scholarly journals Investigation of effect of water content on railway granular supplementary layers

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
S Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
High Water ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Rock Mining

Purpose. To determine the relationship between water content of continuously graded granular supplementary layers for railway substructure and their inner shear resistance and load bearing capacity. Methodology. Four different samples were produced as standard granular products from andesite. Two of them are common base courses for road construction in Hungary, the other two are common railway supplementary layers. The author performed laboratory measurements (multi-level shear box tests) that are adequate for the evaluation of inner shear resistance. The measurements of load bearing capacity and Proctor tests were executed in the laboratory of Colas Hungaria Ltd. The author performed measurements with the optimal water content values of each sample, as well as lower and higher values than them. This can show how the given granular material is sensible to the change of water content. Findings. It was proved that the granular supplementary layers, which are standardized products in road construction (as base courses), also seems to be adequate in railway construction; they are not so sensible to the variation of their water content. It does not mean that the other two granular layers are not adequate for railway substructures, but the application of road products have to be considered as substitute products. Originality. The author tried to emphasize the adequacy of rock mining for construction of ballasted railway tracks, as well as the optimal use of mineral wealth in every country with its results. Practical value. The obtained results of the present paper can be useful in the area of rock mining, and railway infrastructure engineering. During construction procedures the optimal water content values should be taken into considerations for compaction to be able to reach maximal compactness (density), but too high water content has to be avoided, which is based on the results. They can be also considered in the design phase.

scholarly journals Hydrometeor and latent heat profiles of tropical cyclones Conson, Ivan and Catarina using PR/TRMM data

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Barbio Rosa ◽  
Augusto Pereira Filho ◽  
Prakki Satyamurty
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
High Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Hurricane Ivan ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ice Content

ABSTRACT Microphysical and thermodynamical features of two tropical systems, namely Hurricane Ivan and Typhoon Conson, and one sub-tropical, Catarina, have been analyzed based on space-born radar PR measurements available on the TRMM satellite. The procedure to classify the reflectivity profiles followed the Heymsfield et al (2000) and Steiner et al (1995) methodologies. The water and ice content have been calculated using a relationship obtained with data of the surface SPOL radar and PR in Rondonia State in Brazil. The diabatic heating rate due to latent heat release has been estimated using the methodology developed by Tao et al (1990). A more detailed analysis has been performed for Hurricane Catarina, the first of its kind in South Atlantic. High water content mean value has been found in Conson and Ivan at low levels and close to their centers. Results indicate that hurricane Catarina was shallower than the other two systems, with less water and the water was concentrated closer to its center. The mean ice content in Catarina was about 0.05 g kg-1 while in Conson it was 0.06 g kg-1 and in Ivan 0.08 g kg-1. Conson and Ivan had water content up to 0.3 g kg-1 above the 0ºC layer, while Catarina had less than 0.15 g kg-1. The latent heat released by Catarina showed to be very similar to the other two systems, except in the regions closer to the center.

scholarly journals Time Effect of Chloride Erosion on Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Water-Content Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hai-kuan Wu ◽  
Chang-wu Liu ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Yi-chen Miao
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Compression Failure ◽  
Strength Change ◽  
Water Filling

In order to study the characteristics of high water-content materials (HWC) undergoing chloride erosion, we analyzed and summarized changes in strength, elastic modulus, and mass of HWC materials during chloride erosion using specific experimental research, and we also described the compression failure morphologies of HWC materials after erosion. The cuboid specimens developed a horizontal crack between the top and bottom, and the cylindrical specimens developed irregular encryption cracks at the top during increasing pressure. The erosion of HWC materials exposed to calcium chloride (CaCl2) solutions was relatively serious, and the erosion of the cuboid specimens was lower than that of the cylindrical specimens. The strength of HWC materials increased during prolonged erosion, and the strength of the cylindrical specimens in water was the highest, followed by the CaCl2 and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. However, the strength change of the cuboid specimens after 28 d was contrary to the above order. In late erosion stages, the HWC materials had better compactness and experienced smaller compressive deformation in water than the other two solutions. In the NaCl solution, the high-water filling material had more pores and a larger deformation than the other solutions.

scholarly journals Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Marine Silt Modified by Steel Slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Liyan Wang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Hongmei Xie ◽  
Wenwei Ji ◽  
Xiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
High Water ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Deviatoric Stress ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
High Water Content

Modern coastal cities continue to expand to the sea, but the marine silt foundation has high water content and poor bearing capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to find economical and rapid ways to reduce the water content of the silt and improve the bearing capacity of the silt foundation. The steel slag is considered to be incorporated into silt to effectively reduce the moisture content of soil and improve the bearing capacity of the foundation due to its hard texture and strong water absorption capacity. In this paper, the shear strength characteristics of marine silt modified by steel slag were studied using an automatic triaxial instrument, as well as the relationship between steel slag incorporation and modified silt density. Experimental results showed that the incorporation of steel slag can effectively improve the shear strength of the silt. Besides, the influences of water content, steel slag incorporation, and confining pressure on the stress-strain curve characteristics and failure deviatoric stress of modified silt were also analyzed. The addition of steel slag increases the failure deviatoric stress of the silt. However, the increase of water content will weaken the effect of steel slag incorporation. The shear strength index of improved silt with different steel slag incorporation was compared with that of traditional soil, verifying the feasibility of its application in engineering construction.

scholarly journals Effect of nanomaterials and electrode configuration on soil consolidation by electroosmosis: experimental and modeling studies

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 12103-12112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Guoxiang Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
Zhang Shen ◽  
Xianming Shi
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Electrode Configuration ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Modeling Studies

Controlling the water content in soil is crucial for the load bearing capacity of soil.

scholarly journals Comparison of Effects of Using Geosynthetics and Lime Stabilization to Increase Bearing Capacity of Unpaved Road Subgrade

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Burak Pancar ◽  
Muhammet Vefa Akpınar
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Lime Stabilization ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Base ◽  
Optimum Water Content

So many soil improvement methods have been developed in order to increase bearing capacity of superstructure of the road to be constructed on the soft clayey road base soils, decrease settlements, and increase other strength specifications (CBR,k,MRvalues, etc.). In this paper, lime stabilization of clayey road base soil with high water content and its improvement with geosynthetics (geocell + geotextile) reinforcement and comparisons of these two different improvement methods were made. For this purpose, plate loading experimental comparisons of clayey soil, which had high water content by 10% increasing the optimum water content, were made after it was improved with lime at the rates of 3, 6, and 12%, geotextile reinforcement, geocell reinforcement, geosynthetics reinforcement, and geosynthetics reinforcement + lime stabilization at various rates. It was understood that these improvement methods will not yield sufficient results on clayey soils with high water content on their own, and method of improvement with lime and then reinforcement with geosynthetics yields better results on these types of soils. Only one improvement state among ten different states examined in this study gave the sufficient results for the soil to be used for unpaved roads.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of The Residual Load-Bearing Capacity Of The Existing Road Using Plate Loading Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Endijs Virsis ◽  
Ainars Paeglitis ◽  
Atis Zarins
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Road Design

Abstract In the last few years as the road construction budget has been decreasing in Latvia, the number of road construction reinforcement design and construction objects has been increasing. At the beginning of the project development of the existing road condition is assessed, taking into account various pavement evaluation criteria and it is determined on which road sections it is possible to reinforce the pavement and where full construction is required. The road pavement structure in Latvia is developed using “Recommendations for road design. Pavement” and inaccurately defining the bearing capacity of the existing foundation can significantly affect the service life of the designed structure. During the construction of the road, establishing that the bearing capacity of the existing foundation is lower than specified in the project incurs additional costs for the customer. Project changes are made, and special solutions are provided in order to achieve the bearing capacity on the mineral material layers defined in the project. One of the most accurate ways to determine the bearing capacity of existing road structural layers is the static plate test. However, the results of this test are also not 100% accurate and any of them may give unreasonable results due to various influencing factors. The aim of this work is to analyze the results of static plate test by determining the most important factors that affect the obtained load-bearing capacity values, identify biased/erroneous test results, and determine which results reflect the residual load-bearing capacity of the existing road structure.

A comparative study of Silurian and recent deposit-feeding bivalve communities

Paleobiology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Levinton ◽  
Richard K. Bambach
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fecal Pellet ◽  
High Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Species Competition ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Two communities dominated by deposit-feeding bivalves are recognized in Quisset Harbor, Massachusetts. Interference with life position and sediment preconditioning restrict the distribution of some species. The Eel Grass Community, dominated by Nucula proxima, comprises primarily non-siphonate forms which live in fecal-pellet rich, high-water-content, oxygenated sediment. The sediment texture results from active burrowing. This soft, mobile sediment readily clogs the siphons of siphonate bivalves. The Channel Community, dominated by Yoldia limatula, comprises primarily siphonate forms which live in partly compacted, low-water-content muds. Each community is characterized by abundant surface, shallow, and deep feeding species. Competition for food has generated this distinct stratification in feeding depth of the dominant species with each community.Similar competitive relationships, affecting both species occurrence and trophic stratification, are apparent in three Silurian age deposit-feeding bivalve communities from the McAdam Brook Formation of Nova Scotia. A community dominated by four non-siphonate species inhabited soupy, high-water-content muds. A community dominated by three siphonate species lived in cohesive muds. A mixed community, dominated by four species, two non-siphonate and two siphonate species (the most abundant of which are present, but not as the most abundant forms, in the other communities), characterized the mid-way point of the ecotone between the other two communities.These deposit-feeding bivalve dominated communities have similar structural patterns although separated by 400 million years and despite environmental differences and evolutionary changes. Both response to physical factors, such as sediment character, and interspecific competition impose and maintain this type of community structure.

Increased load bearing capacity of mechanically joined FRP/metal joints using a pin structured auxiliary joining element

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Per Heyser ◽  
Vadim Sartisson ◽  
Gerson Meschut ◽  
Marcel Droß ◽  
Klaus Dröder
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing

Load-Bearing Capacity of Direct Inlay-Retained Fibre-reinforced Composite Fixed Partial Dentures with Different Cross-Sectional Pontic Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Oana Tanculescu ◽  
Adrian Doloca ◽  
Raluca Maria Vieriu ◽  
Florentina Mocanu ◽  
Gabriela Ifteni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Polyethylene Fibre

The load-bearing capacity and fracture pattern of direct inlay-retained FRC FDPs with two different cross-sectional designs of the ponticwere tested. The aim of the study was to evaluate a new fibre disposition. Two types of composites, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative and Filtek Z250 (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and one braided polyethylene fibre, Construct (Kerr, USA) were used. The results of the study suggested that the new tested disposition of the fibres prevented in some extend the delamination of the composite on buccal and facial sides of the pontic and increased the load-bearing capacity of the bridges.

Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Shujun Dong ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

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