scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF IRON SAND PROCESSING INTO SPONGE IRON IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY OF STEEL RAW MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sovian Aritonang ◽  
Jupriyanto Jupriyanto ◽  
Riyadi Juhana
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Iron Sponge ◽  
The Government

<p>The number of iron sand reserves is mostly spread in the coastal waters of Indonesia, from the coast of Sumatra, the southern of Java to Bali, the beaches of Sulawesi, beaches in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and the northern coast of Papua. Total reserves for ore are 173,810,612 tons and metal as much as 25,412,652.62 tons. But its utilization was not optimal because PT. Krakatau Steel, and PT. Krakatau Posco has produced steel plates only 24,000 to 36,000 tons per year. While the need for steel plates for the shipping industry each year requires 900,000 tons per year. With the need for raw material for steel plates in the form of iron sponges with Fe ≥ 60%, PT. Krakatau Steel is still imported from abroad. The proof is PT. Krakatau Steel before and during the year 2000 still imported Iron Ore Pellets from the countries of Sweden, Chille and Brazil for 3,500,000 tons per year. This condition is the cause of the national steel industry unable to compete with the foreign steel industry because imported raw materials are subject to import duties. This is an opportunity to build a steel raw material company because all this time the steel raw material industry in Indonesia has only two companies. This condition encourages the manufacture of iron sponges, with the process of making iron sponges with technology adapted to installed production capacity. This study analysed the manufacture of iron sponges using Cipatujah iron sand, as raw material for the manufacture of iron sponges, with the results obtained in the form of iron sponges with the highest levels of Fe ≥60.44%. This can be used for the purposes of raw materials for steel making PT. Krakatau Steel (PT. KS), because so far PT. KS claims that Fe &lt;60% local sponge iron products. This can encourage the independence of steel raw materials, which impacts on the independence of the defence industry. But the government must also protect and prioritize steel raw materials for national production for national steel production. With the national government steel industry, the consortium of vendors supplying raw material (iron sponge) to maintain the quality and supply of continuous sponge iron.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: iron sand, iron pellet, iron sponge</p>

Computer Vision-Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry through Differential Techniques and Performance Evaluation

2014 ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
K. C. Manjunatha ◽  
H. S. Mohana ◽  
P. A. Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Video Input

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision-based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent processes and raw material handling. This chapter presents an approach for a vision-based system that performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel-making industry. At single camera level, a vision-based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels-based differential techniques, optical flow, and motion-based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction; the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors implement a smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection has a single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials, which are moving with raw materials, and taking immediate action at the same stage as the material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

Computer Vision-Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry Through Differential Techniques and Performance Evaluation

2018 ◽  
pp. 1820-1837
Author(s):  
K. C. Manjunatha ◽  
H. S. Mohana ◽  
P. A. Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Video Input

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision-based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent processes and raw material handling. This chapter presents an approach for a vision-based system that performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel-making industry. At single camera level, a vision-based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels-based differential techniques, optical flow, and motion-based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction; the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors implement a smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection has a single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials, which are moving with raw materials, and taking immediate action at the same stage as the material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

Machine Vision Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection and Removal on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry through Differential Techniques

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
K. C. Manjunatha ◽  
H. S. Mohana ◽  
P. A. Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Video Input ◽  
Intelligent Process

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent process and raw material handling. This paper presents an approach for a vision based system which performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel making industry. At single camera level, a vision based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels based differential techniques; optical flow and motion based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction, the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors can implement smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection is having single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials which are moving with raw materials and taking immediate action at the same stage as material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

Effect of High Temperature Process on Microstructure and Properties of Industrial Steel Slag Cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Ming Han Xu ◽  
Rui Hua Wang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Ai Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Actual Performance

The construction industry continues to develop and the requirements for cement performance are getting higher and higher. At the same time, in the steel industry, the discharge of steel slag is also increasing. The effective reuse of steel slag has become a prominent problem in the steel industry. . Therefore, it is envisaged to use steel slag as a raw material for the cement production process to produce cement and to produce high-performance cement. The main raw materials of this experiment are steel slag, limestone, sandstone and shale. Through the cement preparation process, the cement is made, and then the cement is made into concrete to test its performance. This experiment mainly studies the sintering temperature and holding time variable. In the experimental test, the analysis and comparison were carried out in five aspects of the degree of macroscopic cracking, particle size, density, microstructure and composition. In the comparison experiment of sintering temperature, with the increase of temperature, the flexural and compressive properties of cement gradually increased. In this test, 1200 °C is the most suitable temperature for the performance of the cement. Through the experimental comparison of different holding time, it is known that with the prolonging of the holding time, the microstructure and actual performance of the cement are continuously enhanced. Comprehensive consideration: the ratio of steel slag in cement ratio is 10%, sintering temperature is 1200 °C, and heat preservation is 2h. The steel slag cement prepared under this condition has the strongest performance.

scholarly journals The Simulation Model of Iron Sponge Plant Layout for the Defense Industry Based on Industry 4.0 Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sovian Aritonang ◽  
Riyadi Juhana
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Layout ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Iron Sponge ◽  
Sponge Iron Plant ◽  
Modular Layout

The Industry 4.0 is a change in the perspective of how to view an industry based on the resources owned, to operate according to needs. The sponge iron industry is a raw material industry to support the steel industry which is intended as material for shipbuilding and combat vehicles used by the Indonesian National Millitary. It is necessary to plan and design a sponge iron plant with an Industrial 4.0 model. The implementation of the Industry 4.0 model aims to optimize the operational needs of the plant, especially the sponge iron plant, which is relatively rare in Indonesia. The concept of a factory layout (cellular layout, modular layout), the concept of lean manufacturing, as well as the concepts and principles of the smart factory (Cyber-Physical Systems) are concepts that will be applied in the planning and design of the Industrial 4.0 sponge iron plant layout. In order to produce an optimal layout, a simulation model using FlexSim 2018 Software and layout optimization is used the Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique (CRAFT) algorithm with the help of CRAFT Software Integrated Microsoft Excel 2019.

scholarly journals Dampak Kebijakan Tarif Impor Terhadap Ekonomi Kedelai Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Dona Wahyuning Laily ◽  
Ida Syamsu Roidah ◽  
Ika Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Home Industries

Soybean is the main crop of the palawija system which is commonly applied in Indonesia. In the national economic system, soybean is a commodity owning strategic values due to its ability to supply nutrients needed by the community and a source of income for farmers. Demand for soybean is likely to continue to increase in line with population growth, increase in per capita income, increase in public awareness of nutritional adequacy, and the development of livestock preparation and silage industries. Given the high trend of soybean demand in the future, efforts to increase domestic soybean production are becoming increasingly important. Meanwhile in the future, the policy to protect domestic soybean farmers will be limited due to the demands of free trade. Considering that soybean is consumed in the form of processed food, the increasing demand for soybeans in the future indicates that there will be more opportunities for the development of home industries to produce this food. The need for soybeans as raw material for agro-industry cannot currently be met by domestic soybean production, both in terms of quality and quantity. This causes the need for imported soybeans to be even greater. Domestic soybean production, both in quality and quantity, seems to be unable to meet the soybean needed for industrial raw materials, thus causing a higher tendency for imported soybean demand. Therefore, import tariff policies in the face of world trade liberalization must be regulated in such a way by taking into account the interests of producers, consumers, and the government. This policy is still needed in realizing the independence of export quality soybeans. Kedelai adalah tanaman utama Sistem Palawija yang umum diterapkan di Indonesia. Dalam sistem perekonomian nasional, kedelai menjadi komoditas yang memiliki nilai strategis karena memiliki kemampuan untuk memasok hara yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dan merupakan sumber pendapatan bagi petani. Permintaan kedelai akan terus meningkat seiring dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah penduduk, pertambahan pendapatan perkapita tiap penduduk, meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan gizi yang cukup, serta berkembangnya industri persiapan dan silase ternak. Melihat masih tingginya trend permintaan kedelai di masa datang, upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai di dalam negeri menjadi semakin penting. Sementara itu di masa depan kebijaksanaan untuk melindungi petani kedelai di dalam negeri semakin terbatas peluangnya karena tuntutan perdagangan bebas. Mengingat sebagaian besar kedelai dikonsumsi dalam bentuk bahan pangan olahan, meningkatnya permintaan kedelai di masa depan menunjukkan semakin terbukanya peluang pengembangan industri rumah tangga untuk memproduksi bahan pangan tersebut. Kebutuhan akan kedelai sebagai bahan baku agroindustri saat ini tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi kedelai dalam negeri baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas. Hal ini menyebabkan kebutuhan akan kedelai impor akan semakin besar. Kedelai yang dibutuhkan untuk bahan baku industri tampaknya tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi kedelai dalam negeri, baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya, sehingga menyebabkan kecenderungan permintaan kedelai impor semakin tinggi. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan tarif impor dalam menghadapi liberalisasi perdagangan dunia harus diatur sedemikian rupa dengan memperhatikan kepentingan produsen, konsumen, dan pemerintah. Kebijakan ini tetap diperlukan dalam mewujudkan kemandirian kedelai kualitas ekspor.

scholarly journals Energy Intensity of Steel Manufactured Utilising EAF Technology as a Function of Investments Made: The Case of the Steel Industry in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5152
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Włodzimierz Sroka ◽  
Jolita Vveinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steel Scrap

The production of steel in the world is dominated by two types of technologies: BF + BOF (the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace, also known as integrated steel plants) and EAF (the electric arc furnace). The BF + BOF process uses a lot of natural resources (iron ore is a feedstock for steel production) and fossil fuels. As a result, these steel mills have a significantly negative impact on the environment. In turn, EAF technology is characterised by very low direct emissions and very high indirect emissions. The raw material for steel production is steel scrap, the processing of which is highly energy-consuming. This paper analyses the energy intensity of steel production in Poland as a function of investments made in the steel industry in the years 2000–2019. Statistical data on steel production in the EAF process in Poland (which represents an approximately 50% share of the steel produced, as the rest is produced utilising the BF + BOF process) was used. Slight fluctuations are caused by the periodic switching of technology for economic or technical reasons. The hypothesis stating that there is a relationship between the volume of steel production utilising the EAF process and the energy consumption of the process, which is influenced by investments, was formulated. Econometric modelling was used as the research method and three models were constructed: (1) a two-factor power model; (2) a linear two-factor model; and (3) a linear one-factor model. Our findings show that the correlation is negative, that is, along with the increase in technological investments in electric steel plants in Poland, a decrease in the energy consumption of steel produced in electric furnaces was noted during the analysed period.

Industrial, Ecological and Resource-Efficient Aspects of Vanadium Production and Use of Technogenic Vanadium Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 994-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Makhotkina ◽  
M.V. Shubina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Vanadium Extraction ◽  
Extraction Degree ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Applications

The causes of the global vanadium consumption increase are described and new applications of this metal are given in the article. The main natural sources of vanadium are titanomagnetite, which is a strategic mineral raw material. The current volumes of vanadium extraction from natural raw materials do not match the demand of the market. Therefore there is an urgent need for recycling of secondary and technogenic sources. Partially the basic existing technologies processing vanadium-containing waste are reviewed. The effect of these wastes on the environment and human health is analyzed. The importance of vanadium steel slag recycling for the ecological state of industrial regions, resource-efficiency in expanding the raw material sources of vanadium and reducing the cost of steel production in general is shown. The results of studies on the extraction of vanadium in the form of soluble vanadate of metallurgical vanadium slag using hydrometallurgical processing are demonstrated. The analysis of the received values of the vanadium extraction degree was conducted. The influence of various factors on the completeness of extraction was examined. A significant influence on the vanadium extraction degree of slag chemical composition, the ratio of slag and alkaline additives in the charge, conditions of roasting and leaching was revealed.

PROSPECT OF SEAWEED AS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Kustantiny
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pulp Processing

Seaweed is a commodity which has great potency to be developed and commonly used in food and non-food industry, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical. Currently, seaweed can also be utilized as raw material for pulp to support an environmental friendly paper industry. Research has been done by scientists from Korea who developed the processing technology of red algae by using extraction and bleaching process. The process is very simple, need less energy and environmental friendly chemical material. Red algae species which is used in this process is Gelidium amansii, which is very suitable for paper industry purposes and can be harvested in around 3 months, therefore this is different with wood pulp. There is a cooperation between Korea and Indonesiain producing Gelidium in Indonesia. This paper presents the assessment of red algae pulp processing technology and examines several matters that should be considered in developing red algae pulp industry in Indonesia. In term of resources, support from the government, universities and research institutions and acceptance of the industry.keywords : seaweed, red algae, extraction, paper, environment

The Perspectives of Islamic Law (Hadd Al-Syurb) on Aia Niro and Tuak (Khamr) Activities in Nagari Batu Payuang Halaban

Society ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Salma Salma ◽  
Robi Revianda ◽  
Taufik Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

In Islamic law, khamr is a common type of alcoholic beverage that is forbidden for consumption due to its elements that can intoxicate and lead to loss of self-control. The government of Indonesia also forbids people from consuming the intoxicating beverage in certain levels. Nevertheless, a community group in Batu Payuang Halaban, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, wherein their daily lives can be found a type of traditional beverage as same as khamr that is a fermented juice of sugar palm bunches. The people call it “tuak”. This research aims to investigate how the people of Nagari Batu Payuang produce aia niro and tuak, their motives for buying, selling, and consuming the drink, and judging it from the perspective of Islamic law (hadd al-syurb). This type of research is field research with a qualitative approach. Data sources consisted of primary and secondary. The data collection was conducted by observing the process of producing aia niro, tuak, and the transaction, and in-depth interviews with owners of sugar palm plantation, tuak producers, buyers, sellers, consumers, and local ulama (Islamic scholars). The data were analyzed in descriptive by reduction, display, and verification. To examine this research, the theory used was the concept of hadd al-syurb in Islamic law and the regulation on alcoholic beverages in Indonesia. The results show that aia niro is produced by extracting the bunches of male sugar palm and it is the raw material to produce tuak by leaving the aia niro in jerry cans and adding agarwood bark for 3 days. The sellers have various reasons to sell tuak and its raw materials. Besides the price is higher than brown sugar, it is also motivated by personal and other economic reasons as well as easier processing. People who drink tuak realize that it is intoxicating in a certain amount but they drink it to warm their bodies and relieve their fatigues. In the concept of hadd al-syurb, consuming tuak as an intoxicating substance is haram (forbidden) and is condemned to those who drink it. However, they who trade it are not punished by hudud since the Sunna proposition only refers to the transaction as an act of curse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document