scholarly journals Fontanelle as an Indicator of Hydrocephalus in Early Childhood

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Md. Rezaul Amin ◽  
Md. Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Akhlaque Hossain ◽  
Kanak Kanti Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Anterior Fontanelle ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Status ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: The parameters of fontanelle can be very reliable and helpful source to assess the internal status of hydrocephalus in early childhood. Methods and Materials: We have studied the parameters of 69 patients of hydrocephalus in early childhood to assess the status of hydrocephalus. All the patients - who were admitted in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2002 to December 2003. Results: All patients were evaluated clinically as well as with imaging study. The age range was from newborn to 12 months. There was male preponderance; male to female ratio was 2.6:1. Clinical evaluation of head and face showed 97.10% patients had open anterior fontanelle, 88.41% had apparent large head, 59.04% had presence of sunset sign. Analysis of anterior fontanelle showed 66.67% had bulged fontanelle, 30.43% had flat fontanelle and 2.90% had concave fontanelle. Evaluation of the clinical status of posterior fontanelle revealed that 23.19% had open posterior fontanelle. Among them 15.94% had bulged and 7.25% had flat fontanelle. Conclusion: By analyzing the result we found that clinical evaluation of fontanelle gives good guidance to assess the status of hydrocephalus in early childhood. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2011; Vol. 27 (2) : 83-86 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v27i2.17574

scholarly journals Early Outcome of Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection, Our Experience in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Mohammed Tanvir Jalal ◽  
Shahadot Hossain Sheikh ◽  
Md Rayhanur Rahman ◽  
Mesbah Uddin Noman ◽  
Jesmin Akhter Leena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominoperineal Resection ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Postoperative Outcomes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Early Outcome ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Age Range

Anorectal malignancies that require abdominoperineal resection (APR) is very common. Laparoscopic APR can be a better option. Laparoscopic APR has been seldom studied. This study aims to evaluate perioperative and early postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic APRs performed for the treatment of ano-rectal carcinomas. Patients operated for ano-rectal carcinoma between June 2011 to June 2013 in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) were observed. Demographics, tumor and procedure-related parameters, perioperative results, early postoperative outcomes and survival were observed. Total 22 patients were under went laparoscopic APR. Male: Female ratio was 15:7 (68.18%: 31.82%). Age range was from 30-65 years with a mean age of 36.55 years. Mean operation time was 165 minutes and mean post-operative hospital stay was 6.8 days. Overall complication rate was 45.45%. Laparoscopic APR is a safe, effective and technically feasible procedure. It can be a better operative procedure than open APR. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v8i2.20281 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2013;8(2): 53-55

scholarly journals Frequency of Retinoblastoma at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Tariq Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Group V ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Fellow Eye ◽  
Bilateral Retinoblastoma ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Aim: To ascertain the demographics, clinical features, and treatment options for children with retinoblastoma. Methods: This was a hospital-based cohort study of all children with retinoblastoma presenting from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008. Demographic data, presenting features, family history, and findings identified during examination were recorded for each patient. The tumours were classified using the Reese- Ellsworth classification system. Documentation of the tumours included examination under anesthesia, ultrasound B- scan, and computed tomography scan as well as histopathological reporting of enucleated eyes.Results: Twenty seven new patients with retinoblastoma were identified and 36 eyes were affected, with a bilaterality rate of 33%. The frequency was 4.1, with a bimodal peak of presentation of younger than 1 yearand 4 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.2 years (SD, 2.5 years; range, 3 months to 8 years). Most of the patients were boys, (59%) and most were in the age range of 1 to 5 years (66%). There was a male preponderance (5:1) amongst patients younger than 1 year and the male to female ratio was equal (1:1) in the 1 to 5 years age range. Leukocoria was the main presentation in 38% of eyes and 19% presented with proptosis. Enucleation/exenteration was performed for 17 unilateral eyes (94%) and 5 bilateral eyes (27%) with group V disease. Groups I and II tumours (n = 1 and n = 7 for unilateral and bilateral eyes, respectively) were treated conservatively with cryotherapy or chemotherapy alone or in combination. The commonest treatment for bilateral disease was enucleation of 1 eye and chemotherapy for the fellow eye (22%). Radiotherapy was advised for patients with histopathological evidence of optic nerve involvement (25%).Conclusions: Retinoblastoma usually affects infants and children younger than 5 years, with no sexual or racial predilection. One-third of patients demonstrate bilaterality, with leukocoria as the commonest presenting feature and proptosis as a feature of late presentation. In bilateral retinoblastoma, primary enucleation of one eye with conservative chemotherapy and/or cryotherapy of the fellow eye is advocated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Renal Function in Donar Following Kidney Donation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Waliul Islam ◽  
Probir Kumar Roy ◽  
Kartik Chandra Ghosh ◽  
Mohammad Al Amin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: To find out any changes in renal function in donor following kidney donation. Materials and Methods: A Hospital based prospective study was conducted in the Department of Urology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2011 to September 2012, Investigations included specific gravity and urinary microalbumin, ultrasonogram of kidneys, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 37 donors were enrolled in this study. Subsequent follow up were taken at the end of three months, six months and nine months. Data were evaluated by Paired t-test, Significance was defined p value<0.05. Results: The age range varied from 25 to 39 years and almost a half (45.9%) of patients had age belonged to 25-30 years and male to female ratio was 1:2.4. The mean baseline specific gravity was 1016.97±8.03, serum creatinine 1.03±0.24. The baseline urinary microalbumin was found nil and subsequent 1st,2nd, and 3rd follow up were also nil. The mean difference of specific gravity, serum creatinine (mg/dl) and GFR estimated by cretainine clearance rate and DPTA were almost consistent between baseline and the subsequent follow-up, no statistical significant (P>0.05) was found between baseline and the subsequent follow-up. Conclusion: Renal function of the remaining kidney in living donors does not significantly change after donor nephrectomy. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 19, No. 1, Jan 2016 p.18-22

Outcome of Patch Test on Crack Sole among Bangladeshi Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed Mohammad ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Zulfiqur Hossain Khan
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Test Result

Background: Crack sole may produce significant morbidity among the physical labourer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the patch test result in crack sole which was due to allergic contactants. Methodology: This test was conducted in the Department at Dermatology and Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2001 to June 2002 for a period of one year. Patients with crack sole were selected as study population. All patients were asked about the details clinical history. Patch test was done by individually prepared alminium Finn Chamber mounted on scanpore tape. Result: A total number of 15 patients were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The age range was 8 years to 70 years. Among 15 patients 3 patients were patch test positive remaining 12 patients were patch test negative. Two patient were female and one was male. Conclusion: In conclusion patch test is positive among the crack sole patients. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2020;7(2): 64-67

Haematological Disease Pattern at Specialized HOPD - A study in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Md. Rafiquzzaman Khan ◽  
Arifur Rahman ◽  
Khaza Amirul Islam ◽  
AQM Ashraful Haque ◽  
Masuda Begum
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Beta Thalassaemia ◽  
Hb E ◽  
Medical University

The aim of this retrospective observational study was to observe the pattern and frequency of haematological disorders among the patients attending in the specialized Haematology outpatient Department (HOPD) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Consecutive 201 patients over the period of one year were enrolled. Their age ranged from 01 to 72 years with a mean age of 36.76 years. Most of the patients (34.3%) were in between the ages of 31 to 45 years followed by 16 to 30 years (27.9%). Male to female ratio was 0.65. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common (24.9%) followed by chronic myeloid leukaemia (11.9%), Hb E beta thalassaemia (9.5%), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (9.5%), beta thalassaemia trait (7.0%), Hb E trait (5.5 %), aplastic anaemia (5.0%), multiple myeloma (3.5%), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (3.0%). Acute myeloid leukaemia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, anaemia of chronic disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, polycythaemia, beta thalassemia major and alpha thalassemia was 2.5%, 2.5%, 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.5%, 1.5%, 1.0% and 1.0%, respectively. In the present study, we observed that iron deficiency anaemia the most common non-malignant disease and chronic myeloid leukaemia is the common haematological malignancy.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological features of pilomatricoma cases: Analysis of 21 cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-533
Author(s):  
D Ghartimagar ◽  
A Ghosh ◽  
K Gautam ◽  
S Thapa ◽  
SR Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Slow Growing

Background: Pilomatricoma is a slow-growing, asymptomatic tumour originating from outer sheath cells of hair follicle. In this study, we describe the clinical presentation and histopathological features of pilomatricoma. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective study carried out in all patients who were diagnosed as pilomatricoma over a period of January 2001 to December 2013. The study was done in department of pathology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Results: A total of 21 cases of pilomatricoma were reported with age range of 9-53 years (mean age 23.7) and male female ratio of 1:1.1. The most common site of occurrence was neck and preauricular region. The size of the tumour ranged from 0.3 to 4.7cm with a mean of 1.2cm. Multiple occurrences were seen in 3 patients and ossifying pilomarticoma was seen in 4 cases. Conclusion: Pilomatricoma is a benign skin neoplasm of hair follicle matrix cells. Calcification is a common finding while dystrophic ossification also can occur in the tumour. Histopathology gives the definite diagnosis as fine needle aspiration cytology and clinical impression may be misleading. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10293 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 530-533

scholarly journals White Matter Integrity Predicts Delay Discounting Behavior in 9- to 23-Year-Olds: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1406-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Olson ◽  
Paul F. Collins ◽  
Catalina J. Hooper ◽  
Ryan Muetzel ◽  
Kelvin O. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Age Range

Healthy participants (n = 79), ages 9–23, completed a delay discounting task assessing the extent to which the value of a monetary reward declines as the delay to its receipt increases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to evaluate how individual differences in delay discounting relate to variation in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) within whole-brain white matter using voxel-based regressions. Given that rapid prefrontal lobe development is occurring during this age range and that functional imaging studies have implicated the prefrontal cortex in discounting behavior, we hypothesized that differences in FA and MD would be associated with alterations in the discounting rate. The analyses revealed a number of clusters where less impulsive performance on the delay discounting task was associated with higher FA and lower MD. The clusters were located primarily in bilateral frontal and temporal lobes and were localized within white matter tracts, including portions of the inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi, anterior thalamic radiation, uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, corticospinal tract, and splenium of the corpus callosum. FA increased and MD decreased with age in the majority of these regions. Some, but not all, of the discounting/DTI associations remained significant after controlling for age. Findings are discussed in terms of both developmental and age-independent effects of white matter organization on discounting behavior.

The role of exudation in chronic subdural hematomas

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Tokmak ◽  
A. Celal Iplikcioglu ◽  
Sirzat Bek ◽  
Cem Atilla Gökduman ◽  
Mustafa Erdal
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Subdural Hematomas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Exudation Rate

Object Chronic subdural hematomas (SDHs) are a local inflammatory process that causes the formation of a granulation tissue often referred to as the external or outer membrane. This membrane has abnormally permeable macrocapillaries. Therefore, exudation from the macrocapillaries in the outer membrane of chronic SDH may play an important role in the enlargement of chronic SDH. In this study the authors investigated the role of exudation in chronic SDH. Methods The authors examined 24 patients (16 men and eight women; age range 38–86 years [mean age 61.4 years]) with 27 chronic SDHs. The clinical status of the patients was evaluated according to the classification described by Markwalder. The diagnosis was established on computed tomography (CT) scans in all cases. The authors also used the Nomura Classification for judging the lesion's appearance on CT scans. Immediately after the diagnosis, all patients were administered 20 mCi (740 mBq) technetium-99m human serum albumin. Four hours later, blood and SDH samples were taken and radioactivity levels were measured in each. The ratio of activity of the samples taken from chronic SDH to the radioactivity of blood was determined as a percentage and defined as the exudation rate. On the follow-up CT scan obtained on postoperative Day 20, subdural collections thicker than 5 mm were determined to be a reaccumulation. Results The correlations between the exudation rate and age of the patients, clinical grades, CT appearances, and amount of reaccumulation were investigated. In this series the average exudation rate was 13.24% (range 2.05–28.88%). The mean exudation rates according to the clinical grades assigned to patients were as follows: Grade 0, 8.67 ± 5.64% (three patients); Grade 1, 5.07 ± 1.43% (eight patients); Grade 2, 17.87 ± 3.73% (seven patients); and Grade 3, 19.65 ± 7.67% (six patients). Exudation rates in patients with Grades 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those in Grades 0 and 1 (p < 0.05). The mean exudation rates according to the lesion's appearance on CT scans were found as follows: hypodense appearance, 6.55 ± 4.52% (eight patients); isodense appearance, 11.07 ± 6.32% (five patients); hyperdense appearance, 19.47 ± 13.61% (three patients); and mixed-density appearance, 17.40 ± 5.80% (nine patients). The differences among the groups were significant (p < 0.05). The average exudation rate was statistically higher in the patients with reaccumulation (16.30 ± 8.16%) than that in the patients without reaccumulation (9.96 ± 6.84%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions The exudation rate in chronic SDH is correlated with a higher clinical grade (Markwalder Grade 2 or 3), mixed-density CT appearance, and reaccumulation. Therefore, exudation from macrocapillaries in the outer membrane of chronic SDH probably plays an important role in the pathophysiology and the growth of chronic SDH.

Enterostomies for acute abdominal surgical condition in children: An experience in a developing country

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Damage Control ◽  
Intestinal Atresia ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Salvage Procedure ◽  
State University ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Peritoneal Contamination ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Surgical Condition

Background: Pediatric abdominal surgical condition that is complicated by gross peritoneal contamination may require enterostomy as a damage control or salvage procedure. Late presentations mostly seen in developing countries make creation of enterostomy a relatively common surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the creation of enterostomy in children who presented with acute abdominal surgical conditions. Methods: This was a retrospective study of children that had enterostomy in the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Medical records of pediatric patients that had enterostomy over a 10-year period were assessed. Results: There were 32 cases of enterostomies performed during the study period. There were 25 males (78.1%) and 7 females (21.9%) with a male to female ratio of 3.6:1. The age range of the patients was 3 weeks to 180 months, with a median age of 96 months. There were 1 neonate (3.1%), 10 infants (31.3%) and 21 children (65.6%) older than 1 year. The primary diagnoses were typhoid intestinal perforation in 21 patients (65.6%), intussusception 10 (31.3%) and intestinal atresia 1 (3.1%). Ileostomy was performed in 31 patients (96.9%) and jejunostomy in 1 patient (3.1%). Enterostomy was created at the time of initial laparotomy (damage control) in 21 patients (65.6%) while 11 patients (34.4%) had their enterostomy as a salvage procedure at the time of re-exploration. Peristomal skin complication was the most common complication recorded in our patients. Mortality was 12.5%. Conclusion: Enterostomy is lifesaving in the management of acute abdominal surgical condition when there is gross peritoneal contamination in severely ill children. Proper surgical technique and electrolyte derangements are important considerations when enterostomies are created.

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