scholarly journals Environmental Performance Assessment of Batch Type Hot Mix Plant Using LCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Environmental Performance Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The environmental impacts from production of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) in batch Hot Mix Plant (HMP) has been evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The hot mix technology has been in use since long time for production of HMA used in construction of road pavements. The functional unit adopted is 100 tonnes of HMA production and CML 2001 method is used for assessment using GaBi 10.5. The study found that the production of HMA in batch HMP had very high environmental impacts on marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP) impact category (8,25,573 kg DCB eq.), abiotic depletion fossil (ADP fossil) (2,87,295 MJ) impact category and global warming potential (GWP) impact category (2,770 kg CO2 eq.). The raw material phase had higher environmental impacts compared to production process phase on all the impact categories. It was also concluded that the use of renewable energy and fuel and adoption of cold mix technology will reduce the environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Reducing environmental impacts from garments through best practice garment use and care, using the example of a Merino wool sweater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Wiedemann ◽  
Leo Biggs ◽  
Quan V. Nguyen ◽  
Simon J. Clarke ◽  
Kirsi Laitala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Multiple Users ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Garment production and use generate substantial environmental impacts, and the care and use are key determinants of cradle-to-grave impacts. The present study investigated the potential to reduce environmental impacts by applying best practices for garment care combined with increased garment use. A wool sweater is used as an example because wool garments have particular attributes that favour reduced environmental impacts in the use phase. Methods A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare six plausible best and worst-case practice scenarios for use and care of a wool sweater, relative to current practices. These focussed on options available to consumers to reduce impacts, including reduced washing frequency, use of more efficient washing machines, reduced use of machine clothing dryers, garment reuse by multiple users, and increasing number of garment wears before disposal. A sixth scenario combined all options. Worst practices took the worst plausible alternative for each option investigated. Impacts were reported per wear in Western Europe for climate change, fossil energy demand, water stress and freshwater consumption. Results and discussion Washing less frequently reduced impacts by between 4 and 20%, while using more efficient washing machines at capacity reduced impacts by 1 to 6%, depending on the impact category. Reduced use of machine dryer reduced impacts by < 5% across all indicators. Reusing garments by multiple users increased life span and reduced impacts by 25–28% across all indicators. Increasing wears from 109 to 400 per garment lifespan had the largest effect, decreasing impacts by 60% to 68% depending on the impact category. Best practice care, where garment use was maximised and care practices focussed on the minimum practical requirements, resulted in a ~ 75% reduction in impacts across all indicators. Unsurprisingly, worst-case scenarios increased impacts dramatically: using the garment once before disposal increased GHG impacts over 100 times. Conclusions Wool sweaters have potential for long life and low environmental impact in use, but there are substantial differences between the best, current and worst-case scenarios. Detailed information about garment care and lifespans is needed to understand and reduce environmental impacts. Opportunities exist for consumers to rapidly and dramatically reduce these impacts. The fashion industry can facilitate this through garment design and marketing that promotes and enables long wear life and minimal care.

scholarly journals Markers of hikikomori in young people dur

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Inna Chuhueva ◽  
Viktoriia Sakovska
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
New Era ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The article summarizes the definition of the term “hikikomori”, analyzes the situation of quarantine restriction: its essence and features of the impact on adolescence. Peculiarities of manifestation of hikikomori markers at adolescence are determined. We consider the studied phenomenon in the system of approaches like a way to meet needs, as a set of manifestations of syndromes of a new era, as a psychological defence mechanism, as a psychological state and process. Depending on the intensity of markers, we divide hikikomori into counter-dependent, poorly adaptable and interdependent, super dependent. The parameters that determine the level of manifestations of hikikomori include antisocial solitude at home, antisocially with leaving the house, selective society. The levels of manifestation of hikikomori include physical, emotional, social. Quarantine restrictions, as unusual living conditions that require forced solitude, selfisolation can be a factor that encourages the emergence of markers of hikikomori in adolescents. Such people have a shift in activity in cyberspace and at night, inseparable stay with the gadget (during meals, in the bathroom, in the toilet, etc.). Neglect of the organization of life (do not clean the bed after sleep, do not clean the room for a long time, do not change clothes during the day and wear night pyjamas around the clock, neglect a healthy diet, eat outside the regime, mostly fast food, etc.). In communication with others, they show irritability with the desire to avoid contact and solitude in their room. Also, at such a person, disorganization of educational activity hastily is observed. It is difficult for them to organize the learning process; they show procrastination (postponement of tasks). If the classes are as videoconferencing, they do not include video and microphone. They are away from contact with the group and the teacher, even if they need contact for feedback, they ignore it. An empirical study of the susceptibility to hikikomori markers in adolescents revealed that about 40% of subjects have a high susceptibility to hikikomori markers, and almost 11% of young men – very high.

scholarly journals Waste production and waste management in the EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
S Matušková ◽  
M Taušová ◽  
L Domaracká ◽  
P Tauš
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The constant growth of the population increases the demands on raw material resources, which is reflected in increasing pressure on the environment. The impact of mankind on the environment is nowadays an increasingly acute problem, which is being addressed by the governments of individual countries, not only the EU, through legislative interventions. The most addressed areas are the issue of production and subsequent waste management. Waste production in the world has been growing for a long time, which causes considerable problems for individual countries. Each country is currently looking for the optimal way of waste management to reuse it as secondary raw material. In this paper, we analysed twenty-eight EU countries in terms of production and waste management and found significant differences between countries. We looked for factors that lead to different results between countries in the production and management of waste, based on the population, the size of the country to the indicators of living standards, and legislation applicable to those countries.

scholarly journals PEMBINAAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN COLEK DI TEMBESI TOWER KELURAHAN TEMBESI

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Hazimah Hazimah ◽  
Zefri Azharman
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
New Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Medium Businesses ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

UKM (small and medium enterprises) in the Tembesi Tower, Tembesi sub-district, are not developing well. This is indicated by the low turnover obtained by each UKM (small and medium enterprise) in 1 month. customer expectations. New products must be made so that these small and medium businesses can survive and continue to exist. The new product must have a distinctive and good quality so that the product positioning is clearer and able to compete with other products on the market. This service activity aims to provide a solution to this by creating a new product in the form of a dab soap that is safe for health and environmentally friendly. Some soaps circulating in the market only prioritize cleaning power, but the chemical content in the soap is harmful to health and the environment. The impact of conventional soap on health is irritation of the skin which, if left for a long time, the irritation will turn into eczema. In addition, conventional soap also harms the environment because the raw material for soap comes from petroleum which is difficult to be broken down by bacteria. Community service activities are carried out in the form of coaching. The service team expects to increase the income and advantages of UKM (small and medium businesses) in the Tembesi Tower and to be able to create jobs or open a business with a revolutionary cream soap product design.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Waves and Strength Reduction Indexes for the Assessment of the Advancement of Deterioration Processes in Travertines from Pamukkale and Hierapolis (Turkey)

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Alicja Bobrowska ◽  
Andrzej Domonik
Keyword(s):  
Strength Loss ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Geomechanical Properties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In constructions, the usefulness of modern technical diagnostics of stone as a raw material requires predicting the effects of long-term environmental impact of its qualities and geomechanical properties. The paper presents geomechanical research enabling presentation of the factors for strength loss of the stone and forecasting the rate of development of destructive phenomena on the stone structure on a long-time basis. As research material Turkish travertines were selected from the Denizli-Kaklık Basin (Pamukkale and Hierapolis quarries), which have been commonly used for centuries in global architecture. The rock material was subjected to testing of the impact of various environmental factors, as well as European standards recommended by the author of the research program. Their resistance to the crystallization of salts from aqueous solutions and the effects of SO2, as well as the effect of frost and high temperatures are presented. The studies allowed establishing the following quantitative indicators: the ultrasonic waves index (IVp) and the strength reduction index (IRc). Reflections on the assessment of deterioration effects indicate that the most active factors decreasing travertine resistance in the aging process include frost and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Their negative influence is particularly intense when the stone material is already strongly weathered.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments of an Innovative FRP Composite Footbridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13000
Author(s):  
Timothy Jena ◽  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Sustainable construction and the design of low-carbon structures is a major concern for the UK construction industry. FRP composite materials are seen as a suitable alternative to traditional construction materials due to their high strength and light weight. Network Rail has developed a prototype for a new innovative footbridge made entirely from FRP with the aim of replacing the current steel design for footbridges. This study conducted a life cycle analysis of this novel composite footbridge design to quantify the cost and environmental benefits. An LCA and LCC analysis framework was used to analyse the environmental impacts and cost savings of the bridge throughout its lifespan from raw material extraction to its end of life. From the results of the LCA and LCC, the FRP footbridge sustainability was reviewed and compared to a standard steel footbridge. Due to the uncertainty of the fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) structure’s lifespan, multiple scenarios for longevity at the assets-use stage were studied. The study revealed that the FRP bridge offered substantial economic savings whilst presenting potentially worse environmental impacts, mainly caused by the impact of the production of FRP materials. However, our study also demonstrated the influences of uncertainties related to the glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) material design life and end-of-life disposal on the whole life cycle analyses. The results show that if the FRP footbridge surpasses its original estimation for lifespan, the economic savings can be increased and the environmental impacts can be reduced substantially.

scholarly journals Autochthonous Biological Resources for the Production of Regional Craft Beers: Exploring Possible Contributions of Cereals, Hops, Microbes, and Other Ingredients

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Nicola De Simone ◽  
Pasquale Russo ◽  
Maria Tufariello ◽  
Mariagiovanna Fragasso ◽  
Michele Solimando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Craft Beers

Selected biological resources used as raw materials in beer production are important drivers of innovation and segmentation in the dynamic market of craft beers. Among these resources, local/regional ingredients have several benefits, such as strengthening the connection with territories, enhancing the added value of the final products, and reducing supply costs and environmental impacts. It is assumed that specific ingredients provide differences in flavours, aromas, and, more generally, sensory attributes of the final products. In particular, of interest are ingredients with features attributable and/or linked to a specific geographical origin. This review encompasses the potential contribution and exploitation of biodiversity in the main classes of beer inputs, such as cereals, hops, microbes, and adjuncts, with a specific emphasis on autochthonous biological resources, detailing the innovative paths already explored and documented in the scientific literature. This dissertation proposes an overview of the impact on beer quality for each raw material category, highlighting the benefits and limitations that influence its concrete applications and scale-up, from the field to the stain. The topics explored promote, in the sector of craft beers, trends already capitalised in the production of other alcoholic beverages, such as the preservation and revalorisation of minor and autochthonous varieties, the exploitation of yeast and bacteria strains isolated from specific sites/plant varieties, and the valorisation of the effects of peculiar terroirs on the quality of agricultural products. Finally, the examined tendencies contribute toward reducing the environmental impacts of craft beer manufacturing, and are in line with sustainable development of food systems, increasing the economic driver of biodiversity preservation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Cement Production in Algeria Using Life Cycle Assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
S. Boughrara ◽  
M. Chedri ◽  
K. Louhab
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

The aim of this study is the use of Life Cycle Assessment, to evaluate the impact generated by cement manufactory situated in Sour EL Ghozlane town in Algeria country, which use the dry process to produce cement Portland. The LCA method is used for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of energy, raw material and environmental impacts directly attributable to the manufacture and functioning of a product throughout its life. It is also used to determine element and energy contributing to each impact evaluated. Potentials impacts are evaluated using the SimaProV.7.1 software and IMPACT2000+ method in this study.

scholarly journals Impact of Service Life on the Environmental Performance of Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahana Janjua ◽  
Prabir Sarker ◽  
Wahidul Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Cumulative Energy Demand ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Environmental Performance Assessment ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact

The environmental performance assessment of the building and construction sector has been in discussion due to the increasing demand of facilities and its impact on the environment. The life cycle studies carried out over the last decade have mostly used an approximate life span of a building without considering the building component replacement requirements and their service life. This limitation results in unreliable outcomes and a huge volume of materials going to landfill. This study was performed to develop a relationship between the service life of a building and building components, and their impact on environmental performance. Twelve building combinations were modelled by considering two types of roof frames, two types of wall and three types of footings. A reference building of a 50-year service life was used in comparisons. Firstly, the service life of the building and building components and the replacement intervals of building components during active service life were estimated. The environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) was carried out for all the buildings and results are presented on a yearly basis in order to study the impact of service life. The region-specific impact categories of cumulative energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption and land use are used to assess the environmental performance of buildings. The analysis shows that the environmental performance of buildings is affected by the service life of a building and the replacement intervals of building components.

scholarly journals Environmental Sustainability through Green Business Process Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Roohy Gohar ◽  
Marta Indulska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Business Process Management ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Green Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Performance Indicators

The climate change phenomenon, directly or indirectly, affects industries and nations. Governments and organizations have been challenged to identify their environmental impacts to address environmental sustainability issues. A promising, yet under-studied in this context, theme of information systems (IS) literature that has the potential to help with identifying, quantifying and managing environmental impacts is business process management (BPM). With its focus on continual process performance improvement, the capacity of BPM to contribute to Environmental Sustainability (ES) needs to be further explored. Yet, contributions from the BPM research community and the impact of these contributions appear to be fragmented. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review to explore BPM contributions to ES, with a focus on environmental performance indicators (EPIs) as well as relevant organizational factors related to ES and BPM. In doing so, we identify and explore ‘Green BPM’ contributions and suggest ways to advance BPM research in the context of ES.

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