though the billeting was a heavy burden to the local burghers in Helsinki, the co-existence of soldiers and civilians in same houses and rooms was in itself surprisingly peaceful. One of the reasons is that the garrison soldiers began, from an early stage, to interact closely with the local community, demonstrated for example by the numerous marriages between them and the local women.

scholarly journals The Forms of Social Engagement of Polish Firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kietlińska
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Number Of Firms

AbstractThe development of the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) depends mainly on the changes in international market and growing competition between countries and enterprises. These factors influence on the behavior of enterprises. This means that the goal of business action is not only profit-making but also fulfilling social needs. The goal of this paper is to present and assess social in Poland. Starting with the concept and scope of CSR, the article presents benefits from responsible business activity and implementation of this idea in Poland.The research carried out in 2012 shows that the main implementers of CSR are large firms with foreign capital. They know the idea of CSR from the experience of Western firms. The main objective is their image and to build better relations with their environment. On this background the article shows the ranking of companies participating in “Leader of Philanthropy” competition. It allowed to choose four firms as an example of good practices in social engagement. Social activity of chosen firms was addressed to: employees,children,local community,the sick, the disabled and the poor,animals.The contacted research proves that social engagement of Polish firms is at the early stage of development. The number of firms increase, but there are mainly large companies. The main reason that the small business share in social engagement results from the limited amount of financial resources at their disposal.

Family, Ambition, Locality and Party. A Study of Professionalization in the Activation and Apprenticeships of Local Councillors in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62
Author(s):  
Tom Verhelst ◽  
Eric Kerrouche
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Political Recruitment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Local Councillors ◽  
Elected Representatives

It is widely acknowledged that elected representatives have often benefited from a variety of steppingstones in their passage to power. This article comparatively studies a selection of such steppingstones amongst local councillors in Europe. More specifically, it takes account of family ties, ambition, the entrenchment in the locality and the political party as elements of activation and apprenticeship in the process of political recruitment. In doing so, it sets out ideal-typical laymen from their professionalized counterparts. The article shows that at this early stage of recruitment, local councillors still generally tend towards the layman archetype. Furthermore, some assets, such as the inclusion in the local community and the enrolment in a political party, seem necessary to enter on a political career. Others are more provisional (e.g. family, motivations, social background, municipal size, ideology and function) or dependent upon the institutional provisions in place (e.g. quota, electoral system). Finally, professionalization patterns do not depend directly from traditional country types, but rather from the specific combination of factors in each country.

Building a resilient local council: evidence from flood disasters in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Sciulli ◽  
Giuseppe D'Onza ◽  
Giulio Greco
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flood Disasters

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate resilience to extreme weather events (EWE) in a sample of Italian local councils (LCs), impacted by flood disasters. Whether resilience as a concept is adopted by the affected councils and factors that promote or inhibit LC resilience are explored. Design/methodology/approach – Using semi-structured interviews, the authors investigate seven Italian LCs that were severely impacted by the flood event. An interview protocol was developed and background information collected. A number of themes were drawn from the interview transcripts and relationships with the relevant literature were examined. Findings – The findings highlight that the adoption of the concept of resilience is at an early stage in the LCs decision and policy making. The authors find that the financial resources and the external relations management with other public entities, NGOs and local communities, promote the LCs resilience during and after an EWE. By contrast, bureaucratic constraints and poor urban planning restrain resilience. The findings suggest that LCs resilience needs to be distinguished from local community resilience. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the literature on public sector management and investigates the under-researched area of resilience within the context of the public sector, vis-à-vis, local government. In particular the realization that EWE are not the realm only of emergency personnel, but that local government managers have an integral role placed upon them during and especially after the EWE.

scholarly journals COPD management as a model for all chronic respiratory conditions: report of the 4th Consensus Conference in Respiratory Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Nardini ◽  
Fernando De Benedetto ◽  
Claudio M. Sanguinetti ◽  
Salvatore Bellofiore ◽  
Stefano Carlone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 40 million people each year. The management of chronic respiratory NCDs such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is particularly critical in Italy, where they are widespread and represent a heavy burden on healthcare resources. It is thus important to redefine the role and responsibility of respiratory specialists and their scientific societies, together with that of the whole healthcare system, in order to create a sustainable management of COPD, which could become a model for other chronic respiratory conditions. Methods: These issues were divided into four main topics (Training, Organization, Responsibilities, and Sustainability) and discussed at a Consensus Conference promoted by the Research Center of the Italian Respiratory Society held in Rome, Italy, 3–4 November 2016. Results and conclusions: Regarding training, important inadequacies emerged regarding specialist training - both the duration of practical training courses and teaching about chronic diseases like COPD. A better integration between university and teaching hospitals would improve the quality of specialization. A better organizational integration between hospital and specialists/general practitioners (GPs) in the local community is essential to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for chronic respiratory patients. Improving the care pathways is the joint responsibility of respiratory specialists, GPs, patients and their caregivers, and the healthcare system. The sustainability of the entire system depends on a better organization of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathways, in which also other stakeholders such as pharmacists and pharmaceutical companies can play an important role.

scholarly journals Seasonal Site of Shadrinsky Maslozavod of Russian Migrants in the Ishim Steppe Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Life Support ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Steppe Region

Purpose. The sites of the Russian colonization period continued to stay insufficiently known in Western Siberia. The author considers new materials of excavation of two Russian migrant dwellings for studying local and chronological dynamic of life-support. Results. This site was localized at the bank of Shadrinskoye Lake in the steppe region of Ishim River valley in the Western Siberia region. Buildings stood alone and were not synchronic. They were small in size – 10 m2 and 18 m2, of rectangular form, and of varying depth. They had plank floors, a gable roof and access to the lake. After the fire, a shallow half-dugout dwelling with a larger area was built in place of the deep dugout, which eventually burned down too. The iron axes, traces of drying of nets with sinkers arranged in the complexes, the bones of domestic animals and fish were found. It is interesting that the sinkers are of different forms: biconic, cylindrical, trapeziform with one hole and flat oval form without a hole. The last type was used with wrapped birch bark. Two pots looked like 18th century brown Russian professional pottery. Despite fishing of the habitants, the bones of animals from food leftovers show the developing cattle breeding with predominant livestock and pig breeding in the local community. The chronology of this site was defined based on the periods of function of iron axes with the wide and the rounded off blades, ceramic and adobe clay brick (which had not been imported until much later) at the beginning of the 18th century. Conclusion. The site is interesting as a source of the early stage of Russian development of Siberia and as an ordinary life-supporting complex. It shows the combination of production branches with the development in fishing and game bird hunting in their natural habitat in the ecological lake systems of the steppe zone. Fishing for smaller fish was conducted for the purposes of diversifying the food ration.

The experience of first-year hematology and oncology fellows after implementing a wellness chief fellow at an academic cancer center.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11017-11017
Author(s):  
Sherise C. Rogers ◽  
Alison R. Walker ◽  
Gregory Alan Otterson ◽  
Janet Dettorre
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
First Year ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Fellowship Program ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Academic Center

11017 Background: Hematology & Oncology trainees are high risk for burnout. Risk factors include early stage in career, female gender and isolation. From previous assessment, the program discovered that the feeling of isolation was a problem experienced by our trainees. Our first-year fellows are challenged with multiple acclimations and the intense demands of inpatient service. As a result, we developed the leadership position of Wellness Chief Fellow to address the specific needs of this population during academic year 2019. Methods: The Wellness Chief (WC) is a third-year Hematology and Oncology Fellow with good communication skills and knowledge of resources at the academic cancer center. The WC gave a Wellness lecture during first-year orientation to emphasize the prioritization of personal wellbeing throughout fellowship. The WC developed a list of wellness resources within the hospital system and local community and shared these with the fellows. The WC also provided quarterly one-on-one confidential mentoring to first year fellows. These meetings were informal and semi-structured. Topics included adjusting to the academic center and their new fellowship role, moving to a new city, current support system, clinical and research mentorship, life challenges and self-care. Mid-year, the first-year fellows were surveyed regarding their experience. Results: Eight fellows participated in one-on-one mentoring and 5 completed a mid-year evaluation. 4/5 fellows were new to the city. All trainees felt that mentoring helped them adjust to fellowship. 4/5 stated that they found a clinical mentor and 3/5 have a research mentor and started a research project. 4/5 acknowledged that they have a friend in the fellowship program and 5/5 stated that they do have someone to go to if they were experiencing a challenging life event. All fellows reported gaining something valuable after each mentoring session. 3/5 subjectively experienced burnout within 6 months of the fellowship program. One person stated they experienced burnout once per week and 2 reported monthly burnout. Conclusions: A Wellness Chief Fellow can buffer the effects of isolation within the first-year fellowship experience by providing mentoring and resources during a challenging acclimation period.

scholarly journals Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Screening of Healthcare Workers in the Southern Part of Kyoto City During the COVID-19 Pre-pandemic Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Fujita ◽  
Shinpei Kada ◽  
Osamu Kanai ◽  
Hiroaki Hata ◽  
Takao Odagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with a heavy burden on the mental and physical health of patients, regional healthcare resources, and global economic activity. While understanding of the incidence and case-fatality rates has increased, there are limited data concerning seroprevalence of antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare workers during the pre-pandemic period. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers in the southern part of Kyoto city, Japan.Methods: We prospectively recruited healthcare workers from a single hospital between April 10 and April 20, 2020. We collected serum samples from these participants and quantitatively evaluated SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results: Five (5.4%), 15 (16.3%), and 72 (78.3%) participants showed positive, borderline, and negative serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody status, respectively. We found the mean titer associated with each antibody status (overall, positive, borderline, and negative) was clearly differentiated. Participants working at the otolaryngology department and/or with a history of seasonal common cold symptoms had a significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titer (p = 0.046, p = 0.046, respectively).Conclusions: Five (5.4%) and 15 (16.3%) participants tested positive and borderline, respectively, for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody during the COVID-19 pre-pandemic period. These rates were higher than expected, based on government situation reports. These findings suggest that COVID-19 had already spread within the southern part of Kyoto city at the early stage of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening of healthcare workers in the southern part of Kyoto city during the COVID-19 peri-pandemic period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Fujita ◽  
Shinpei Kada ◽  
Osamu Kanai ◽  
Hiroaki Hata ◽  
Takao Odagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with a heavy burden on the mental and physical health of patients, regional healthcare resources, and global economic activity. While our understanding of the incidence and case-fatality rates increases, data on seroprevalence of antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare workers during the peri-pandemic period is insufficient. This study quantitatively evaluated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in healthcare workers in the southern part of Kyoto city, Japan. Methods: We prospectively recruited healthcare workers from a single hospital between April 10 and April 20, 2020. We collected serum samples from these participants and quantitatively evaluated SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Five (5.4%), 15 (16.3%), and 72 (78.3%) participants showed positive, borderline, and negative serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody status, respectively. We found the mean titer associated with each antibody status (overall, positive, borderline, and negative) was clearly differentiated. Participants working at the otolaryngology department and/or having a history of seasonal common cold symptoms had a significantly higher titer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody (p=0.046, p=0.046, respectively). Conclusions: Five (5.4%) and 15 (16.3%) participants tested positive and borderline, respectively, for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody during the COVID-19 peri-pandemic period. These rates were higher than expected based on government situation reports. The present findings suggest that COVID-19 was already spread in the southern part of Kyoto city at the early stage of pandemic.

scholarly journals Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes from Southern California Reveals Community Transmission Pathways in the Early Stage of the US COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
John Paul Govindavari ◽  
Brian Davis ◽  
Stephanie Chen ◽  
Jong Taek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
York State ◽  
The Us

AbstractGiven the higher mortality rate and widespread phenomenon of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) within the United States (US) population, understanding the mutational pattern of SARS CoV-2 has global implications for detection and therapy to prevent further escalation. Los Angeles has become an epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the US. Efforts to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 require identifying its genetic and geographic variation and understanding the drivers of these differences. For the first time, we report genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genome isolates in the Los Angeles population using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). Samples collected at Cedars Sinai Medical Center were collected from patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified and diagnosed 192 patients by our in-house qPCR assay. In this population, the highest frequency variants were in known mutations in the 5’UTR, AA193 protein, RdRp and the spike glycoprotein. SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the local community was tracked by integrating mutation data with patient postal codes with two predominant community spread clusters being identified. Notably, significant viral genomic diversity was identified. Less than 10% of the Los Angeles community samples resembled published mutational profiles of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from China, while >50% of the isolates shared closely similarities to those from New York State. Based on these findings we conclude SARS-CoV-2 was likely introduced into the Los Angeles community predominantly from New York State but also via multiple other independent transmission routes including but not limited to Washington State and China.

scholarly journals Research on evolution of collaboration mechanism of stakeholders in mining enterprises’ implementation of social responsibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxin Nie ◽  
Zhang Jingjing ◽  
Yang Luhan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple stakeholders are involved when mining enterprises assume their social responsibility, so a tripartite game pattern among local government, mining enterprises and local community is formed after supervision is introduced. By combining evolutionary game model with system dynamics for simulation analysis, this paper studies the dynamic game process among the three parties and we find out that: (1) local government, mining enterprises and local community will eventually reach a stable equilibrium state (supervision, participation,  performance), and it will simplify the evolutionary path of the stable equilibrium state when local government chooses supervision at the early stage; (2) local government plays a leading role in supervision, and the strategy choices of mining enterprises and local community depend on local government's strategy and the relationship between the size of exogenous; (3) the formation of the eventual stabilization strategy is decided by the joint action of multiple variables, although every single variable will affect the strategy choice of all parties, so local government should deal with the relationship between various stakeholders properly.

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