scholarly journals Using the 3I+E Framework to assess provincial policy decisions for the sale of cannabis in Ontario, Saskatchewan and Quebec

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Sandhu ◽  
Guneet Saini ◽  
Elizabeth Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The Government

Objective: This paper examines policy decisions regarding public or private retail models chosen for the recreational use of cannabis in the provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan and Quebec to demonstrate the application of the 3I+E framework for policy analysis. Methods: The 3I+E framework includes considerations of institutions, interests, ideas and external factors that play a role in adopting a particular policy. A retrospective comparative approach using this framework was conducted. Relevant newspaper articles, press releases, consultation reports and primary policy papers were reviewed. Results: Ontario employed a mixed model for the sale of cannabis while Saskatchewan chose to fully privatize cannabis retail within the province and Quebec decided to sell through the public sector. Government institutions, particularly the party in power and the number of seats they hold, as well as existing policy legacies for alcohol retail, appeared to have a strong ability to influence policy decisions in all three jurisdictions. Interest groups, including municipal and labor unions and private cannabis companies had a limited role in swaying government decisions toward a particular model. Beliefs and values of citizens regarding cannabis retail did not appear to play a large role. In Ontario particularly, an external factor, namely a major political shift towards a conservative government had a large role in the mixed model chosen in the jurisdiction. Conclusion: Overall, the policy decision for cannabis retail is multifactorial and the interaction between stakeholders and interest groups with the government influences which model was ultimately chosen in each jurisdiction.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE DRAFT CIPTA KERJA BILL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RIGHTS TO ACHIEVE RESPONSIVE, ASPIRATIONAL AND PROGRESSIVE NATIONAL LAW DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rama Halim Nur Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Abstract:President Joko Widodo in 2018 revealed the government's target of making a law by means of the omnibus law to overcome the existence of regulatory obesity and overlapping regulations in Indonesia. One of the sectors the government has targeted for the enactment of the omnibus law is the employment sector. The drafting of the omnibus law bill on labor began in 2019 with the target completed within 100 days. At that time the draft law was called the Draft Cipta Lapangan Kerja Bill. However, in the draft last in February 2020 the draft law was named the Draft Cipta Kerja Bill. According to the Chairperson of the People's Legislative Assembly, Puan Maharani, in the DraftCipta Kerja Bill, which was made in an omnibus law, consisted of 79 laws. In the Draft Cipta Kerja Billnotonly includes the employment sector but also other sectors such as the environment. However, the Cipta Kerja Bill has so far drawn rejection from the public, laborers, activists, academics, and practitioners because it is considered in the drafting of the Cipta Kerja Bill that it has problems both formally and materially, even according to some experts the Cipta Kerja Bill has the potential to violate human rights if authorized. In this paper, we will discuss the existence of the omnibus law as one of the mechanisms for the formation of laws and regulations and how the problems in the Draft Cipta Kerja Bill. The method used in this research is a normative juridical method with the statutory and comparative approach. The results of this study are an analysis of the existence of the omnibus law as one of the mechanisms for the formation of legislation and the existence of a picture and a critical attitude towards the issue of the Cipta Kerja Bill. So that through this paper, it can be seen whether the drafting of the Cipta Kerja Bill is intended for the interests of the people or only for the sake of investment which will certainly sacrifice human rights and harm national interests.   Keywords: omnibus law, Draft CiptaKerja Bill, employment, human rights.   Abstrak:Presiden Joko Widodo pada tahun 2018 mengungkapkan target pemerintah yakni membuat suatu undang-undang dengan cara omnibus law untuk mengatasi adanya obesitas regulasi dan tumpang tindihnya regulasi di Indonesia. Salah satu sektor yang menjadi target pemerintah untuk dibuatkan undang-undang omnibus law adalah sektor ketenagakerjaan. Penyusunan rancangan undang-undang omnibus law tentang ketenagakerjaan dimulai sejak tahun 2019 dengan target selesai dalam waktu 100 hari. Saat itu rancangan undang-undang tersebut dinamakan Rancangan Undang-Undang Cipta Lapangan Kerja. Namun, dalam draft terakhir pada Februari 2020 rancangan undang-undang tersebut bernama Rancangan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja (RUU Cipta Kerja). Menurut Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Puan Maharani dalam RUU Cipta Kerja yang dibuat secara omnibus law tersebut terdiri dari 79 undang-undang. Dalam RUU Cipta Kerja tersebut tidak hanya memuat tentang sektor ketenagakerjaan saja tetapi juga sektor-sektor lainnya seperti lingkungan hidup. Tetapi, RUU Cipta Kerja tersebut hingga saat ini menuai penolakan baik dari masyarakat, buruh, aktivis, akademisi, dan praktisi karena dinilai dalam penyusunan RUU Cipta Kerja tersebut memiliki masalah baik secara formil maupun materiil bahkan menurut sebagian ahli RUU Cipta Kerja berpotensi melanggar hak asasi manusia apabila disahkan. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas mengenai bagaimana keberadaan omnibus law sebagai salah satu mekanisme pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dan bagaimana permasalahan dalam RUU Cipta Kerja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya analisis terhadap keberadaan omnibus law sebagai salah satu mekanisme pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dan adanya suatu gambaran dan sikap kritis terhadap permasalahan RUU Cipta Kerja. Sehingga melalui tulisan ini dapat terlihat apakah penyusunan RUU Cipta Kerja memang diperuntukkan kepentingan rakyat atau hanya demi kepentingan investasi semata yang tentunya akan mengorbankan hak asasi manusia dan merugikan kepentingan nasional.   Kata Kunci:omnibus law, RUU Cipta Kerja, ketenagakerjaan, hak asasi manusia.  

scholarly journals Micro Small-Level Enterprises (MSES) and Cooperatives in Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021

JASSP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Adam Khafi Ferdinand ◽  
Rinaldy Amrullah
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Government

Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning amendment the Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 (Presidential Regulation 12/2021) was the government efforts for micro small-level enterprises (MSEs) and cooperatives to be involved in the public procurement of goods and services. However, it still needs to be anticipated because there are always irregularities that usually occur, namely corruption. This research aims to determine how the amendment of the public procurement regulation in the Presidential Regulation 12/2021 especially for MSEs and cooperatives, and also how to assess the Presidential Regulation 12/2021 can reduce the potential for corruption in the process of public procurement. This research uses a normative method with a comparative approach and a statutory approach. The results of this research indicate the Presidential Regulation 12/2021 are the elimination of medium-level enterprises, the government's obligation to allocate a minimum budget of 40%, and also increase the budget ceiling for MSEs and cooperatives up to IDR 15 billion. E-Procurement for MSEs and cooperatives still has the potential for corruption, but with the new policy in the form of competency certification, and if there is an increase in regulations from the National Procurement Board (LKPP) in terms of provider qualifications, procurement can produce quality and efficient products.  Keywords: Cooperatives, Potential of Corruption, Presidential Regulation 12/2021, Government’s Procurement Goods and Services, Small-Level Enterprises (MSEs)

scholarly journals The impact of interest groups on government size-regional evidence from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Ersin Sağdıç ◽  
Öner Gümüş ◽  
Güner Tuncer
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Choice Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

This study is aimed to investigate the regional pressure groups' effect on the government size in Turkey. According to the public choice theory, elections, political parties, interest and pressure groups, and bureaucracy significantly affect the public production process. Among these actors, pressure and interest groups directly affect variables such as economic growth and public expenditures. In this study, panel data analysis was used to observe the regional effect. The research data set covered 81 provinces of Turkey and the period between 2006 and 2018. According to the results, it was found that interest and pressure groups increase the public expenditures in the less developed regions in Turkey. These results are consistent with the empirical and theoretical studies. For this reason, the study has an important contribution to the literature. This study offers significant conclusions that public economic policies might be under the influence of interest and pressure groups. Even if stated that the results of this study might have many economic, demographic, social, and political reasons regarding Turkey, in the context of public choice theory, it could be seen as a significant indicator of not using public expenditure policies as efficient instruments. This situation shows that public resources are not used efficiently in Turkey and the government has a negative effect on the economy. To eradicate this negative effect, governments coming to power in the future ought to produce economic, political, and social policies in order to decrease the regional differences dramatically in Turkey.

scholarly journals The Fragmentation of the Concept of the Refugee into Refugees and Asylum Seekers: Analysis of Recent Changes to Policy 2008 to 2013

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Humanitarian Values ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

The current Conservative government of Canada has implemented considerable restrictive changes to the refugee system in Canada, leading to increased vulnerability in the lives of people seeking asylum. A fragmentation of the concept of the Refugee into “refugees” and “asylum seekers” allows the Government of Canada to implement restrictive measures while still maintaining its humanitarian reputation and appearing to uphold its responsibilities as a signatory state to the 1951 Refugee Convention. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, this work examines the ways in which the Government of Canada, through press releases from Citizenship and Immigration Canada, readies the public to accept restrictive policy measures. Four discursive themes are identified: burden, humanitarian concern for “genuine” refugees, a focus on the transgressions of some asylum seekers, and a celebration of Canadian humanitarian values. Each discursive theme, and the resulting legitimizing narratives, makes use of the fragmentation of the concept of the refugee.

Good and Evil in the Chairmen's 'Boiler Plate': An Analysis of Corporate Visions of the 1970s

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Public Interest Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The U.S

Boiler plates, the chairman's message that begins each corporation's annual report, provide a reflection of the self-image of American big business. This paper uses the method of dramatism for discovering and interpreting corporate dramas inherent in the language of the boiler plates of the Dow Jones Industrials. The U.S. economy of the 1970s provides the dramatic setting, with the company as hero, the government as villain and public interest groups as minor players. The overriding corporate drama can be traced to the archetypal drama of pure competition. Understanding corporate dramas allows us to see how companies create a shared rhetorical vision to unify their shareholders with management and employees, label actions as good or evil, and influence the public by putting forward a positive corporate self-image.

scholarly journals STRATEGI KAMPANYE PUBLIC AFFAIRS DALAM ORGANISASI NON PROFIT

Gunahumas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Welsi Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan strategi public affairs dalam kampanye yang dilakukan oleh Gerakan Indonesia Diet Kantong Plastik (GIDKP). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa GIDKP menggunakan strategi public affairs dengan melakukan pendekatan terhadap pemerintah, kelompok kepentingan dan media. Pendekatan terhadap pemerintah dengan strategi direct lobbying dan grassroot lobbying. Pendekatan terhadap kelompok kepentingan dengan strategi engagement dan opinion leader. GIDKP menjadi mediator antara Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) dan Asosiasi Peritel Indonesia (Aprindo) jika terjadi konflik. Strategi pendekatan terhadap media yaitu proactive communications dengan melakukan kontak langsung seperti siaran pers dan konferensi pers. Selain itu pendekatan media menggunakan strategi semi control dengan teknik menjadi pembicara atau narasumber di siaran media. Strategi pendekatan media yang terakhir adalah bypassing dengan mengembangkan media alternatif yang menfaatkan teknologi saat ini. Kata kunci : Strategi publik; Kampanye; Organisasi non profit Abstract The purpose of this study is to describe the public affairs strategy in the campaign carried out by Gerakan Indonesia Diet Kantong Plastik (GIDKP). The results of this study indicate that GIDKP uses a public affairs strategy by approaching the government, interest groups and the media. Approach the government with direct lobbying and grassroot lobbying strategies. Approach to interest groups with engagement strategies and opinion leaders. GIDKP becomes a mediator between the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) and the Indonesian Retailers Association (Aprindo) in the event of a conflict. The approach to the media strategy is proactive communications by making direct contact such as press releases and press conferences. In addition, the media approach uses a semi control strategy with the technique of being a speaker or resource person in media broadcasts. The last media approach strategy is bypassing by developing alternative media that utilize current technology. Keywords : public strategy; campaign; non-profit organization

scholarly journals Public Participation and the Governance of Mineral Resources in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Rangarirai Chikova ◽  
Alouis Chilunjika
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Budget ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Crucial Ingredient

Public participation in policy issues by the locals is a crucial ingredient that guarantees the success of any policy decision, national project and public programme.  Public participation should permeate every sphere of governance. In this vein, Zimbabwe is endowed with numerous mineral resources. The indigenous Zimbabwean are statutorily deemed as the owners of the mineral resources hence their participation in policy processes and spaces that relate to the governance of natural resources is pertinent. However, it was noted that the Zimbabwean population is not fully benefiting from the extraction of these mineral resources. The paper therefore explores the magnitude and essence of public participation in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe. In achieving this, the paper is informed by Arnstein’s ladder of participation as the theoretical framework. In addition, data was gathered from documentary review and in-depth interviews with key informants. The study observed that public participation in respect of mineral governance can be undertaken through public hearing meetings, national budget consultative meetings and alternative mining indabas. However, the current level of participation is within the range of non-participation and lower tokenism. In addition, there is also lack of feedback and information flows in one direction from the Government officials to the citizens. The Government does not really take seriously the contributions from the public. The study therefore proffered some recommendations to enhance the levels of knowledge and participation by the public in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe.

Role Contestation in Making Foreign Policy Decisions: Digraph and Game Theory Models

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
The Government

The concept of role contestation has emerged within the recent renaissance of role theory in foreign policy analysis, which has taken hold among international relations scholars on both sides of the Atlantic. Role contestation is a novel theoretical perspective on the process of role location that complements the more established concepts of role strain, role competition, and role conflict identified earlier by the role theory literature in the subfield of Foreign Policy Analysis. It refers to the process that occurs within states as their decision units debate and decide what role to select in relations with another state in the regional or global international system. The process of horizontal role contestation occurs among elites inside the government while the process of vertical role contestation occurs between elites and interest groups outside the government. These role contestation processes can also extend to interactions before and after a foreign policy decision. Role contestation processes are part of a larger process of role location that refers to various stages of evolution and transition in the enactment of role and counter-role between Ego and Alter as states construct role conceptions, exchange cues, and adapt to structural role demands in their respective decision making environments. The focus will be limited to the analysis of horizontal role contestation as a causal mechanism that describes and explains how the foreign policy decision making process among elites leads to foreign policy decisions. Digraph models represent the process of debate among elites as they deliberate over the selection of ends and means prior to making a foreign policy decision. Game theory models represent how the decision is likely to be carried out as a strategy of role enactment. Illustrative applications of this two-stage modeling strategy from recent research into Britain’s appeasement decisions in the late 1930s reveal two patterns: bilateral role contestation between Prime Minister Chamberlain and Foreign Secretary Eden in March 1938 over the appropriate enactment of a Partner role toward Italy and multilateral role contestation among members of the British Cabinet over the enactment of a Partner vs. Rival role toward Germany during the Sudeten crisis in September 1938. The outcome in the first case was a victory for Chamberlain in the wake of Eden’s resignation; however, in the second case the Cabinet majority altered the prime minister’s initial appeasement tactics in favor of deterrence tactics later in the crisis. This shift foreshadowed a subsequent British role reversal from Partner to Rival toward Germany in 1939.

A New Approach to the Law of Foreign Investments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidal-León Christian
Keyword(s):  
Policy Decision ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Inclusive Process ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
Domestic Investments ◽  
The Government

This chapter analyzes South Africa's decision to terminate its investment treaties and the underlying objectives of South Africa's new investment regime, namely: (1) reinforcing the ‘sovereign right to regulate in the public interest’; (2) doing away with international investment arbitration; and (3) placing foreign and domestic investments on an equal footing. It examines the standards of investment protection not explicitly laid down in the Promotion and Protection of Investment Bill 2013 and inquires whether these standards are otherwise protected by the constitution or other laws. The chapter concludes that whilst South Africa's policy decision on its investment protection regime is open to debate, the government has followed a comprehensive, transparent, and inclusive process, in which relevant stakeholders have been heard and with which they have engaged.

scholarly journals HALAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) PRODUCTS IN PATEMON VILLAGE, KREJENGAN DISTRICT, PROBOLINGGO REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dyah Ochtorina Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Product Certification ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This research is motivated by the fact that there are still products of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Patemon Village, Krejengan District, Probolinggo Regency, which do not yet have a halal certificate, because the product does not meet the halal criteria and the public does not understand about the characteristics of halal. This study aims to analyze and provide an understanding about the characteristics of halal, especially on MSME products in Patemon Village, Krejengan District, Probolinggo Regency. The method used in this research is normative legal research with the statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The result of this research showed that halal characteristics of MSME products in Patemon Village can be seen from 2 (two) aspects, namely the material and the process of making it or the event to get it. Therefore, it is suggested that the MSME product producers in Patemon Village to immediately take care of their halal product certification and to the government to disseminate information to the public regarding about characteristics of halal on MSME products.  

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