In vivo test on the relationship between Candida hypersensitivity and reagin

Objective:Genus Garcinia is well-known having rich xanthone compound contents and several of those are having biological activity as antimalarial. The aims of this research wereto determine in vivoantiplasmodialactivityof dichloromethane-ethyl acetate-methanol fractions of Mundu’s bark (Garciniadulcis (Roxb.) Kurz) especially fraction Vagainst Plasmodium bergheiand to determineeffective dose.Methods: Making fraction V from ethyl acetate extractsof Mundu’s bark with vacuum column chromatographymethod was applied using dichloromethane-ethyl acetate-methanol. The product was monitored by thin layer chromatography using silica gel GF-254 and a mobile phase of chloroform: ethyl acetate (6:4).The same profiles from eluent composed fraction 18 and 19 were categorized as fraction V.Those were tested in each of groups animals with a doseof 12.5; 25; 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Antimalarial activityassessments have been performed with the in vivoPlasmodium bergheitest. Plasmodial activity was obtained by calculating percentage of parasitaemia, parasitaemia inhibition and ED50 determination. ED50value determined based on the relationship between dose and the percentage of parasite growth inhibition by probit analysis.Results: In this research, Antiplasmodial activity of fraction V from Mundu’s bark displayed in dose of 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw with inhibition parasite growth by values of 47.255% and 12.761%, respectively.Conclusion: According to the research, fraction V of Mundu’s bark (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz) had the most potential antiplasmodial activity by in vivo test for male Swiss-Webster mice. The value of ED50 was reached by 47.424 mg/kg bw. Keywords: Mundu’s bark, Antiplasmodial activity, ED50.

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Grasping pressures and phalangeal curvature in primates : an experimental in vivo approach

10.32469/10355/49074 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kimberly A. Congdon

Keyword(s):

Complex Model ◽

Primate Species ◽

Digital Form ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Varecia Rubra ◽

The Relationship ◽

Internal Strains ◽

Fossil Primate

Phalangeal curvature is often used to infer arboreal locomotion in fossil primate species. This is based off an hypothesis of plasticity linked to a loading model that suggests that, when flexed during grasping, a curved phalanx will experience lower internal strains than a straight phalanx. This dissertation is the first in vivo test of this hypothesis. By examining grasping pressures exerted by individual manual and pedal digits during above-branch, below-branch and vertical-branch locomotion, and comparing those pressures to proximal manual and pedal phalangeal curvature, a number of well-accepted but untested hypotheses regarding the relationship between digital form and grasping were tested. 4 adults (2 males, 2 females) each from 4 species of lemur (Lemur catta, Propithecus coquereli, Varecia rubra) were induced to cross an artificial substrate instrumented with a pressure pad at the stated orientations. Digital pressures were then compared to the proximal phalangeal curvature of the same individuals. Findings do not demonstrate any relationship between arboreal grasping at any orientation and digital pressures. This project fails to support previously long-held hypotheses regarding the biological role of phalangeal curvature, and introduces the strong likelihood that a much more complex model of loading is necessary to understand primate phalangeal curvature. Until such a model is devised and tested, using phalangeal curvature to infer arboreal behavior is unsupportable, and should be avoided.

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Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053711 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

M.J. Murphy ◽

R.R. Price ◽

J.C. Sloman

Keyword(s):

Cultured Cells ◽

Human Tumor ◽

Cell Type ◽

Tumor Mass ◽

Initial Cell ◽

Cloning Assay ◽

Human Tumor Cloning ◽

The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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Do Extra-Platelet Sources Contribute to the Plasma Level of Thrombospondin?

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1642769 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 59 (02) ◽

pp. 273-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J Dawes ◽

D A Pratt ◽

M S Dewar ◽

F E Preston

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Background Concentration ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Bone Marrow Depression ◽

Serial Sampling ◽

Control Serum ◽

Platelet Release ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

The Relationship

SummaryThrombospondin, a trimeric glycoprotein contained in the platelet α-granules, has been proposed as a marker of in vivo platelet activation. However, it is also synthesised by a range of other cells. The extraplatelet contribution to plasma levels of thrombospondin was therefore estimated by investigating the relationship between plasma thrombospondin levels and platelet count in samples from profoundly thrombocytopenic patients with marrow hypoplasia, using the platelet-specific α-granule protein β-thromboglobulin as control. Serum concentrations of both proteins were highly correlated with platelet count, but while plasma β-thromboglobulin levels and platelet count also correlated, there was no relationship between the number of platelets and thrombospondin concentrations in plasma. Serial sampling of patients recovering from bone marrow depression indicated that the plasma thrombospondin contributed by platelets is superimposed on a background concentration of at least 50 ng/ml probably derived from a non-platelet source, and plasma thrombospondin levels do not simply reflect platelet release.

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Defibrotide Inhibits Platelet Activation by Cathepsin G Released From Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648519 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 67 (06) ◽

pp. 660-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Virgilio Evangelista ◽

Paola Piccardoni ◽

Giovanni de Gaetano ◽

Chiara Cerletti

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activation ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Cathepsin G ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Test Models ◽

Antithrombotic Effects

SummaryDefibrotide is a polydeoxyribonucleotide with antithrombotic effects in experimental animal models. Most of the actions of this drug have been observed in in vivo test models but no effects have been reported in in vitro systems. In this paper we demonstrate that defibrotide interferes with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced human platelet activation in vitro. This effect was not related to any direct interaction with polymorphonuclear leukocytes or platelets, but was due to the inhibition of cathepsin G, the main biochemical mediator of this cell-cell cooperation. Since cathepsin G not only induces platelet activation but also affects some endothelial cell functions, the anticathepsin G activity of defibrotide could help to explain the antithrombotic effect of this drug.

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Dose Requirement for Replacement Therapy in Hemophilia A

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1666930 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (03) ◽

pp. 825-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Allain

Keyword(s):

Clinical Effect ◽

Hemophilia A ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Severe Hemophilia ◽

Dose Requirement ◽

Viii Level ◽

The Relationship ◽

In Vivo Recovery ◽

Different Doses

SummaryIn order to determine the correlation between different doses of F. VIII and their clinical effect,. 70 children with severe hemophilia A were studied after treatment with single doses of cryoprecipitate. The relationship between plasma F. VIII levels or doses calculated in u/ kg of body weight and clinical results followed an exponential curve. Plasma F. VIII levels of 0.35 and 0.53 u/ml corresponded to 95 and 99% satisfactory treatment, respectively. Similar clinical results were obtained with 20 and 31 u/kg. When the in vivo recovery of F. VIII after lyophilized cryoprecipitate was 0.015 u/ml for each u/kg injected, plasma F. VIII levels of 0.30 and 0.47 u/ml respectively were achieved. Since home treatment is largely based on single infusions of F. VIII, it is suggested that moderate and severe hemorrhages be treated with a dose which will provide a plasma F. VIII level of 0.5 u/ml.

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Shall I trust you? From child human-robot interaction to trusting relationships

10.31234/osf.io/jqfwp ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Cinzia Di Dio ◽

Federico Manzi ◽

Giulia Peretti ◽

Angelo Cangelosi ◽

Paul L. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Pattern ◽

Human Robot Interaction ◽

School Age Children ◽

Social Relevance ◽

Robot Interaction ◽

Cognitive Correlates ◽

The Social ◽

The Relationship

Studying trust within human-robot interaction is of great importance given the social relevance of robotic agents in a variety of contexts. We investigated the acquisition, loss and restoration of trust when preschool and school-age children played with either a human or a humanoid robot in-vivo. The relationship between trust and the quality of attachment relationships, Theory of Mind, and executive function skills was also investigated. No differences were found in children’s trust in the play-partner as a function of agency (human or robot). Nevertheless, 3-years-olds showed a trend toward trusting the human more than the robot, while 7-years-olds displayed the reverse behavioral pattern, thus highlighting the developing interplay between affective and cognitive correlates of trust.

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Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis: is there a link between lipids and bone?

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1258/0004563021902134 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

John R Burnett ◽

Samuel D Vasikaran

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Bone Density ◽

Vascular Calcification ◽

Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽

The Relationship

Atherosclerotic heart disease and osteoporosis are both diseases of old age. Evidence is accumulating for a link between vascular and bone disease. Calcification is a common feature of atherosclerotic plaques, and osteoporosis is associated with both atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. However, the relationship of vascular calcification to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood. Hormone replacement therapy has beneficial effects in the prevention of both atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, whereas the statins inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and are used for the treatment of atherosclerosis. We have reviewed recent advances in the knowledge of the actions of bisphosphonates and statins at the cellular, molecular and end-organ levels in order to examine the relationship between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and to explore the link between lipids and bones. These studies suggest that the mechanism of actions of these two classes of drugs at the cellular level may not be mutually exclusive. There are some early clinical data to complement these findings, suggesting that statins increase bone density and bisphosphonates may have a beneficial effect in vivo on plasma lipid levels and on the atherosclerotic process. Properly designed prospective studies that examine the effect of statins on bone density and fractures, as well as the effects of bisphosphonates on lipid profiles, atherosclerotic progression and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are needed to define clearly the clinical effects and potential new roles for these agents.

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Comparative Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Contaminant of Live Poultry Vaccines

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299802600508 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 629-634

Author(s):

Emiliana Falcone ◽

Edoardo Vignolo ◽

Livia Di Trani ◽

Simona Puzelli ◽

Maria Tollis

Keyword(s):

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Serological Response ◽

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Animal Testing ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Infectious Bronchitis

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for identifying avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry vaccines, and the serological response to IBV induced by the inoculation of chicks with a Newcastle disease vaccine spiked with the Massachusetts strain of IBV, were compared for their ability to detect IBV as a contaminant of avian vaccines. The sensitivity of the IBV-RT-PCR assay provided results which were at least equivalent to the biological effect produced by the inoculation of chicks, allowing this assay to be considered a valid alternative to animal testing in the quality control of avian immunologicals. This procedure can easily be adapted to detect a number of contaminants for which the in vivo test still represents the only available method of detection.

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Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis

Cell Death Discovery ◽

10.1038/s41420-021-00437-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi Xin She ◽

Qing Yang Yu ◽

Xiao Xiao Tang

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Future Directions ◽

Regulation Mechanisms ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Multiple Cells ◽

The Relationship

AbstractInterleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.

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