scholarly journals Leaf Characteristics and Yield Performance of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Varieties under Different Levels of Shading

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
M A Hossain ◽  
M A Hasan ◽  
S Sikder ◽  
A K M M B Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Shade Condition ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the leaf characteristics and yield performances of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under different light levels at the Crop Physiology and Ecology Research Field of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during March to June 2016. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Three light levels (L100 - 100 % light intensity, L75- 75 % light intensity and L50- 50% light intensity) were assigned in the main plots and four varieties (BARl Mung-6, BINA Mung-8, BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug-4) were assigned in subplots. Mosquito nets of different pore size were used for maintaining 75 and 50 percent light intensity. Leaf area was increased due to reduced light levels in all mugbean varieties but the increment was significant in BINA Mung-5 and BINA Mung-8 only at 75% light intensity at 40 days after sowing and only in BARI Mung-6 with L50 and BU Mug-4 with L75 and L50at 50 days after sowing. Due to reduced light levels, leaf dry weight was affected more in BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug- 4 than BARI Mung-6 and BINA Mung-8. Leaf thickness was reduced under shade in all the mungbean varieties, except in BU Mug-4 at 75% light intensity, and the reduction in leaf thickness was mainly due to the reduction in thickness of spongy layer. The palisade layer thickness was influenced insignificantly but spongy layer thickness was increased in BINA Mung-5 at 100% light intensity. The grain yields (t ha-1) of BARI Mung-6 and BINA Mung-8 remained stable under partial shade condition but the grain yield of BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug-4 was reduced drastically under partial shade condition. Higher leaf dry weight, number of pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, and heavier grains in BARI Mung-6 and BINA Mung-8 contributed to the higher grain yield plant-1 under partial shade condition than in BINA Mung-5 and BU Mug-4.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 40-51

scholarly journals Substrate Acidification by Geranium: Light Effects and Phosphorus Uptake

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Substrate Ph

Sudden pH decline (SPD) describes the situation where crops growing at an appropriate pH rapidly (within 1–2 weeks) cause the substrate pH to shift downward one to two units. ‘Designer Dark Red’ geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) were grown in three experiments to assess possible effects of light on SPD and phosphorous (P) uptake. The first experiment tested the effect of four light intensities (105, 210, 575, and 1020 ± 25 μmol·m−2·s−1) on substrate acidification. At 63 days, substrate pH declined from 6.0 to 4.8 as light intensity increased. Tissue P of plants grown at the highest two light levels was extremely low (0.10%–0.14% of dry weight). P stress has been reported to cause acidification. Because plants in the two lowest light treatments had adequate P, it was not possible to determine if the drop in substrate pH was a direct light effect or a combination of light and P. The second experiment used a factorial combination of the three highest light levels from Expt. 1 and five preplant P rates (0, 0.065, 0.13, 0.26, or 0.52 g·L−1 substrate) to assess this question. When tissue P concentrations were deficient, pH decreased by 0.6 to 1.0 pH units within 2 weeks and deficiency occurred more often with high light intensity. These data indicated that P deficiency caused substrate acidification and indicated the possibility that P uptake was suppressed by high light intensity. The third experiment was conducted in hydroponics to determine the direct effect of high light intensity on P uptake. In this experiment, cumulative P uptake per gram root and the rate of P uptake per gram root per day both decreased 20% when light intensity increased from 500 to 1100 μmol·m−2·s−1. It is clear from this study that P deficiency causes geraniums to acidify the substrate and that high light suppresses P uptake.

scholarly journals Leaf Characteristics and Grain Yield of Three Aromatic Rice Cultivars as Influenced by 6-Benzylaminopurine

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
M. C. Devsharmma ◽  
B. C. Sarker ◽  
S. K. Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To explore the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice the present investigation was carried out. The experimental materials comprising four concentrations of BAP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm) and three aromatic rice cultivars (Chinigura, Kataribhog and Kalijira). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Statistical analysis indicated that leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice were significantly influenced by the concentrations of BAP. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf dry weight, panicle length, 500-grain weight and grain yield were increased with the increasing concentration of BAP. Among the concentrations, the 90 ppm of BAP performed better regarding the parameters studied. Maximum number of leaf, longest leaf, maximum leaf dry weight, highest length breadth ratio of leaf and maximum 500-grain weight was observed in Kataribhog which was statistically at par with that of Kalijira. Broader leaf was observed in Chinigura, whereas longest panicle and highest grain yield was recorded from Kalijira. Among different treatment combinations the highest grain yield (4.10 t ha-1) was recorded from Kalijira × 90 ppm BAP treatment and the lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1) was recorded from Chinigura × control treatment.

Photosynthetic apparatus in Selaginella. I. Morphology and photosynthesis under different light and temperature regimes

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jagels
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
Branching Patterns

Several hydrophytic and umbrophilic species of Selaginella were grown in sterile culture and scrutinized for morphological and photosynthetic variability under light intensities between 0 and 500 ft-c and temperatures of 9° and 22 °C. Bleaching was induced by raising light intensity; and for a particular light intensity was enhanced by lowering temperature. Regreening could be achieved by reversing conditions. Branching patterns, leaf symmetry, and orientation of leaves to axis were also light dependent. Light levels which produced normal green plants for S. uncinata initiated only half-saturation photosynthetic rates. Photosaturating light intensities, if applied for several weeks, induced bleaching. Based on fresh or dry weight bleaching plants had lower photosynthetic rates than green plant's; but based on chlorophyll content the photosynthetic rates of green and bleaching plants were the same.

Relationship between Crop Growth Parameters and Seed Yield in CMS Analogues in Sunflower

Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (62) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tyagi ◽  
S. K. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

AbstractNine new cms analogues on the base of diversified cms sources were developed and evaluated for morphological, agronomic, physiological and biochemical traits, including the field resistance to the prevalent diseases of sunflower under Punjab conditions. As a result of this study, the most prospective cms analogues were designated for future use in hybrid breeding programme. The results revealed that selection for tall plants with large head size and high chlorophyll content may be associated with high grain yield as well as oil content and high oleic acid content in sunflower. Leaf dry weight, biological yield, harvest index, specific leaf weight and relative leaf water content had direct positive effect on grain yield. The harvest index, specific leaf weight/plant, leaf area index and leaf area had indirect effects (through leaf dry weight) on grain yield. These traits are advocated as selection criteria for grain yield improvement in sunflower.

The Effect of Reduced Light Intensity on Grass Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasin ◽  
Eva Rosenqvist ◽  
Christian Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Reduced Light

The effect of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of three common grass weeds, blackgrass, silky windgrass, and annual bluegrass, was studied. Two identical greenhouse experiments displaced in time were performed with six light levels aiming at 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 90%, and 95% shade corresponding to a mean daily light integral (DLI) of 12.4, 9.63, 7.13, 2.74, 0.95, and 0.69 mol m−2d−1in experiment 1 and 21.2, 18.0, 10.7, 3.71, 1.64, 1.20 mol m−2d−1in experiment 2. Climate screens of acrylic fabric were used to create the light levels. A DLI of 0.69 to 3.71 mol m−2d−1substantially reduced the plant height, the number of leaves, leaf chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and dry matter of blackgrass. It also reduced plant height, the number of leaves, and dry matter and delayed flowering of windgrass and annual bluegrass. Annual bluegrass reacted most rapidly when light levels increased from the lowest levels by producing more leaves. DLI thresholds for blooming were estimated to be about 7.13 mol m−2d−1for windgrass and 1.64 mol m−2d−1for annual bluegrass. Annual bluegrass was able to bloom and sustain biomass even at a DLI of 1.64 mol m−2d−1. This ability may contribute to an explanation of why annual bluegrass is among the most common weed species in highly competitive and well-fertilized crops even though it is much smaller than the two other grass species.

scholarly journals Azadirachta Indica A. Juss: Wood Ash Affects Seedling Growth of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Mohammad Athar Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The burning of the wood ash is causing an environmental pollution related issue. The excess concentration of wood ash in the environment normally influenced on plant growth and development. This paper presents the effects of neem wood ash (Azadirachta inidca A. Juss.) on germination and seedling growth performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop plants. Overall, the data reveals significant (p<0.05) effects of neem wood ash on the different growth variable of mung bean. The treatment of 4-20% neem wood ash significantly (p<0.05) affected shoot length of mung bean as compared to control. Neem wood ash treatment at all concentration produced fewer toxic effects on root and leaf growth of mung bean. The neem wood ash treatment at 20% also produced significantly (p<0.05) toxic effects on root and leaf dry weight of mung bean. Whereas, neem wood ash treatment at all level did produce any significant effects on shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight and leaf area ratio of mung bean.

scholarly journals Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Kacang Hijau terhadap Lama Genangan

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Dwi Lestari ◽  
Andy Wijanarko ◽  
Dan Henny Kuntyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The objective of this research was to determine growth and yield responses of three mungbean varieties to waterlogging duration. The experiment was conducted at a screenhouse of ILETRI, Malang, East Java, from October to December 2016 using Alfisol soil from Probolinggo, East Java. The experiment consisted of two factors that were laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was mungbean varieties, namely Sriti, Vima 1, and Vima 2. The second factor was waterlogging durations, namely 0, 2, 4, and 6 days. The waterlogging treatments started at 20 days after planting. Mungbean plants fertilized with 250 kg Phonska ha-1 at the time of planting. The results showed that waterlogging treatments had negative effects on growth of the three varieties, indicated by a reduction in stem dry weight and leaf dry weight of the plants. Sriti variety was tolerant to waterlogging, Vima 1 was moderate tolerant, and Vima 2 was sensitive.Keywords: Alfisol soil, Vigna radiata, waterlogging stress

The role of cotyledons in early development of pine seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Proportional Decrease

The role of photosynthetically active cotyledons on development of young red pine (pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings, and especially on growth of primary needles, was studied over a 30-day period. Photosynthesis of cotyledons, as measured with an infrared CO2 analyzer, was variously reduced by photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides (atrazine, simazine, propazine, monuron), by reduced light intensity, or by combinations of these. When photosynthesis of cotyledons was completely eliminated shortly after seed germination, the primary needles failed to expand, and dry weight production by seedlings was inhibited. Partial reduction of photosynthesis by herbicides, low light intensity, or both of these was followed by proportional decrease in expansion of primary needles and reduction in dry weight increment of seedlings. Reduced photosynthesis in cotyledons inhibited expansion of primary needles rather than formation of their primordia which occurred early in ontogeny. Growth of cotyledons appeared to utilize carbohydrate reserves to a large extent as cotyledons of many plants emerged even in the dark.

LEAF GROWTH IN MARQUIS WHEAT, AS REGULATED BY TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY, AND DAYLENGTH

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend ◽  
V. A. Helson ◽  
J. E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The area of a fully-grown leaf lamina varied according to its position on the stem, and the temperature, light intensity, and photoperiod under which the plant was grown.In continuous illumination, raising the temperature by 5° intervals between 10 and 25 °C, resulted in progressively higher rates of leaf initiation, emergence, and expansion. The length of the lamina increased with each increase in temperature, but the breadth and thickness decreased. The greatest area of individual leaves was formed at 20 °C. Each increase in light intensity over the range 200, 500, 1000, 1750, and 2500 ft-c resulted in higher rates of leaf initiation, emergence, and expansion, and increases in breadth and thickness, but a decrease in length. The greatest area was formed at 1000–1750 ft-c.An increase in daylength from 8 to 24 hours increased leaf length, breadth, and area. This was a photoperiodic effect, unlike the increase in thickness with increased daylength, which was related to the total light energy received.Changes in leaf shape under different environmental conditions were not directly related to changes in leaf dry weight. A control of leaf growth by hormonal mechanisms sensitive to photoperiod seems more probable than does control by internal competition for assimilates among developing leaves.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Shading on Performance of Leafy Vegetables

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Zannatul Firdaus Binte Habib ◽  
Md. Rashedul Hassan ◽  
Nazmun Naher ◽  
Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Shade Condition ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Open Field Condition

A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from March, 2019 to June, 2019. The aim of the study was to select best summer leafy vegetables, suitable for holding under different shade condition in agroforestry systems. The selected vegetables were also grown in control i.e., open field condition or in full sunlight. The vegetables were Indian Spinach, Stem Amaranth, and Red Amaranth and treatments were T0= planting summer leafy vegetables under full sunlight, T1= planting summer leafy vegetables under 50% shade condition (reduced light intensity) and T2 = planting summer leafy vegetables under 75% shade condition (reduced light intensity). The experiment was laid out following single factor RCBD design. Three replications were used for each treatment for each crop. During the study period maximum light intensity reduction was recorded in Red Amaranth (48.28%) in 75% shade condition and minimum light intensity was reduced in case of Indian Spinach (26.14%) under 50% shade condition. The reduced light intensity had substantial effects on various growth parameters of the summer leafy vegetables. From the experiment, significant result was observed in all morphological characteristics for all leafy vegetables under reduced light intensity. Apart from this, highest yield was found in Stem Amaranth (22.33 ton/ha) and Indian Spinach (13.83 ton/ha) in 75% shade condition. Highest yield of Indian Spinach (19.40 ton/ha), Stem Amaranth (27.25 ton/ha) and Red Amaranth (11.30 ton/ha) was recorded under full sunlight. Considering shade condition, Stem Amaranth and Indian Spinach were best suitable for growing in Agroforestry systems.

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