scholarly journals WHAT IN THE “HEEL” DO THEY FEEL? 15303

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Oral Presentation ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Plantar Surface

INTRODUCTION A typical gait pattern includes a heel strike, followed by a smooth transition to foot flat through loading response. Children with poor postural control and related gait deficits often present with anterior weight lines, which result in loss of first rocker and/or a fast transition from initial contact to footflat. The foot has many important jobs, including providing proprioceptive feedback. There are 104 cutaneous mechanoreceptors on the plantar surface of the foot.1 While most of the sensors are in the metatarsal/tarsal and toe regions, we cannot forget the role of the mechanoreceptors in the heel. Abstract PDF  Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32044/24458 How to cite: Smith M.  WHAT IN THE “HEEL” DO THEY FEEL? 15303. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32044 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.  http://www.aopanet.org/

scholarly journals Dynamic Principles of Gait and Their Clinical Implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Kuo ◽  
J. Maxwell Donelan
Keyword(s):  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Dynamic Walking ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Passive Stability ◽  
Inverted Pendulum Model ◽  
Pendulum Model ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Biomechanical Features

A healthy gait pattern depends on an array of biomechanical features, orchestrated by the central nervous system for economy and stability. Injuries and other pathologies can alter these features and result in substantial gait deficits, often with detrimental consequences for energy expenditure and balance. An understanding of the role of biomechanics in the generation of healthy gait, therefore, can provide insight into these deficits. This article examines the basic principles of gait from the standpoint of dynamic walking, an approach that combines an inverted pendulum model of the stance leg with a pendulum model of the swing leg and its impact with the ground. The heel-strike at the end of each step has dynamic effects that can contribute to a periodic gait and its passive stability. Biomechanics, therefore, can account for much of the gait pattern, with additional motor inputs that are important for improving economy and stability. The dynamic walking approach can predict the consequences of disruptions to normal biomechanics, and the associated observations can help explain some aspects of impaired gait. This article reviews the basic principles of dynamic walking and the associated experimental evidence for healthy gait and then considers how the principles may be applied to clinical gait pathologies.

scholarly journals Effect of Heel-First Strike Gait on Knee and Ankle Mechanics

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Shirin Aali ◽  
Farhad Rezazadeh ◽  
Georgian Badicu ◽  
Wilhelm Robert Grosz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heel Contact

Background and Objectives: Acquiring knowledge about the magnitude and direction of induced joint forces during modifying gait strategies is critical for proper exercise prescription. The present study aimed to evaluate whether a heel-first strike pattern during gait can affect the biomechanical characteristics of ankle and knee joints among asymptomatic people. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed in the biomechanics laboratory, 13 professional healthy male athletes walked on an instrumented walkway under two walking conditions. For the normal condition, subjects were instructed to walk as they normally would. For the heel-first strike condition, subjects were instructed to walk with heel-first strike pattern and increase heel contact duration as much as possible. Then, knee and ankle joint range of motions and moments, as well as vertical ground reaction force was measured by the Kistler force plate and Vicon motion analysis system. Results: Knee flexion angle at the initial contact and during stance phase was significantly lower when increasing the heel strike pattern. In addition, the mean values of the knee external rotation and adductor moments during heel strike condition were lower than those in normal walking. Further, the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) during mid-stance increased significantly during heel-first strike pattern compared to the value in normal gait pattern. Conclusions: The modification of gait pattern including heel-first strike pattern can reduce the mechanical load applied to the knee, while improving the extensibility of gastro-soleus muscle complex.

scholarly journals A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CRANIAL ORTHOTIC TREATMENT OF INFANTS WITH ISOLATED DEFORMATIONAL BRACHYCEPHALY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M Kelly ◽  
Edward Joganic ◽  
Stephen P Beals ◽  
Jeff A Riggs ◽  
Mary Kay McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Oral Presentation ◽  
Scientific Committee ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment ◽  
Orthotic Treatment ◽  
Entrance Age

OBJECTIVES The study objectives were to prospectively evaluate treatment results of infants presenting with isolated deformational brachycephaly following use of a cranial orthosis, and to investigate the role of entrance age on efficacy of treatment. Abstract PDF  Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32024/24441 How to cite: Kelly K.M, Joganic E, Beals S.P, Riggs J.A, McGuire M.K, Littlefield T.R. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CRANIAL ORTHOTIC TREATMENT OF INFANTS WITH ISOLATED DEFORMATIONAL BRACHYCEPHALY. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32024                                                                            Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.  http://www.aopanet.org/

Pain relief with elastic therapeutic taping

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-003381
Author(s):  
Ekta Gupta ◽  
Courtland Lee ◽  
Amy Ng ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Improvement

Background and purposeChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs in 19%–85% of patients undergoing cancer treatment. Due to the high symptom burden, specifically pain in the soles of feet, we explore the role of elastic therapeutic (ET) taping for treatment of CIPN.Case descriptionWe report two cases of patients with CIPN-induced foot pain while admitted to the hospital. Their background information, including chemotherapy history, treatments trialed and effects of ET on their pain, is discussed. Each patient underwent ET using the epidermis, dermis, fascia technique for CIPN. An occupational therapist applied ET to the plantar surface of both feet to the ankle with 0% stretch on the tape for 24–96 hours. We also showed the effect of symptom improvement in their individualized rehabilitation session following application of ET.OutcomesPain score, verbally documented by 10 point numerical pain rating scale, decreased by >50% in both patients within 24 hours of application. This reflects a substantial improvement in pain with the intervention of ET. This allowed for improved tolerance in engaging in functional mobility, with improvement in distances ambulated.DiscussionET taping of the distal leg and foot showed pain improvement for these two patients. Our findings suggest that a clinical trial aimed at better characterising the role of ET in these patients is justified.

The role of vision on postural strategy evaluated in patients affected by congenital nystagmus as an experimental model

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
S. Di Girolamo ◽  
W. Di Nardo ◽  
A. Cosenza ◽  
F. Ottaviani ◽  
A. Dickmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Congenital Nystagmus ◽  
Dynamic Posturography ◽  
Normal Controls

The role of vision in postural control is crucial and is strictly related to the characteristics of the visual stimulus and to the performance of the visual system. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of chronically reduced visual cues upon postural control in patients affected by Congenital Nystagmus (CN). These patients have developed since birth a postural strategy mainly based on vestibular and somatosensorial cues. Fifteen patients affected by CN and 15 normal controls (NC) were enrolled in the study and evaluated by means of dynamic posturography. The overall postural control in CN patients was impaired as demonstrated by the equilibrium score and by the changes of the postural strategy. This impairment was even more enhanced in CN than in NC group when somatosensorial cues were experimentally reduced. An aspecific pattern of visual impairment and a pathological composite score were also present. Our data outline that in patients affected by CN an impairment of the postural balance is present especially when the postural control relies mainly on visual cues. Moreover, a decrease in accuracy of the somatosensory cues has a proportionally greater effect on balance than it has on normal subjects.

Effects of hypothermic anesthesia of the feet on vibration-induced body sway and adaptation

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stål ◽  
P.A. Fransson ◽  
M. Magnusson ◽  
M. Karlberg
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Somatosensory Input ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Sensor Information ◽  
Ice Water

The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of information from the plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors in postural control and whether postural control could compensate for reduced cutaneous information by adaptation. Sixteen healthy subjects were tested with eyes open or eyes closed with hypothermic and normal feet temperature during posturography where body sway was induced by vibratory proprioceptive stimulation towards both calf muscles. The hypothermic anesthesia was obtained by cooling the subject's feet in ice water for 20 minutes. Body movements were evaluated by analyzing the anteroposterior and lateral torques induced towards the supporting surface by a force platform during the posturography tests. The reduction of cutaneous sensor information from the mechanoreceptors of the feet significantly increased the vibration-induced torque variance mainly in the anteroposterior direction. However, the effects of disturbed mechanoreceptors information was rapidly compensated for through postural adaptation and torque variance was in level with that without anesthesia within 50 to 100 seconds of stimulation, both when standing with eyes open and eyes closed. Our findings suggest that somatosensory input from mechanoreceptors in the foot soles contribute significantly in maintaining postural control, but the sensory loss could be compensated for.

The Role of the M.P. in Tanzania

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Authority Relationships ◽  
New States ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Military ◽  
National Legislatures

The study of politics in “developing” countries has tended to focus on the less formal organs of government, such as political parties, the military, the bureaucracy, and even the educational system. National legislatures have often been ignored or rated of little significance in the political processes of these states. This practice contrasts markedly with the attention paid to legislatures in Western states. The most obvious explanation for it is that legislatures in new states tend to have little influence. Important decisions and shifts in power are usually made or recorded elsewhere in the political system.The Bunge, or National Assembly, of Tanzania is no exception to this general phenomenon. Nevertheless, an examination of the role of M.P.'s in Tanzania can be illuminating. The Bunge contains most of the major political leaders and has, at least constitutionally, broad authority. As a consequence, if the Assembly is to be only a weak political body, then informal norms limiting the powers of the M.P.'s role must exist. Moreover, these norms should prescribe authority relationships between the legislature and other policy shaping bodies in the political system, particularly the Party. Thus, an analysis of the roles of these men can provide important insights not only into the functions of the Bunge, but also into the elite political culture of Tanzania and the pattern of politics which this culture supports.

Fertility and the transition dairy cow

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. R. Burke ◽  
M. A. Crookenden ◽  
A. Heiser ◽  
J. L. Loor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Transition Cow ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Metabolic Challenge

The transition from pregnancy to lactation (i.e. the transition period) is a time of significant metabolic challenge, with a several-fold increase in a cow’s requirement for energy, protein and minerals within days of calving. A successful transition involves the initiation and coordination of changes in multiple tissues that facilitate the provision of these nutrients to the cow and, more specifically, to the mammary gland, often at the considerable expense of other tissues. Failure to coordinate the necessary changes effectively results in transition period maladaptation, which can broadly be grouped into three categories: (1) negative energy balance and metabolic diseases associated with energy metabolism; (2) immune dysfunction and inflammation; and (3) metabolic diseases associated with mineral deficiency. Because reinitiation of ovarian activity, follicle recruitment, ovulation, fertilisation and, potentially, even maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation occur against the backdrop of this metabolic and immunological disturbance in early lactation, the role of nutrition in ensuring a smooth transition between the pregnant and lactating state is important. In this paper we integrate recent research findings with previous knowledge of the interaction between transition cow metabolism and nutrition and reproductive outcomes, and offer new insights into key elements of successful cow management to avoid transition ‘maladaptation’ and improve pregnancy rates.

Abstract 1656: Vegf Induces vWF Release via A VEGFR2/Tyr1175-PLC- gamma1 Pathway

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Yingqing Huo ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Xiaofan Lu ◽  
Jincai Luo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Chimeric Receptor ◽  
Vegf Receptors ◽  
Early Passage ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
C Terminus

Many endothelial inflammatory and prothrombotic mediators are stored in and rapidly released from Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), endothelium-specific storage organelles upon stimulation. The von Willebrand factor (vWF), a major component inside WPBs, mediates the initial contact of platelets with the injured vessel wall and thus plays an important role in haemostasis and thrombosis. It has previously been shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) triggers a rapid release of vWF. However, specific VEGF receptors and their potential downstream pathways involved in this process have not been carefully determined. To dissect the role of VEGF receptors in vWF release activation, we utilized two approaches: one is to use receptor-specific ligands and the other is to use a chimeric receptor approach. The ligands for VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), but not VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1), stimulated vWF release. The predominant role of VEGFR2 in vWF release regulation was further confirmed by using a chimeric receptor approach in which the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor was substituted for that of VEGFR1 or VEGFR2, and was then expressed in early-passage HUVECs. Further, the knockdown of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) suppressed VEGF-triggered intracellular calcium increase and blocked VEGF-induced vWF release. In addition, the two products of PLCγ1 hydrolysis, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), are both required for VEGF-induced vWF release. Finally, combined with point mutagenesis, the responsible binding sites for PLCγ1 and their importance in VEGFR2-activated vWF release have been determined. Point mutation of a single tyrosine residue Tyr1175, a putative binding site for PLCγ1 on the C-terminus, abolished VEGFR2-activated vWF release. This study presents the first evidence that the PLCγ1 is essential for VEGF-triggered vWF release mediated through a VEGFR2/Tyr1175 pathway.

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