scholarly journals Conceptually Ambitious, Hardly Novel, and Currently Failing: The Irish Army Reserve in the Single Force Concept

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Army Reserve ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Effective Force ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Single Force ◽  
Force Concept

In 2013 the Irish Defence Forces went under significant reorganisation. Part of this organisation entailed integrating the Irish Army Reserve into the Defence Forces, as part of the ‘Single Force Concept’. Ostensibly, the Single Force Concept sought to provide a more reliable, fit for purpose, reserve force. However, this article argues that the concept has failed and that the Army Reserve is almost unusable. The article evaluates each service corps and provides an analysis of Reserve capabilities. This shows that the training of the force is suboptimal for augmenting the regular army in an emergency, and that a gap exists between what government policy wants the Reserve to do, and what it is actually capable of doing. This has resulted in an unusable reserve force with questionable utility. This article also highlights the difficulty of establishing the qualitative strength of the Army Reserve in the absence of appropriate means of defining what is meant by an ‘effective’ reservist, and explores the detrimental consequences of paltry financial investment in sustaining, developing, or enabling the Reserve as an effective force. It argues that the Single Force Concept has failed because it did not remedy the fundamental pre-existing flaws that plagued the various iterations of the Irish reserve land component prior to 2013, nor did it attempt to bring the Army Reserve into line with international best practice regarding reserve forces. The article concludes by arguing that the current Irish reserve model is unsustainable, and that fundamental changes are required in order to make the force usable to the State, and to prevent it from collapsing altogether.

Commoning or being commoned? Institutions, politics, and the role of the state in collective housing policy in Bangkok, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 147309522110373
Author(s):  
Hayden Shelby
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Urban Commons ◽  
Active Promoter

This article theorizes the potential roles of the state in the urban commons through an analysis of a slum upgrading program in Thailand that employs collective forms of land tenure. In examining the transformation of the program from a grassroots movement to a “best practice” policy, the article demonstrates how the state has expanded from mere enabler of the commons to active promoter. In the process, the role of many residents has evolved from actively creating the institutions of collective governance— commoning—to adopting institutions prescribed by the state— being commoned. However, by comparing the work to two different groups of communities who work within the context of the policy, the article illustrates how active commoning can still take place in such contexts.

scholarly journals (Lack of) government policy for indigenous (Sámi) sport: A chain of legitimating and de-legitimating acts

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022098865
Author(s):  
Eivind Å Skille ◽  
Josef Fahlén ◽  
Cecilia Stenling ◽  
Anna-Maria Strittmatter
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
A Chain ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Existing Data

While colonization as policy is formally a historic phenomenon in Norway and elsewhere, many former structures of state organization – including their relationship to sport – remain under post-colonial conditions. This paper is concerned with how the Norwegian government contributes to creating a situation, which includes the Norwegian sports confederation (NIF) but excludes the indigenous people Sámi’s sports organisation. Based on existing data and literature, we analyse how the state favours NIF through a chain of legitimating acts. Thus, sport is a preserve of colonization, where a one-sided legitimation parallels a de-legitimation of the overarching sport policy goal of sport-for-all. However, there are signs of change whereby actors are challenging NIF’s monopoly and ‘older’ state-sport regimes.

scholarly journals LEASING AS FORM OF STATE-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

2013 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
E. B. Zavyalova ◽  
I. V. Linev
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Concrete Model ◽  
Operational Service

In economy of a number of foreign countries alternatively privatizations of objects, the publicprivate partnership (PPP) concept is widely applied. Interaction of the state and business is characteristic feature of modern mixed economy. The specified partnership is realized with use of diverse models and can accept various forms. The task consists in choosing such form (a legal ground of realization of concrete model) at which PPP will be the most rational and effective. The leasing possessing financial, investment, organizational and operational, service, practical and other advantages, represents one of the most acceptable PPP forms, for realization in modern conditions of domestic economy. The specified advantages of the parties of the contract of leasing and its fundamental difference from the rent, being that when leasing the private sector, entering partnership with the state, not only applies administrative skills, but also invests the capital, are preconditions for its widespread introduction. At the same time, as a whole positive dynamics of development of the market of leasing in the Russian Federation has no steady character. The situation can be broken if return of invested funds is guaranteed to the investor (including foreign) and it will have an opportunity to profit. As the option of a solution is offered to apply non-standard approaches at implementation of leasing operations, in particular - with scoring use. It is necessary to emphasize that application of scoring most effectively when the leasing market is on lifting and demanded there is an efficiency of an assessment of the project and a standart of procedures, and the speed of service of the participants of the leasing contract plays one of leading roles. This advantage, becomes a shortcoming at the current situation in the market when more weighed assessment of risks is required, and for this reason skoring models demand continuous completion and updating with frequency of times in one and a half-two years. Leasing application as the PPP forms, not only the professional experience, effective management, flexibility and efficiency in decision-making will provide, ability to innovation, but also will provide serious investment activity. It in turn will allow to introduce new equipment and more effective technologies, to create the new enterprises, on a labor market to increase demand for highly skilled workers.

scholarly journals Polityka władz państwowych wobec wyboru i działalności metropolity Makarego, zwierzchnika Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego

2015 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Stefan Dudra
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church ◽  
Selection Of

Government policy towards the election and activity of Metropolitan Macarius (Oksijuk) In post-war Poland, the state authorities aimed at taking control of the religious life of the individual Churches and religious organizations. Surveillance efforts were made to maintain, among others, by appropriate selection of the superior of the Church and diocesan bishops. The election of Macarius (Oksijuk), Archbishop of the Russian Orthodox Church for the position of Metropolitan in July 1951 years should be understood in this context. The hierarch was also to give a guarantee of loyalty, implement his policy in line with the vision of communist authorities and ensure close cooperation with the Patriarchate of Moscow. Unrealized demands of the state authorities (emerging Russification trends, the lack of wider support in missionary activity among the Greek Catholics) contributed to undertake a process of dismissing Macarius from managing the Orthodox Church. Polityka władz państwowych wobec wyboru i działalności metropolity Makarego, zwierzchnika Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła PrawosławnegoPowojenna polityka państwa wobec Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego zmierzała do ograniczenia jego roli tylko do zadań religijnych, jednocześnie przy objęciu pozostałej działalności całkowitą kontrolą. Nadzór starano się utrzymywać m.in. poprzez odpowiedni dobór zwierzchnika Kościoła. Jednym z elementów polityki był wybór na stanowisko metropolity w 1951 roku Makarego (Oksijuka), arcybiskupa Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego. Po odsunięciu w 1948 roku od zarządzania Kościołem metropolity Dionizego władze wyznaniowe dążyły do obsadzenia tronu metropolitalnego przez hierarchę, który miałby realizować politykę kościelną zgodną z linią polityczną władz. Pomimo zrealizowania założonych celów metropolita Makary okazał się hierarchą, który nie spełnił oczekiwań władz (m.in. w zakresie polityki wobec grekokatolików), co wpłynęło na podjęcie decyzji o usunięciu go z zajmowanego stanowiska.

Between a Rock and a Hard Place

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Staniland
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
Conflict Outcomes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Empirical Record ◽  
Hard Place

Ethnic insurgents sometimes defect to join forces with the state during civil wars. Ethnic defection can have important effects on conflict outcomes, but its causes have been understudied. Using Sunni defection in Iraq as a theory-developing case, this article offers a theory of “fratricidal flipping” that identifies lethal competition between insurgent factions as an important cause of defection. It examines the power of the fratricidal-flipping mechanism against competing theories in the cases of Kashmir and Sri Lanka. These wars involve within-conflict variation in defection across groups and over time. A detailed study of the empirical record, including significant fieldwork, suggests that fratricide was the dominant trigger for defection, while government policy played a secondary role in facilitating pro-state paramilitarism. Deep ideological disagreements were surprisingly unimportant in driving defection. The argument is probed in other wars in Asia. The complex internal politics of insurgent movements deserve careful attention.

Concluding Remarks to Part 3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Sphere ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 15 summarizes the chapters which addressed the third sphere, the relationship of labor to the political community. It reiterates that since Israel was established, the labor market’s borders have become ever more porous, while the borders of the national (Jewish) political community have remained firm: the Jewish nationalism which guides government policy is as strong as ever. NGOs, drawing on a discourse of human rights, are able to assist some non-citizens but this discourse also resonates with the idea of individual responsibility: the State is no longer willing to support “non-productive” populations, who are now being shoehorned into a labor market which offers few opportunities for meaningful employment, and is saturated by cheaper labor intentionally imported by the State in response to powerful employer lobbies. These trends suggest a partial reorientation of organized labor’s “battlefront”, from a face-off with capital to an appeal to the public and state.

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