scholarly journals Ethanol Extract of Areca Nuts was Able to Improve the Histopathological Features of P. Berghei-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Alissa Anna Safira ◽  
Ika Fidianingsih ◽  
Dwi Nur Ahsani
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Different Types

Abstract: Adequate therapy is necessary to prevent further damage to the liver infected with Plasmodium sp. Areca catechu and curcumin have the potential for malaria therapy, and scientific evidence is required to examine such potential either alone or in combination. This experimental study used a posttest-only group design involving 24 male Swiss mice (Mus musculus) as the subjects divided into 6 groups (@4 mice). P. berghei was injected intraperitoneally in 5 groups, and different types of treatment (4 days, feeding tube) were administered to 4 groups (K1 = chloroquine, K3 = ethanol extract of Areca nuts + curcumin, K4 = ethanol extract of Areca nuts, K5 = curcumin). The doses were 0.012mg/kgBW of chloroquine, 150mg/kgBW of Areca nut ethanol extract, and 30mg/kgBW of curcumin. K2 was the unhealthy group (infected with P. berghei without therapy), while K6 was the normal/healthy group. Parasitemia was examined in 3 days after induction by P. berghei (inclusion criterion: parasitemia >5%, exclusion criterion: parasitemia >15%). The liver was embedded in paraffin blocks and stained with HE. Observations were made to identify the presence of necrosis, portal inflammation, and hemosiderin. The data of histopathological changes in the liver was expressed in percentages. The administration of Areca nut ethanol extract was able to provide better histopathological features than curcumin therapy alone, in combination, or chloroquine therapy (K4, no necrosis; mild portal inflammation = 50%, moderate = 25%; hemosiderin = 25%). Areca nut ethanol extract had yet to show histopathological features that resembled a healthy condition (K6 = normal inflammation, mild, moderate = 50%, 50%, 0%, respectively; hemosiderin = 0%). The ethanol extract of Areca nuts alone was shortly able to improve the histopathological features of P. berghei-induced liver damage in mice. Keywords: Areca nuts, Plasmodium berghei, histopathology of liver

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang Muda (Areca catechu)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Sega Ade Lilyawati ◽  
Nurul Fitriani ◽  
Fajar Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Thrush is an oral disease caused by bacterial and fungal infections. Treatment for this disease can be done by administering drugs that contain antimicrobial compounds. This study aims to test the ethanol extract of young areca nut against bacteria and fungi that cause Oral thrush. Young betel nut extract is obtained through maceration process using 96% ethanol. Then the activity of the Streptococcus sanguis bacteria and Candida albican fungus was tested. This test used the well method which was carried out on 5 variations of the concentration of young areca nut extract (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; 10% and 15%) with one negative control (Na CMC). The results of the antimicrobial activity of young areca nut extract showed that young areca nut extract can inhibit Streptococcus sanguis bacteria with inhibition value are  (9,961; 11,319; 13,390; 14,184; 14,704 mm) and Candida albican fungus are (7,482; 10,923; 14,695; 15,742; 17,325 mm) on 5 variations of the concentration.

scholarly journals Abundance of Pollinator Insect (Forcipomyia spp .) of Cocoa Under Some Shade Trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Fakhrusy Zakariyya ◽  
Endang Sulistyowati ◽  
Dwi Suci Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sticky Trap ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Dry Seasons

Cocoa production is affected by cocoa flowering and fruiting. The factor affects fruit seeting is pollinator agent such as Forcipomyia spp. Until now, information concerning population dynamics of Forcipomyia in some models of cocoa shading trees remains limited. This research was studied to observe the population dynamics of Forcipomyia spp. in some models of cocoa shading trees, namely lamtoro (Leucaena sp.), krete (Cassia surithensis) and areca nut (Areca catechu) in two main season of rainy and dry seasons. The research was conducted in Kaliwining research station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, by surveying the existing cocoa under different types of shading trees as mentioned above. The insects were observed using modified sticky trap method, whilst micro climate condition was also observed. The highest population was in January (rainy season) under Leucaena spp. shade tress and the lowest population was in October under all type of the shading trees. There was no relationship between microclimate condition under cocoa trees (temperature, RH and light intensity) and Forcipomyia spp. population (r = 0.08 and 0.04).

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and areca (Areca catechu L.) nuts against food borne and oral pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Masuda Khatun ◽  
Md Mahfuzul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and areca nut (Areca catechu) against six food borne enteric pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (icddr,b), Salmonella typhimurium (AIM-40, icddr,b), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 12079) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 12079), and four oral pathogens such as isolates 1 & 2 of each of the two bacteria viz. Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. was investigated. Ethanol extract of betel leaf produced highest zone of inhibition (18.0 ± 1.91 mm) against Staphylococcus epidermidis (icddr,b) whereas that of areca nut produced highest zone of inhibition (15.0 ± 0.816 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). But no inhibition was found against Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC AIM-40, icddr,b), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 12079) by the Ethanol extract of betel leaf. The MIC and MBC values of both ethanol extracts indicated that Gram positive organisms were more susceptible than Gram negative organisms. Highest antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf was found against the isolate 1 of Staphylococcus sp. (16.5±0.5) and that of areca nut was recorded against the isolate 1 of Staphylococcus sp. (12.0±0.5) and the isolate 2 of Pseudomonas sp. (12.0±0.5). Present study reveals the potentials of both the extracts to inhibit food borne enteric and oral pathogens that could be used as food preservatives to prevent the food borne illness as well as for maintaining the oral and gut health. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 1, June 2021, pp 15-19

scholarly journals Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Naga Menurunkan Indikasi Neoplasia Mammae Tikus Putih Berdasarkan Histopatologi dan Inhibitor Siklooksigenase-2

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama ◽  
Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽  
Faisal Fikri ◽  
Amung Logam Saputro ◽  
Bodhi Agustono
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Dermal Injection

Cancer caused uncontrolled cell proliferation and triggered by changes on cell information that regulate growth function. Each cell has different potential so many cancer prevalence such as endometrial cancer, lymph node cancer, lung cancer, skin and mammary gland cancer. The aims of this study were to assess the potential of dragon fruit skin ethanolic extract on white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed 7,12- Dimethylbenz(á)antrasena (DMBA) on mammary gland based on histopathological features and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) intensity. This study were used 20 of rats randomly divided into five group and each groups consisted of four rats, i.e: K+ weren’t treated DMBA and extract; K- were treated with DMBA; P1 were treated with DMBA and extract 10 mg/kg BW; P2 were treated with DMBA and extract 15 mg/kg BW; P3 were treated with DMBA and extract 20 mg/kg BW. The DMBA was given by intra dermal injection during twice a week for five weeks and the extracts with gastric tube everyday till 14 days. The data was analyzed by Anova test and continued with Duncan test. The result showed that the histopathological features were decrease significantly on P3. The variables of Cox-2 intensity were decrease significantly on P1, P2 and P3. Conclusion of this study was ethanol extract of dragon fruit skin can decrease neoplastic indication of mammary gland on white rats (R. norvegicus) based on histopathological features and Cox-2 inhibitors.

scholarly journals Shunt Technology in Pediatric Neurosurgery: Current options and Scientific Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2(May-August)) ◽  
pp. e342020
Author(s):  
Luciano Lopes Furlanetti ◽  
Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero ◽  
Ricardo Santos De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Training ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the most common neurosurgical condition among children worldwide and shunt diversion of the cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) has been widely available. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review on types and models of shunt devices available and critically evaluate scientific evidence in favor of the usage of specific technologies. Methods: Searches of the PubMed database were performed for relevant articles published from until March 2020. Appropriate keywords were used to identify all studies, including: “shunt”, “technology”, “hydrocephalus”, “children”, “pediatric”. The indications and scientific evidence in favor of the usage of specific shunt technology for the treatment of hydrocephalus according to age, underlying pathology and other features of specific patients were discussed under the light of the current literature. Results: A total of 178 peer-reviewed papers were found. Out of them, only 21 matched our inclusion criteria and were finally selected. The papers were reviewed and described technology discussed below. A summary of the main types of shunts commercially available worldwide, including their respective working mechanism and construction was also included. Conclusion:Shunt technology has evolved during the last decades and continues to be intensively developed. Despite of the huge arsenal of different types of shunt systems currently available on the market, the treatment of hydrocephalus remains challenging. Investment in research, education and training, as well as prospective randomized multicentric controlled trials evaluating the role of specific valves in the treatment of individual group of hydrocephalic pediatric patients are urgently needed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Administration of Extract from Areca Nut Seeds (Areca Catechu L) on the Estradiol and Estrus Cycle Balb/C Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1477 ◽  
pp. 062026
Author(s):  
T Rina Aritonang ◽  
R Natzir ◽  
A Wardihan Sinrang ◽  
M Nasrum Massi ◽  
M Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Areca Catechu

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Sheath Rot of Areca Nut (Areca catechu) Caused by Athelia rolfsii from Tripura, India

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3070
Author(s):  
Deeba Kamil ◽  
Amar Bahadur ◽  
Prasenjit Debnath ◽  
Anjali Kumari ◽  
Shiv Pratap Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
First Report ◽  
Athelia Rolfsii ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Sheath Rot

Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: useful for athletes and active individuals? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Quero Calero ◽  
E. Ortega Rincón ◽  
P. Manonelles Marqueta
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Keywords Probiotics ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Academic Search

The purpose of this review was to synthesise available knowledge on the main health effects associated with the use of probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics in athletes and active individuals, including their effects on the immune system, oxidative stress, the gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, as well as other possible clinical outcomes. A systematic and comprehensive search in electronic databases, including Web of Science (WOS, Scielo), PubMed-MEDLINE, Biblioteca virtual de la Salud (LILACS, IBECS), EBSCO (Academic Search Complete CINAHL; SPORTDiscus) and Cochrane Library, focused on generic articles about probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics and their functionality and effects on human health. The search process was completed using the keywords: ‘probiotics’, ‘prebiotics’, ‘synbiotics’, ‘athletes’ and ‘health’. The only exclusion criterion was experimental studies with animals. A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The vast majority were experimental studies about probiotics and health effects (n=28), while only a few demonstrated the results of consuming prebiotics and/or synbiotics (n=3) in athletes and active individuals. Although most of the studies reported positive health effects in athletes and active individuals, there is still no substantial scientific evidence to suggest that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics play an important role in improving an athlete´s performance. These studies are currently limited in number and quality, hence it is necessary to improve the selection of functional biomarkers and methodological approaches, as well as determining the specific nutritional supplement and exercise doses.

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