scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and areca (Areca catechu L.) nuts against food borne and oral pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Masuda Khatun ◽  
Md Mahfuzul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and areca nut (Areca catechu) against six food borne enteric pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (icddr,b), Salmonella typhimurium (AIM-40, icddr,b), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 12079) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 12079), and four oral pathogens such as isolates 1 & 2 of each of the two bacteria viz. Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. was investigated. Ethanol extract of betel leaf produced highest zone of inhibition (18.0 ± 1.91 mm) against Staphylococcus epidermidis (icddr,b) whereas that of areca nut produced highest zone of inhibition (15.0 ± 0.816 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). But no inhibition was found against Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC AIM-40, icddr,b), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 12079) by the Ethanol extract of betel leaf. The MIC and MBC values of both ethanol extracts indicated that Gram positive organisms were more susceptible than Gram negative organisms. Highest antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf was found against the isolate 1 of Staphylococcus sp. (16.5±0.5) and that of areca nut was recorded against the isolate 1 of Staphylococcus sp. (12.0±0.5) and the isolate 2 of Pseudomonas sp. (12.0±0.5). Present study reveals the potentials of both the extracts to inhibit food borne enteric and oral pathogens that could be used as food preservatives to prevent the food borne illness as well as for maintaining the oral and gut health. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 1, June 2021, pp 15-19

scholarly journals Isolasi, Identifikasi Senyawa Alkaloid Dan Uji Efektivitas Penghambatan Dari Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn L. Kapondo ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Meilani Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Density Values

Abstract: Betel leaf (Piper betle L) contains alkaloid compounds and has antibacterial and antiseptic functions. The purpose of this research was to isolated alkaloid compounds also to tested the effectiveness of inhibition of the betel leaf extract against the Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial growth. Simplicia betel leaf was extracted used 96% of ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity tested of betel leaf extract with a concentration variation of 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% using the liquid dilution method. The results of identification of alkaloid isolates used UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method can be known alkaloid compounds contained in betel leaves include alkaloids with indole base framework that was absorption at 262 nm and 274 nm wavelengths. The results of the effectiveness of betel leaf on Bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis used the liquid dilution method showed that betel leaf extract with Optical density values at concentrations of 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% before and after incubation decreased respectively by -0.347, -0.304, -0.192 and -0.104, while at a concentration of 5% there was increase in Optical density values of 0.162. From the results of the research, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of betel leaf contains an alkaloid with an indole base framework and was inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with a MIC at a concentration of 10%.Keywords: betel leaf, Staphylococcus epidermidis, alkaloid compound, liquid dilution.  Abstrak: Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan memiliki fungsi sebagai antibakteri dan antiseptik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa alkaloid dan menguji efektivitas penghambatan dari ekstrak daun sirih hijau terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Simplisia daun sirih hijau diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih dengan variasi konsentrasi 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% dan 5% menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Hasil identifikasi terhadap isolat alkaloid menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dapat diketahui senyawa alkaloid yang terkandung dalam daun sirih termasuk alkaloid dengan kerangka dasar Indol yang mempunyai serapan pada panjang gelombang 262 nm dan 274 nm. Hasil uji efektivitas daun sirih terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan metode dilusi cair menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih dengan nilai densitas optik pada konsentrasi 25%, 20%, 15% dan 10% sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi mengalami penurunan berturut-turut sebesar -0.347, -0.304, -0.192 dan -0.104, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 5% mengalami kenaikan nilai densitas optik sebesar 0.162. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirih mengandung alkaloid dengan kerangka dasar indol dan memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 10%.Kata Kunci: daun sirih, Staphylococcus epidermidis, senyawa alkaloid, dilusi cair.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Dudi Runadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

Antibacterial Activity of Dacryodes edulis Seed Extracts on Food-Borne Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Omogbai ◽  
TO Eneh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis ◽  
Seed Extracts

The antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of Dacryodes edulis was studied using agar diffusion technique. Extracts tested at a final concentration 2000;g/ml produced in vitro antibacterial activities in assays against food-borne bacterial isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis. The highest zone of inhibition was obtained from ethanol extract at 2000;g/ml against Escherichia coli with a diameter of 28mm.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the water extract ranged between 62.5-500;g/ml and 125-1000;g/ml respectively. The MIC and MBC of the ethanol extract ranged between 31.25-250;g/ml and 62.5-500;g/ml. The percentage inhibition of the isolates at 1000;g/ml was more in the ethanol extract (65.4-95.5%) compared to the water extract (30-2-60.2%). This study shows that the extracts of Dacryodes edulis have potential usage as a food preservative and pharmaceutical preparation. Keywords: Dacryodes edulis, Antibacterial activity, Aqueous, Ethanolic, Seed extract

scholarly journals FORMULASI DAN EFEK ANTIBAKTERI MASKER PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphlococcous epidermidis

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Regita Daimunon ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽  
Imam Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Power Test ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Physical Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACT Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins, which could inhibit bacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate, evaluate, and to test the effectiveness of antibacterial preparations for the Kersen leaf ethanol extracts mask.  This study uses the experimental method by testing the parameters of the physical evaluation requirements for the masker. Physical evaluation of preparations included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, scattering power test, dry time test, sticky test and cycling test, all tests were carried out before and after cycling test. The results of the preparation study meet the requirements of physical evaluation before the cycling test but after the cycling test is is not in accordance to the requirements for the preparation of the peel-off mask. The antibacterial test of mask peel-off ethanol extract of Kersen's leaves on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria produced a moderate inhibition. So it can be concluded that the ethanol extracts of Kersen leaves at a concentration of 20%.  can be formulated as a peel-off mask that is physically stable and has moderate antibacterial activity.Keywords: Kersen, Peel-off mask, Antibacterial, Staphlococcous epidermidis ABSTRAK Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang mampu menghambat aktivitas bakteri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi, mengevaluasi, serta menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan masker peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Kersen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental dengan melakukan pengujian parameter persyaratan evaluasi fisik masker peel-off. Evaluasi fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji waktu sediaan mengering, uji daya lekat dan uji cycling test semua pengujian dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cycling test. Hasil penelitian sediaan memenuhi persyaratan eveluasi fisik sebelum uji cycling test namun setelahnya tidak sesuai dengan persyaratan sediaan masker peel-off. Penelitian uji antibakteri masker peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Kersen pada bakteri staphylococcus epidermidis menghasilkan daya hambat yang sedang. Dapat disimpulkan pada kosentrasi 20% ekstrak etanol daun Kersen dapat diformulasi sebagai sediaan masker peel-off yang stabil secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang sedang .Kata kunci : Kersen, Masker peel-off, Antibakteri, Staphlococcous  epidermidis

scholarly journals Ethanol Extract of Areca Nuts was Able to Improve the Histopathological Features of P. Berghei-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Alissa Anna Safira ◽  
Ika Fidianingsih ◽  
Dwi Nur Ahsani
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Different Types

Abstract: Adequate therapy is necessary to prevent further damage to the liver infected with Plasmodium sp. Areca catechu and curcumin have the potential for malaria therapy, and scientific evidence is required to examine such potential either alone or in combination. This experimental study used a posttest-only group design involving 24 male Swiss mice (Mus musculus) as the subjects divided into 6 groups (@4 mice). P. berghei was injected intraperitoneally in 5 groups, and different types of treatment (4 days, feeding tube) were administered to 4 groups (K1 = chloroquine, K3 = ethanol extract of Areca nuts + curcumin, K4 = ethanol extract of Areca nuts, K5 = curcumin). The doses were 0.012mg/kgBW of chloroquine, 150mg/kgBW of Areca nut ethanol extract, and 30mg/kgBW of curcumin. K2 was the unhealthy group (infected with P. berghei without therapy), while K6 was the normal/healthy group. Parasitemia was examined in 3 days after induction by P. berghei (inclusion criterion: parasitemia >5%, exclusion criterion: parasitemia >15%). The liver was embedded in paraffin blocks and stained with HE. Observations were made to identify the presence of necrosis, portal inflammation, and hemosiderin. The data of histopathological changes in the liver was expressed in percentages. The administration of Areca nut ethanol extract was able to provide better histopathological features than curcumin therapy alone, in combination, or chloroquine therapy (K4, no necrosis; mild portal inflammation = 50%, moderate = 25%; hemosiderin = 25%). Areca nut ethanol extract had yet to show histopathological features that resembled a healthy condition (K6 = normal inflammation, mild, moderate = 50%, 50%, 0%, respectively; hemosiderin = 0%). The ethanol extract of Areca nuts alone was shortly able to improve the histopathological features of P. berghei-induced liver damage in mice. Keywords: Areca nuts, Plasmodium berghei, histopathology of liver

scholarly journals Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Edible Film Dosage from Ethanol Extract of Betel Leaves (Piper betle L) for Canker Sore Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Yenni Puspita Tanjung ◽  
Andi Ika Julianti ◽  
Aghnia Wulan Rizkiyani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Physical Evaluation ◽  
Bad Breath

Canker sore which in medical terms is called aphthous stomatitis is a wound in the mouth that can cause pain and discomfort. Piper betel leaf can be used for strengthening the teeth, cure canker sores, treat the bad breath and stop the gum from bleeding. The research aimed to determine the edible film formula of betel leaf ethanol extract that met the physical evaluation requirements and to determine the effect of variation concentration of sorbitol and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) on the physical evaluation. Edible film preparation from betel leaf extract is a thin layer made from the basic ingredients of corn starch, sorbitol, and HPMC. In this research, 3 edible film formulas were made with variations in the concentration of sorbitol and HPMC, namely: F1 (5%;5%), F2 (4%;4%), F3 (3%;3%). Data of evaluation results were analyzed statistics by Kruskal wallis method. The results showed that F1, F2 and F3 meet the physical evaluation requirements for edible film dosage. Variations in the concentration of sorbitol and HPMC gave different results significantly influence (p<0.05) on weight uniformity, film thickness, solubility and dissolution time, and did not significantly influence (p>0.05) on the organoleptic test, fragility of edible film, water resistance (swelling) and moisture content.Keywords: Betel leaf extract, edible film, HPMC, canker sore, sorbitol 

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK n-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT DAN ETANOL KULIT BATANG KAYU EBONI (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DIFUSI

KOVALEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Sumitriasih ◽  
Ahmad Ridhay ◽  
Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

A study was conducted on the antibacterial activity test on n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of ebony bark (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) using a diffusion method. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of ebony bark against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using n-hexane, ethyl acetate dan ethanol. The method of extraction used in this research was maceration method with three polarity levels of solvent. The antibacterial activity test was performed by diffusion-well test. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract gave the highest inhibition of 26.14 mm in gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and ethanol extract of 25.97 mm in gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Keywords: Ebony (Diospyros celebica. Bakh), Tree Bark, Inhibitory, Antibacterial

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Areca catechu against Some Opportunistic Oral Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Asma’a A. Faden
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Areca Catechu

The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Areca catechu seeds (known as areca nut: a component of a betel quid, where their chewing habitis a popular cultural tradition in some South East Asian countries used as an oral cleanser) have shown some antimicrobial potentials against some oral bacteria which are capable of causing opportunistic infections in the mouth. The objective of this study is to detect the antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Areca catechu against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Manystudies showed different antibacterial activity, depending on the Areca catechu extracts method, concentration, and the bacterium under test. The aqueous and methanolic extracts were added to growth medium of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activities of the attained fractions were assessed using agar-well diffusion test. In this study we have observed that the Methanolic extract inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, while aqueous extract was ineffective. In conclusion the methanolic extract of the Areca catechu seeds “areca nut” can be a potential source for developing antibacterial agent against E. coli and S. aureus which are commonly found on human oral cavity and responsible for some oral infections.

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