scholarly journals Comparison of Anticancer Effects of Carvone, Carvone-Rich Essential Oils, and Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Each of Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5716-5726
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Ic50 Values

Cancers were the first cause of death in 2020; breast and skin are two common cancers worldwide. The most common cancer treatment approach is still chemotherapy; however, as side effects and multidrug resistance, the development of green nano drugs has received much attention. In this study, the chemical composition of Mentha spicata and Tanacetum balsamita essential oils was first investigated. The anticancer effects of them and carvone (as their major ingredients) were then evaluated on human melanoma (A375) and breast cancer (MDA-MB468) cells. After that, an attempt was made to improve their efficacies by preparing chitosan nanoparticles containing each of them. The efficacies of nanoformulations showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) compared to their non-formulated states. The best-observed potency was related to chitosan nanoparticles containing T. balsamita essential oil with a particle size of 195 ± 7 nm; IC50 values against A375 and MDA-MB468 were observed at 85.3 and 240.1 µg/mL. Thus, the nanoformulation with green ingredients could be considered a proper candidate for further consideration in vivo studies.

Nanocurcumin: A Double-Edged Sword for Microcancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
pp. 5783-5792
Author(s):  
Kholood Abid Janjua ◽  
Adeeb Shehzad ◽  
Raheem Shahzad ◽  
Salman Ul Islam ◽  
Mazhar Ul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Anticancer Effects

There is compelling evidence that drug molecules isolated from natural sources are hindered by low systemic bioavailability, poor absorption, and rapid elimination from the human body. Novel approaches are urgently needed that could enhance the retention time as well as the efficacy of natural products in the body. Among the various adopted approaches to meet this ever-increasing demand, nanoformulations show the most fascinating way of improving the bioavailability of dietary phytochemicals through modifying their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Curcumin, a yellowish pigment isolated from dried ground rhizomes of turmeric, exhibits tremendous pharmacological effects, including anticancer activities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin mediates anticancer effects through the modulation (upregulation and/or downregulations) of several intracellular signaling pathways both at protein and mRNA levels. Scientists have introduced multiple modern techniques and novel dosage forms for enhancing the delivery, bioavailability, and efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various malignancies. These novel dosage forms include nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, phospholipids, and curcumin-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles. Nanocurcumin has shown improved anticancer effects compared to conventional curcumin formulations. This review discusses the underlying molecular mechanism of various nanoformulations of curcumin for the treatment of different cancers. We hope that this study will make a road map for preclinical and clinical investigations of cancer and recommend nano curcumin as a drug of choice for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Selective Targeting of Breast Cancer by Tafuramycin a Using SMA-Nanoassemblies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. El-Deeb ◽  
Valeria Pittala ◽  
Diab Eltayeb ◽  
Khaled Greish
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Tumor Accumulation

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of tumors that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and excess HER2 protein. The mainstay of treatment remains chemotherapy, but the therapeutic outcome remains inadequate. This paper investigates the potential of a duocarmycin derivative, tafuramycin A (TFA), as a new and more effective chemotherapy agent in TNBC treatment. To this extent, we optimized the chemical synthesis of TFA, and we encapsulated TFA in a micellar system to reduce side effects and increase tumor accumulation. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that both TFA and SMA–TFA possess high anticancer effects in TNBC models. Finally, the encapsulation of TFA offered a preferential avenue to tumor accumulation by increasing its concentration at the tumor tissues by around four times in comparison with the free drug. Overall, the results provide a new potential strategy useful for TNBC treatment.

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Treatment Strategy for Alzheimerʼs Disease: Current and Future Perspectives

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Benny ◽  
Jaya Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractAlzheimerʼs disease is a multifarious neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment and gradual memory loss. Several hypotheses have been put forward to postulate its pathophysiology. Currently, few drugs are available for the management of Alzheimerʼs disease and the treatment provides only symptomatic relief. Our aim is to review the relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focused toward the potential uses of essential oils in the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from April 1998 to June 2018 were explored to collect data. We have conducted wide search on various essential oils used in different models of Alzheimerʼs disease. Out of 55 essential oils identified for Alzheimerʼs intervention, 28 have been included in the present review. A short description of in vivo studies of 13 essential oils together with clinical trial data of Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been highlighted. In vitro studies of remaining essential oils that possess antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential are also mentioned. Our literary survey revealed encouraging results regarding the various essential oils being studied in preclinical and clinical studies of Alzheimerʼs disease with significant effects in modulating the pathology through anti-amyloid, antioxidants, anticholinesterase, and memory-enhancement activity.

Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Acids in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Ghosh ◽  
Chinmay Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoids ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoid ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Antitumor Compounds ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

: Bladder cancer carries a poor prognosis and has proven resistance to chemotherapy. Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Acids (PTAs) are natural bioactive compounds that have a well-known impact on cancer research because of their cytotoxic and chemopreventive activities. This review focuses on bladder cancer which can no longer be successfully treated by DNA damaging drugs. Unlike most of the existing drugs against bladder cancer, PTAs are non-toxic to normal cells. Collecting findings from both in vitro and in vivo studies, it has been concluded that PTAs may serve as promising agents in future bladder cancer therapy. In this review, the roles of various PTAs in bladder cancer have been explored, and their mechanisms of action in the treatment of bladder cancer have been described. Specific PTAs have been shortlisted from each of the chief skeletons of pentacyclic triterpenoids, which could be effective against bladder cancer because of their mode of action. This review thereby throws light on the multi targets and mechanisms of PTAs, which are responsible for their selective anticancer effects and provides guidelines for further research and development of new natural antitumor compounds.

Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursenem Karaca ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
Fatih Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

scholarly journals Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides as An Anti-cancer Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Sohretoglu ◽  
Shile Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been used for centuries in Asian countries to treat various diseases and to promote health and longevity. Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of G. lucidum as an alternative adjuvant therapy in cancer patients without obvious toxicity. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is the main bioactive component in the water soluble extracts of this mushroom. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that GLP possesses potential anticancer activity through immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects. Here, we briefly summarize these anticancer effects of GLP and the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Potential application of chitosan-based nanoparticles containing essential oils against mosquitoes, moths and beetles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Ana Maria da Silva Maia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Human Poisoning

The association between the use of synthetic insecticides and the appearance of resistant insects, human poisoning and the environment contamination generated the need to develop new forms to pest control, and essential oils stand out as an alternative. However, due to their volatility and instability, their use in native form is unfeasible. It is possible to circumvent these problems by their encapsulation, and the use of polymeric nanoparticles for this purpose has many advantages, since these systems prevent the oil degradation, and control its release. The first in vivo trials of chitosan nanoparticles containing essential oils with insecticidal activity were published in the late 2010s. Considering the growing interest in this subject, as can be seen from the increase in the number of publications, this review aimed to gather all the papers that presented biological assays using essential oils encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles against insects. Further, the techniques used to prepare these nanoparticles are also discussed. It was possible to note that the technique called complex coacervation led to smaller particles and most articles describing in vivo tests of chitosan nanoparticles containing essential oils assess their larvicidal activity. Among the tested nanoparticles, the one that had the best larvicidal activity in acute toxicity tests were those obtained by complexing of chitosan with cashew gum and those with the best residual activity were the cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Chitosan nanoparticles containing essential oils also increased their insecticidal activity in toxicity tests against adult beetles.

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