Machine Vision Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection and Removal on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry through Differential Techniques

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision-based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent processes and raw material handling. This chapter presents an approach for a vision-based system that performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel-making industry. At single camera level, a vision-based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels-based differential techniques, optical flow, and motion-based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction; the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors implement a smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection has a single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials, which are moving with raw materials, and taking immediate action at the same stage as the material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

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Computer Vision-Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry Through Differential Techniques and Performance Evaluation

Computer Vision ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5204-8.ch077 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1820-1837

Author(s):

K. C. Manjunatha ◽

H. S. Mohana ◽

P. A. Vijaya

Keyword(s):

Object Detection ◽

Steel Industry ◽

Material Handling ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Raw Material ◽

Smart Control ◽

Image Pixels ◽

And Performance ◽

Video Input

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision-based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent processes and raw material handling. This chapter presents an approach for a vision-based system that performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel-making industry. At single camera level, a vision-based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels-based differential techniques, optical flow, and motion-based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction; the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors implement a smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection has a single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials, which are moving with raw materials, and taking immediate action at the same stage as the material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

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ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF IRON SAND PROCESSING INTO SPONGE IRON IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY OF STEEL RAW MATERIALS

Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara ◽

10.33172/jpbh.v9i1.514 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sovian Aritonang ◽

Jupriyanto Jupriyanto ◽

Riyadi Juhana

Keyword(s):

Steel Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Steel Production ◽

Sponge Iron ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Raw Material ◽

Northern Coast ◽

Shipping Industry ◽

Iron Sponge ◽

The Government

The number of iron sand reserves is mostly spread in the coastal waters of Indonesia, from the coast of Sumatra, the southern of Java to Bali, the beaches of Sulawesi, beaches in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and the northern coast of Papua. Total reserves for ore are 173,810,612 tons and metal as much as 25,412,652.62 tons. But its utilization was not optimal because PT. Krakatau Steel, and PT. Krakatau Posco has produced steel plates only 24,000 to 36,000 tons per year. While the need for steel plates for the shipping industry each year requires 900,000 tons per year. With the need for raw material for steel plates in the form of iron sponges with Fe ≥ 60%, PT. Krakatau Steel is still imported from abroad. The proof is PT. Krakatau Steel before and during the year 2000 still imported Iron Ore Pellets from the countries of Sweden, Chille and Brazil for 3,500,000 tons per year. This condition is the cause of the national steel industry unable to compete with the foreign steel industry because imported raw materials are subject to import duties. This is an opportunity to build a steel raw material company because all this time the steel raw material industry in Indonesia has only two companies. This condition encourages the manufacture of iron sponges, with the process of making iron sponges with technology adapted to installed production capacity. This study analysed the manufacture of iron sponges using Cipatujah iron sand, as raw material for the manufacture of iron sponges, with the results obtained in the form of iron sponges with the highest levels of Fe ≥60.44%. This can be used for the purposes of raw materials for steel making PT. Krakatau Steel (PT. KS), because so far PT. KS claims that Fe <60% local sponge iron products. This can encourage the independence of steel raw materials, which impacts on the independence of the defence industry. But the government must also protect and prioritize steel raw materials for national production for national steel production. With the national government steel industry, the consortium of vendors supplying raw material (iron sponge) to maintain the quality and supply of continuous sponge iron.Keywords: iron sand, iron pellet, iron sponge

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PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS GUDANG DENGAN PERANCANGAN LAYOUT MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLASS-BASED STORAGE

J TI UNDIP JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI ◽

10.14710/jati.11.2.113-122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Heldy Juliana ◽

Naniek Utami Handayani

Keyword(s):

Storage Capacity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Vital Role ◽

Raw Material ◽

Time And Space ◽

Storage Method ◽

Space Efficiency ◽

Packaging Industry ◽

High Level

Gudang adalah suatu tempat penyimpanan untuk semua barang-barang hasil produksi maupun penjualan. Fungsinya sebagai tempat penyimpanan memiliki peranan yang sangat vital. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan adanya pengaturan yang tepat dan cepat dalam penggunaan ruang gudang. CV.MDP-Semarang merupakan industri kemasan karton yang berlokasi di Semarang. Tingginya tingkat penggunaan gudang di perusahaan ini membuat effisiensi waktu dan ruang menjadi penting. Dari hasil pengamatan, CV. MDP-Semarang belum memiliki tata letak penyimpanan yang baik. Hal ini terlihat dari cara penyimpanan bahan baku di gudang yang belum mengikuti kaidah tata letak gudang. Pada gudang bahan baku, karton diletakkan secara acak sehingga menyulitkan pencarian, kapasitas gudang bahan baku saat ini dikeluhkan tidak mencukupi kebutuhan. Parameter tata letak gudang bahan baku yang baik adalah dipenuhinya ruang secara maksimal dan pemenuhan terhadap permintaan bahan baku yang lebih cepat. Pada penelitian ini, metode class-based storage dan penggunaan rak, memisahkan karton berdasarkan jenis karton di gudang bahan baku mampu memberikan peningkatan kapasitas gudang. Dengan rancangan tata letak gudang bahan baku usulan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas gudang, sehingga mampu memberikan ruang kosong untuk 64.000 pieces karton. AbstractWarehouse is a storage for all the goods of production and sales. Its function as a storage has a very vital role. Therefore it is necessary to have the proper regulations in the use of warehouse space. CV.MDP-Semarang is the carton packaging industry located in Semarang. The high level of the activity in the warehouse make time and space efficiency becomes important. From the observation, CV. MDP-Semarang do not yet have good storage layout. It is shown from raw material inventory in storage that are not following the principle of good storage layout. In the raw materials storage carton are placed randomly, so it makes the operator difficult to find the goods and the storage become out of capacity to fulfill demand. The good parameters for good storage are the optimal utility and the capapbility to fulfill raw material demands faster. In this paper, class-based storage method and shelf are used to separate carton based on type of carton in raw material storage in order to improve storage capacity. By proposes the design raw material storage layout, the company should be able to increase storage capacity, thus, it will be able to give space for 640.000 pieces of carton.

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Effect of High Temperature Process on Microstructure and Properties of Industrial Steel Slag Cement

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 814 ◽

pp. 413-418

Author(s):

Fang Wang ◽

Ming Han Xu ◽

Rui Hua Wang ◽

Chao Yang ◽

Ai Xia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steel Industry ◽

High Performance ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Holding Time ◽

Raw Material ◽

Experimental Comparison ◽

Slag Cement ◽

Actual Performance

The construction industry continues to develop and the requirements for cement performance are getting higher and higher. At the same time, in the steel industry, the discharge of steel slag is also increasing. The effective reuse of steel slag has become a prominent problem in the steel industry. . Therefore, it is envisaged to use steel slag as a raw material for the cement production process to produce cement and to produce high-performance cement. The main raw materials of this experiment are steel slag, limestone, sandstone and shale. Through the cement preparation process, the cement is made, and then the cement is made into concrete to test its performance. This experiment mainly studies the sintering temperature and holding time variable. In the experimental test, the analysis and comparison were carried out in five aspects of the degree of macroscopic cracking, particle size, density, microstructure and composition. In the comparison experiment of sintering temperature, with the increase of temperature, the flexural and compressive properties of cement gradually increased. In this test, 1200 °C is the most suitable temperature for the performance of the cement. Through the experimental comparison of different holding time, it is known that with the prolonging of the holding time, the microstructure and actual performance of the cement are continuously enhanced. Comprehensive consideration: the ratio of steel slag in cement ratio is 10%, sintering temperature is 1200 °C, and heat preservation is 2h. The steel slag cement prepared under this condition has the strongest performance.

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Analisa Perbaikan Tata Letak Penempatan Bahan Bakudi Area Gudang Penyimpanan

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.35134/jitekin.v10i2.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Beni Harma ◽

Helga Ika Sudra

Keyword(s):

Material Handling ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Layout Design ◽

Raw Material ◽

Storage Method ◽

Handling Cost ◽

Material Handling Cost ◽

Method Class ◽

Material Handling Costs ◽

Initial Layout

Activities carried out in the warehouse include material handling. Generally, the costs involved in material handling activities are quite large. One method that can be used in managing the layout of raw material placement in raw material warehouses is the class based storage method. Class based storage is a policy that divides storage into three classes A, B and C based on Pareto law. Pareto law is the principle of putting items that have the greatest accessibility near the Input-Output point. The distance of material handling to the initial layout raw material warehouse is 3,513,337 meters / month and the material handling costs are Rp. 134,534,765 / month, because the initial layout of the raw material warehouse still uses random storage and the raw materials that are widely used are not placed close to the intake floor of the production, so that the distance to get raw materials for production needs is far. After the re-layout design was made based on the placement of raw materials in the class based storage method, the material handling transfer distance was reduced to 2,644,459 meters / month and the material handling cost for the repair raw material warehouse layout fell to Rp. 99,949,520 / month. In other words, there was a decrease in material handling distance by 25% and material handling costs by 26%.

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The way of the pharmaceutical ingredients to the finished pharmaceutical form

Analecta Technica Szegedinensia ◽

10.14232/analecta.2018.2.24-31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

Bence Rafael ◽

Nóra Kuruczleki ◽

József Gál

Keyword(s):

Material Handling ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Good Manufacturing Practice ◽

Raw Material ◽

No Production ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Correct Execution ◽

Pharmaceutical Form ◽

Pharmaceutical Manufacture ◽

Logistics Activity

The modern pharmaceutical industry is a strictly controlled area. Both national and international rules apply, but none of these deals with logistical issues arising from the manufacture of the product. Following the path of a drug, it is possible to get acquainted with the problems that arise and their solution. The drug is much more than a common product. The drug is a product of confidence, which is provided with information. It defines its quality as well, to comply with the relevant directives and standards in the manufacture of, and that the enclosed information is sent to the user. This requires the manufacturer, the distributor and the user to comply with it. There is no production without material handling, but GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) does not yet have a chapter on logistics. References to handling raw materials and finished products can be found in the corresponding GMP chapters, the responsibility of the correct execution are borne by the manufacturer. In this case, the effect of the common sense prevails exponentially, keep the medicine in mind and it has to be done, that no loss, no quality deterioration is not caused by the transport, handling of such loads, storage. It is typical that the raw material and the finished product are going through the entire site during the pharmaceutical manufacture. Starting from the warehouse, it runs through the manufacturing facilities, on the packaging, and some units go to the lab, so that eventually, in medicine form returns to the warehouse, from where it goes further in the supply chain through the pharmacies to the patients. In our study we examine the logistics activity and problems of a small pharmaceutical company and tasks to be solved presented in the light of the theory.

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Chemical Analysis of Limestone of Bojhe, Halesi-Tuwachung Municipality, for Industrial Applications

Amrit Research Journal ◽

10.3126/arj.v1i1.32455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Ram Bahadur Gharti ◽

Dipak Kumar Hitan ◽

Manoj Kumar Prasad ◽

Hari Bhakta Oli

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Point Of View ◽

Raw Material ◽

Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽

Fish Ponds ◽

Cement Production

Limestone is principal raw material for cement making industries. Chemical composition of limestone plays great role for making good quality cement. Production of good quality cement is of primary importance for the increment of the durability of infrastructure. Nepal is establishing large number of cement industries that uses limestone as raw materials and it is urgent to determine the quality of limestone. Quantitative Chemical analysis of one hundred forty three (143) limestone samples, collected by the channel sampling method, is carried out using gravimetric, titrimetric, and atomic absorption spectroscopic methods. The determined values of different parameters in percentages are as follows; loss on ignition (41.96385±0.670325), acid insoluble matter (2.412308±1.014588), Fe2O3 (0.263846±0.082249), Al2O3 (0.765385±1.656052), CaO (52.20538±1.656052) and MgO (3.018462±0.703886). The results indicated that most of the limestone samples are found to meet industrial raw material specifications for some industries. They can be used in the cement, agriculture (liming of soil and fish ponds) and metallurgical purification processes in the steel industry. Collected limestone samples meet the raw material specification of some industries. So establishment of such industries from a chemical point of view is feasible.

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Recycling of cellulose from vegetable fiber waste for sustainable industrial applications

Industria Textila ◽

10.35530/it.070.01.1553 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (01) ◽

pp. 37-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ERDOGAN UMIT HALIS ◽

DURAN HICRAN ◽

SELLI FIGEN

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Raw Material ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Vegetable Fibers ◽

Potential Source ◽

Vegetable Fiber

Recently two significant topics that became important for textile industry namely ‘providing sustainability by reusing of textile wastes’ and ‘developing high-valued new textile raw materials. Cellulose, which is a fascinating polymer, has been used for years as a raw material to obtain various products such as papers, fibers and films. In this study, it is aimed to provide sustainability with recycling of cellulose from waste jute fibers, considering the amount of waste jute weft yarns released in the production process of machine carpets. For this purpose, pre-cleaning of waste fibers was carried out at first, and then extraction of cellulose was accomplished, and finally characterization of recycled cellulose was performed. Organic acid extraction method was effective for isolation of cellulose from waste fibers with 43.65% yield performance. Microscopic and experimental analyses confirmed that non-cellulosic part of waste fibers were removed successfully and recycled cellulose has similar structure with control cellulose. Our results suggest that, waste vegetable fibers can be used as a potential source for cellulose. Recycled cellulose can be used in the production of paper, composites, regenerated cellulose fibers and other industrial applications.

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RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal ◽

10.26518/2071-7296-2019-3-334-351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 334-351

Author(s):

A. S. Mavlyanov ◽

E. K. Sardarbekova

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sensitivity Coefficient ◽

Raw Material ◽

Clay Material ◽

Fibrous Materials ◽

Chemical Production ◽

Production Wastes ◽

Pass Through ◽

The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

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