scholarly journals A study on optimization of biomass of Bacillus pumilus for feather degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Feather Degradation ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Keratinase Enzyme ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Soil samples were collected from the feather dumped area, and they were screened for the presence of keratinolytic bacteria Bacillus pumilus. Based on its growth on Bacillus isolation agar, Skim milk agar, and Starch agar, it was conformed as Bacillus pumilus. The growth of bacteria was estimated by biomass estimation. In the optimization study, the optimum incubation period observed for feather degradation was 48hrs, pH 7, and temperature 40°C. Purified Keratinase enzyme was used for the feather degradation study. The maximum degradation observed was 29% at the temperature of 400C. The size of kerinase produced was estimated as 52KDa.

scholarly journals Optimization of Keratinase Production and Utilization of Bacillus pumilus for Feather Degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2483-2489
Author(s):  
S. Dhiva ◽  
C. Akshara ◽  
K. Afna ◽  
U. Dhanush ◽  
P. Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Feather Degradation ◽  
Keratinolytic Activity ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Sds Page

Soil samples were collected from the feather dumped area where Bacillus pumilus was isolated and used for keratinase production and keratinolytic activity. In the optimization study, optimal condition for enzyme production was observed at 144 h, pH 7, temperature 37°C. The organism was utilized for feather degradation study. The maximum degradation of 57% was obtained at 37°C, pH 7 and 6 days incubation. The size of keratinase was determined by SDS- PAGE and was observed as 52 KDa.

scholarly journals Optimization of Keratinase Production Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa SU-1 Having Feather as Substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6540-6549
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Feather Degradation ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Keratinase Enzyme ◽  
The One

In this optimization study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SU-1 was producing keratinase at optimal condition of 4 days, pH – 7 and temperature 37 0C, where it was producing 23.7 U/mL After the one factor at a time, RSM was performed to understand the combination of the physical parameter that ends up for the maximum production of keratinase enzyme and the degradation percentage. The study involved in three variables (pH(A), temperature(B) and Incubation Design (C)) in three ranges (-1,0,+1) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The results of the analysis of variance and regression analysis of the second order model showed that the factorial effect if the degradation. The optima of the variables pH - 7, temperature - 30 and incubation time – 4 days. The isolated Pseudomonas species was subjected to feather degradation for 4 days and it was degrading 55.26 %. Keratinase was to be size of 56KDa.

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the Presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens at 7 or 13°C in Skim Milk

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEHAM A. FARRAG ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Skim Milk

Autoclaved samples of skim milk were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (strain Scott A, California or V7), Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain P26 or B52), or a combination of L. monocytogenes plus P. fluorescens, and incubated at 7 or 13°C for 8 weeks. McBride Listeria Agar was used to determine populations of L. monocytogenes (at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, or 56 d), and Pseudomonas isolation agar to enumerate P. fluorescens. Growth of L. monocytogenes was somewhat enhanced after 7 d of incubation at 7 but not at 13°C in the presence of pseudomonads. However, after 14 d and until the end of the incubation period (56 d), slight inactivation of L. monocytogenes in the presence of P. fluorescens was observed. L. monocytogenes did not affect growth or survival of P. fluorescens; also, no marked changes in pH of the milk were caused either by L. monocytogenes alone or by L. monocytogenes plus P. fluorescens.

INFLUENCE OF GLYCEROL CONCENTRATION AND FREEZING TO −79 C ON OXYGEN UPTAKE AND LIVABILITY OF BOAR AND BULL SPERMATOZOA

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. SANFORD ◽  
G. J. KING ◽  
J. W. MACPHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

Boar and bull spermatozoa were diluted in a skim milk–egg yolk–glucose extender containing 0, 7.5, or 15% glycerol (v/v) and incubated aerobically for 6 hr at 37 C. Other partially diluted boar semen samples were cooled to 5 C. Glycerol was added to a final concentration of 0, 7.5, and 15%. Samples were frozen to −79 C, rewarmed, and incubated for 3 hr at 37 C. The presence of glycerol in the extender depressed (P < 0.01) the oxygen uptake by nonfrozen boar and bull spermatozoa during the 6-hr incubation period. The reduction of oxygen uptake by semen samples increased as the level of glycerol in the extender increased. There was a corresponding decrease (P < 0.01) in the number of motile cells at the conclusion of the incubation period. Glycerol appeared to have more of a detrimental effect on boar spermatozoan oxygen uptake. The rate of oxygen uptake by boar semen samples postfreezing was extremely depressed, suggesting that spermatozoa surviving the freezing process metabolize at a much lower rate than normal. Active progressive motility of most of the surviving boar spermatozoa ceased within 1–2 hr of incubation under the in vitro conditions of this experiment.

DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF BAND-APPLIED UREA IN SOIL FOLLOWING INCUBATION UNDER ISOTHERMAL AND TEMPERATURE GRADIENT CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. K. PANG ◽  
C. M. CHO ◽  
R. A. HEDLIN
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Urea was added as a band in the middle of 12-cm-long columns of Wellwood clay loam (pH 6.6) and the soil was incubated at constant uniform temperatures of 10, 15 and 20 C. A similar set of the soil samples was incubated in columns which had a temperature of 23 C at one end and 8.5 C at the other end. At uniform temperatures the rate of disappearance of ammonium and the formation of nitrate from the banded urea was found to increase with increasing temperature. Nitrite was found to accumulate during the incubation period but disappeared with the prolonged incubation at 15 and 20 C. At 10 C incubation, the maximum nitrite accumulation occurred at 12 wk, the longest incubation time used. Various ionic species, NH4+, NO2− and NO3− were found to be nearly symmetrically distributed from the point of placement. When the soil was incubated under a temperature gradient, NO3− and to a lesser degree NH4+ accumulated near the end of the column.

Selective isolation and distribution of the genus Planomonospora in soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Suzuki ◽  
Toru Okuda ◽  
Saburo Komatsubara
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
First Record ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Ethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
High Yields

For the screening of bioactive compounds and study of global distribution, a selective isolation method for Planomonospora strains by centrifugation from soil is examined. Planomonospora strains produced characteristic sporangia on the humic acid-trace salts gellan gum medium (pH 9.0) so that this genus was readily recognized on the isolation plate. High yields of motile spores were obtained by using a flooding solution containing 0.1% skim milk in 5 mM N-cyclohexyl-2-amino-ethanesulfonic acid (pH 9.0) followed by incubating the preparation at 32°C for 90 min, centrifuging it at 1000 × g for 10 min, and further incubation at 32°C for 60 min after centrifugation. By combining the techniques described above, we isolated 246 Planomonospora strains from 137 of the 1200 soil samples examined. Ninety-four percent of these strains were recovered from neutral to slightly alkaline soils (pH 7.0 to 9.0). Strains of P. venezuelensis group were obtained from 13 soil samples (1.1%), which were collected in Bolivia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, India, Japan, New Caledonia, and Turkey. Strains of this group appear widely distributed in the soil of tropical to temperate regions. To our knowledge, this is the first record that strains of this group have been isolated from a location other than Venezuela.Key words: Planomonospora, gellan gum, selective isolation, distribution, actinomycete.

scholarly journals The fate of N<sub>2</sub>O consumed in soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vieten ◽  
F. Conen ◽  
B. Seth ◽  
C. Alewell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
15N Enrichment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract. Soils are capable to consume N2O. It is generally assumed that consumption occurs exclusively via respiratory reduction to N2 by denitrifying organisms (i.e. complete denitrification). Yet, we are not aware of any verification of this assumption. Some N2O may be assimilatorily reduced to NH3. Reduction of N2O to NH3 is thermodynamically advantageous compared to the reduction of N2. Is this an ecologically relevant process? To find out, we treated four contrasting soil samples in a flow-through incubation experiment with a mixture of labelled (98%) 15N2O (0.5–4 ppm) and O2 (0.2–0.4%) in He. We measured N2O consumption by GC-ECD continuously and δ15N of soil organic matter before and after an 11 to 29 day incubation period. Any 15N2O assimilatorily reduced would have resulted in the enrichment of soil organic matter with 15N, whereas dissimilatorily reduced 15N2O would not have left a trace. None of the soils showed a change in δ15N that was statistically different from zero. A maximum of 0.27% (s.e. ±0.19%) of consumed 15N2O may have been retained as 15N in soil organic matter in one sample. On average, 15N enrichment of soil organic matter during the incubation may have corresponded to a retention of 0.019% (s.e. ±0.14%; n=4) of the 15N2O consumed by the soils. We conclude that assimilatory reduction of N2O plays, if at all, only a negligible role in the consumption of N2O in soils.

scholarly journals Influence of Chymosin on Physicochemical and Hydrolysis Characteristics of Casein Micelles and Individual Caseins

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2594
Author(s):  
Chun-Chi Chen ◽  
Liang-Yu Chen ◽  
Wen-Tai Li ◽  
Ken-Lin Chang ◽  
Meng-I Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The effects of chymosin on the physicochemical and hydrolysis characteristics of casein micelles and individual caseins were investigated. Adding 0.03 units of chymosin/mL led to the casein micelles in skim milk coagulating after a 3 h incubation period at 30 °C. SDS–PAGE investigation showed that β-CN, κ-CN, αs-CN, and a portion of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in the milk supernatant fraction (MSF) were precipitated into the milk pellet fraction (MPF). The mean particle size of the MSF with chymosin decreased from 254.4 nm to 179.2 nm after a 3 h incubation period. Mass spectrometry and SDS–PAGE analysis suggested that chymosin hydrolyzed individual β-CN, κ-CN, and αs-CN, but not β-LG. Chymosin hydrolysis led to a decrease in the molecular weights of the hydrolyzed β-CN, κ-CN, and αs-CN. Particle size analysis indicated that there was no difference in the particle size distribution of hydrolyzed β-CN and αs-CN. Moreover, our outcomes demonstrated that the hydrolysis of κ-CN by chymosin occurs before that of β-CN and αs-CN.

scholarly journals Optimization of Biomass of Keratinase Producing Bacillus sp CBNRBT2 to Utilize in Whole-Cell Immobilization for Feather Degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339-1347 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Feather Degradation ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
64 Kda Protein

Bacillus sp CBNRBT2, obtained from Centre for Bioscience and Nanoscience Research, was used in this study. Initially, biomass was optimized for the incubation period, pH, and temperature, following biomass optimization with RSM. The obtained organism was able to produce keratinase, which was found to be a 64 KDa protein. Now the biomass produced using the optimized condition was immobilized and checked for its ability to degrade keratinase. Efficiency was compared with the whole organism. Immobilized organisms were degrading keratin and feather better. It was found to reduce featherweight by 41 %. Thus, this immobilized bacterium can be used for poultry waste treatment.

scholarly journals Production, partial optimization and characterization of keratinase enzyme by Arthrobacter sp. NFH5 isolated from soil samples

AMB Express ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Chandra Barman ◽  
Fatema Tuj Zohora ◽  
Keshob Chandra Das ◽  
Md. Golam Mowla ◽  
Nilufa Akhter Banu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Keratinase Enzyme
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