scholarly journals Detection of the amount of residue degradation rate of six commonly used insecticides in cauliflower under supervised field trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Md Sultan Ahmed ◽  
Md Mohsin Ali Sardar ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Kamal Humayun Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Waiting Period

The present study was made to detect the amount of residue degradation rate of insecticides in cauliflower under supervised field trial. Six field trials were carried out sprayed with recommended dose of acephate (2 g/L of water), cypermethrin (1 ml/L of water) and diazinon, malathion, quinalphos and fenitrothion (2 ml/L of water of each), respectively. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after spray (DAS). The degradation rate of cypermethrin, diazinon, quinalphos and fenitrothion were detected up to 10 days after spray (DAS) in cauliflower, while malathion and acephate could be detected at 5 and 15 DAS respectively. The detected quantities were above Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) up to 7 DAS for quinalphos, Fenitrothion and acephate, 5 DAS for diazinon and cypermethrin and 3 DAS for malathion. Malathion degraded quickly and acephate degraded slowly as compared to other tested insecticides. Therefore, malathion might be use for cauliflower cultivation having waiting period of 5 DAS and incase of diazinon and cypermethrin it was 7 DAS. Quinalphos, fenitrothion and acehate had higher waiting period of 10 DAS which might be due to slower rate of degradation. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 109-114

scholarly journals Translocation of residual ethoprophos and tricyclazole from soil to spinach

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Yuan ◽  
Junghak Lee ◽  
Heeju Han ◽  
Boeun Ju ◽  
Eunyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Residual Amount

AbstractThe dissipation of ethoprophos and tricyclazole in soil and their translocation tendency to spinach were investigated. Prior to field trials, the analytical method for the determination of these pesticide residues was optimized and validated on soil and spinach. The field trial was conducted under greenhouse conditions for two different pretreatment periods with the pesticides. After treating with pesticides 30 (PBI-30) and 60 days (PBI-60) before seeding, soil samples were collected on different days for the dissipation study of soil. Spinach samples were harvested from the soil, and 50% and 100% mature spinach samples were collected. The initial amounts of ethoprophos residue in the PBI-60 and PBI-30 soils were 0.21 and 2.74 mg/kg, respectively, and these both decreased to less than 0.01 mg/kg on the day of spinach harvest. Similar initial residues of tricyclazole were observed in the PBI-60 (0.87 mg/kg) and PBI-30 soils (0.84 mg/kg), and these decreased to 0.44 and 0.34 mg/kg, respectively. The half-lives of ethoprophos in the soils were calculated as 7.6 and 4.8 days, respectively, while relatively long half-lives of 36.5 and 77.0 days were calculated for tricyclazole. According to the pesticide residue amounts in the spinach, the translocation rate from the soil to the spinach was determined. In the case of ethoprophos, the residual amount was already rapidly degraded in the soil, and the translocation rate could not be confirmed. On the other hand, for tricyclazole, it was confirmed that 1.19 to 1.61% of the residual amount in soil was transferred to spinach. According to these results, safe management guidelines for tricyclazole in soil were suggested considering the maximum residue limit on spinach.

scholarly journals Determination of pre-harvest interval for dimethoate and quinalphos in selected vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Md Sultan Ahmed ◽  
Afroza Begum ◽  
Debasish Sarker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Hyacinth Bean

The study was undertaken to determine the pre-harvest interval (PHI) for dimethoate and quinalphos in cauliflower, eggplant and hyacinth bean depending on Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by European Union. Six supervised field trials were conducted and sprayed with the recommended dose (2 ml/L of water) of each pesticide. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 days after spray (DAS). The collected samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) with Flame Thermionized Detector (FTD) for the determination of pesticide residue. The quantities of residue were above MRL up to 9 DAS for quinalphos in cauliflower, 7 DAS in hyacinth bean, 8 DAS in eggplant; 11 DAS for dimethoate in cauliflower, 10 DAS in hyacinth bean, and 9 DAS in eggplant. At 11 DAS, no residue was detected from any of the tested samples except dimethoate in cauliflower. The determined PHI for quinalphos was 10 DAS in cauliflower, 8 DAS in hyacinth bean and 9 DAS in eggplant. In case of dimethoate it was 12 DAS in cauliflower, 11 DAS in hyacinth bean and 10 DAS in eggplant. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (1), 42-47

scholarly journals Estimation of residue degradation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in brinjal, tomato and cauliflower under supervised field trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Md Sultan Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Dalower Hossain Prodhan ◽  
Afroza Begum ◽  
Marina Afroze ◽  
Debasish Sarker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Electron Capture Detector ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Residue

A study was carried out to detect and estimate the residue of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in brinjal, tomato and cauliflower using Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD) and Flame Thermionic Detector (FTD). Three supervised field trials were conducted and sprayed with the recommended dose of cypermethrin (1 ml/L of water) and chlorpyrifos (3 ml/L of water) in three vegetables by knapsack sprayer. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 days after spray (DAS). The quantity of cypermethrin residue was above EU-MRLs (Maximum Residue Limit set by European Union) up to 4 DAS with 0.538 mg/kg in cauliflower; 3 DAS with 0.508 mg/kg in brinjal and 0.695 mg/kg in tomato. The quantity decreased down 0.328-0.019 mg/kg in cauliflower (4-9 DAS); 0.098-0.012 mg/kg (4-7 DAS) in brinjal and 0.458-0.022 mg/kg (4-7 DAS) in tomato which were below EU-MRLs (0.5 mg/kg). The quantity of chlorpyrifos residue was above EU-MRLs up to 9 DAS with 0.012 mg/kg in cauliflower but in brinjal and tomato, the detected quantities were above EU-MRLs up to 7 DAS with 0.029 mg/kg and 0.017 mg/kg residue. No residue was detected from brinjal and tomato samples collected at 8 DAS. But in cauliflower, no residue was detected at 10 days after spray. So, brinjal, tomato and cauliflower can be harvested safely at 4 DAS and 5 DAS for cypermethrin and in case of chlorpyrifos it was 8 DAS in brinjal and tomato and 10 DAS in cauliflower. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2021, 6 (2), 60-67

Touch-Based Access to Mobile Internet

2011 ◽  
pp. 231-253
Author(s):  
Minna Isomursu ◽  
Mari Ervasti
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Content Design

This chapter reports user experience findings from two field trials, where Mobile Internet access was supported through Near Field Communication (NFC)-based tag infrastructure, The first field trial was done in public urban environment with the infrastructure of 2650 tags and 248 users, and the other field trial dealt with mobile learning with the infrastructure of 11 tags and 220 users. The authors results show that touch-based interaction can provide enhancement to the Mobile Internet user experience. Touch-based access builds a semantic bridge between the physical context of use and the Mobile Internet experience, the user experience converges seamlessly into one where both the physical and digital worlds play a role. The authors report and analyze the subjective experiences of the end users collected during the field trials. As a result, they summarize recommendations for interface and content design.

scholarly journals Flexible modelling of spatial variation in agricultural field trials with the R package INLA

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 3277-3293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lie Selle ◽  
Ingelin Steinsland ◽  
John M. Hickey ◽  
Gregor Gorjanc
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
R Package ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Combining Data

Abstract Key message Established spatial models improve the analysis of agricultural field trials with or without genomic data and can be fitted with the open-source R package INLA. Abstract The objective of this paper was to fit different established spatial models for analysing agricultural field trials using the open-source R package INLA. Spatial variation is common in field trials, and accounting for it increases the accuracy of estimated genetic effects. However, this is still hindered by the lack of available software implementations. We compare some established spatial models and show possibilities for flexible modelling with respect to field trial design and joint modelling over multiple years and locations. We use a Bayesian framework and for statistical inference the integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) implemented in the R package INLA. The spatial models we use are the well-known independent row and column effects, separable first-order autoregressive ($$\mathrm{AR1} \otimes \mathrm{AR1}$$ AR 1 ⊗ AR 1 ) models and a Gaussian random field (Matérn) model that is approximated via the stochastic partial differential equation approach. The Matérn model can accommodate flexible field trial designs and yields interpretable parameters. We test the models in a simulation study imitating a wheat breeding programme with different levels of spatial variation, with and without genome-wide markers and with combining data over two locations, modelling spatial and genetic effects jointly. The results show comparable predictive performance for both the $$\mathrm{AR1} \otimes \mathrm{AR1}$$ AR 1 ⊗ AR 1 and the Matérn models. We also present an example of fitting the models to a real wheat breeding data and simulated tree breeding data with the Nelder wheel design to show the flexibility of the Matérn model and the R package INLA.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Dissipation Behavior of Defoliants in Cotton Fiber during Field and Scouring Process Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingbo Ma ◽  
Pirah Ayaz ◽  
Wanhui Jin ◽  
Munir Hussain ◽  
Wenlong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Scouring Process ◽  
Applied Fields

Defoliants carried by cotton fiber could harm production workers and consumers through respiratory and dermal exposure. This study was carried out to evaluate the dissipation behavior of four commonly used defoliants tribufos, diuron, thidiazuron, and ethephon in cotton fiber during field stage and also in cotton scouring using liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Field trials showed that although all the defoliants dissipated fast, however, the fiber from the tribufos and ethephon applied field had considerable potential to exceed the maximum residue limit when the fiber was harvested at common intervals after application of defoliants. The defoliant residues could be removed completely from the defoliant-carrying cotton textiles during alkaline scouring. The results indicated that attention should be paid to the risk of occupational exposure to these defoliants rather than consumer exposure. Fiber harvest on the tribufos and ethephon applied fields is recommended after a 1-week delay in order to reduce the residues to an acceptable level.

Field Trials of the 1987 Draft of Chapter V (F) of ICD-10

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

IntroductionThis paper will review the major objectives and study design of the Field Trials of the draft chapter on Mental Behavioural and Developmental Disorders in the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), now in preparation. The text used in this Field Trial is the Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines, which is more elaborate than the Short Glossary for this chapter that will be published in the main volume of ICD-10. The text for the former will be published together with the Diagnostic Criteria for Research and other parts of the WHO family of instruments relevant to mental health.

Expectations and user experience of a multimodal medicine management system for older users

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Harjumaa ◽  
Igone Idigoras ◽  
Minna Isomursu ◽  
Ainara Garzo
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Management System ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medicine Management ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Older Users

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the adoption of a multimodal medication management system (MMS) targeted on older people and home care professionals. The paper aims to describe the expectations of the system and the user experience findings from an empirical qualitative field trial. The field trial results are used to discuss how MMSs should be designed in order to improve adherence to medications. Design/methodology/approach – The paper suggests that building a multimodal medicine management system targeted on both older users and home care professionals brings many benefits over electronic medicine dispenser systems or general reminder systems. The research process uses an iterative prototyping approach including phases of requirements analysis and concept design, prototype building and evaluation in a field trial. Findings – The study demonstrates how a system that merely satisfied users during the prototype building phase does not necessarily succeed as well as expected in the field trials. It would be important to consider reasons for medication non-adherence and non-technology factors influencing willingness to adopt new assistive devices in order to promote diffusion of new MMSs at home. The paper also discusses how the different persuasive functionalities of the system addressed patient-centred factors influencing non-adherence and how they could be addressed. Research limitations/implications – This study has some limitations. The actual adherence to medications was not measured. However, in the future, it will be important to study how the MMSs influence medication adherence. Also, the user experiences of the home care professionals were not studied in the field trials. Home care professionals who were involved in the user studies and trials merely estimated the value for their patients and not for themselves. Originality/value – This paper analyses design issues relevant when designing systems to help older people manage their medications.

Field Trial of the NoPig Inspection System

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman K. Choudhary ◽  
Rachel Lee ◽  
Robert Worthingham
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Girth Welds

The NoPig system is an above ground metal-loss detection tool utilizing magnetics. Sensors at ground level detect disturbances in the magnetic field around the pipeline generated by impressed alternating current (AC) signals. This tool is intended for use on segments of pipeline which are considered unpiggable. Previous field trials indicated the tool was capable of detecting metal-loss in small diameter seamless pipe. Trials on electric resistance weld (ERW) or double submerged arc weld (DSAW) pipe were inconclusive. Modifications have been made to the NoPig hardware and analysis software to correct for the non-uniform magnetic fields produced by seamed pipe and girth welds. The study reported in this paper is a field trial of the modified inspection system. Recently inline inspected pipelines of nominal pipe size (NPS) 12 and 16 were selected for survey. Pipeline segments where significant metal-loss was detected from Inline Inspection (ILI) were selected for the blind test. Eight hundred meter sections of pipeline were surveyed at each of these locations to ensure a range of pipe conditions were included. After all surveys were complete, significant features were excavated and actual measurements were obtained. This paper describes the field inspection program as well as the analysis process used to verify the detection capabilities of the modified NoPig system. The results will include discussion of the positional accuracy, detection capability and threshold of the system. This analysis will help determine if the NoPig system is suitable alternative for assessing the integrity of unpiggable pipeline segments.

Response To Bunker Fuel Oil: The Options

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lunel ◽  
Louise Davies
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Rule Of Thumb ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Bunker Fuel

ABSTRACT As a general “rule of thumb,” a dispersant response is not the most appropriate response to a spill of Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO)-380 bunker fuel oil However, as with all rules of thumb, there are some exceptions. There has been increasing evidence that a limited number of oil spill dispersants can be used on certain types of oil spill where previously dispersants would not have been considered. A new dispersant tested in field trials carried out by AEA Technology in 1997 (Lunel and Lewis, 1999), indicated that there might be an opportunity to treat viscous emulsions and bunker fuel oils by dispersant spraying. Following these field trials, AEA Technology undertook a number of laboratory-based studies, including tests in France during the first week of the Erika spill, which indicate that IFO-180 and IFO-380 bunker fuel oils may be dispersible under favorable conditions when fresh and when lightly emulsified. At present, the authors conclude that the rule of thumb—a dispersant response is not likely to be the most appropriate response to most spills of IFO-380—holds. However, the authors believe that there may be some conditions when a dispersant response can be considered as part of a response to a spill of IFO-380 to reduce the volume of oil beaching. It has been recognized by most experts dealing with this issue that a field trial is needed to establish the validity of this assertion. In the absence of a field trial, the authors believe that a dispersant response to IFO-380 can be considered providing that:The reduction of volume beaching will result in a significant net environmental or economic benefit.The sea temperature is 10°–15°C or greater.The dispersant to be used is COREXIT®9500, Dasic Slickgone LTSW, Inipol 90, or Superdispersant 25.The characteristics of the IFO-380 are known and have been assessed by an oil spill expert at the time of the spill.In situ monitoring is in place to assess whether the response is effective.

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