scholarly journals Variation of morphological and chemical properties of three varieties of jute stick

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
S Siddiqua ◽  
F Akter ◽  
M Sarwar Jahan ◽  
MA Quaiyyum
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pulp property of a lignocellulosic material depends upon its morphological characteristics and chemical constituents it. Shabuj Pat (CVL-1) variety from Corchorus capsularis and BJRI Tossa Pat 4 (O-72) and BJRI Tossa Pat 5 (O-795) varieties from Corchorus olitorius of jute are mostly grown in Bangladesh. This study deals on morphological and chemical properties of these three varieties of jute stick to assess their suitability for pulp production. The results were significantly differed among the varieties and within the variety. The ?-cellulose content was almost the same in the variety of CVL-1 and O-795. In the same variety, the middle portion contained the largest amount of alpha-cellulose and the top portion contained the lowest. Klason lignin content varied from 24.2 to 26.8%. Fibre length was significantly same for all the three jute sticks but the width and slenderness ratios were different. Pulp yield in soda anthraquinone process was nearly the same in all these varieties around 44% at kappa number 15.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(4), 307-312, 2016

scholarly journals The Effects of Iron Rust on the Ageing of Woods and Their Derived Pulp Paper

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3483
Author(s):  
Wael A. A. Abo Elgat ◽  
Ayman S. Taha ◽  
Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽  
Yahia G. D. Fares ◽  
Martin Böhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The accelerated ageing of wood in terms of heating or iron rusting has a potential effect on the physio-mechanical, chemical and biological properties of wood. The effects of accelerated ageing on the mechanical, physical and fungal activity properties of some wood materials (Schinus terebinthifolius, Erythrina humeana, Tectona grandis, Pinus rigida and Juglans nigra) were studied after several cycles of heating and iron rusting. The fungal activity was assayed against the growth of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Stemphylium solani. In addition, the mechanical and optical properties of paper sheets produced from those wood pulps by means of Kraft cooking were evaluated. The mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the accelerated ageing, compared to control woods. With Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we detected an increase in the intensity of the spectra of the functional groups of cellulose in the heated samples, which indicates an increase in cellulose content and decrease in lignin content, compared to other chemical compounds. For pulp properties, woods treated by heating showed a decrease in the pulp yield. The highest significant values of tensile strength were observed in pulp paper produced from untreated, heated and iron-rusted P. rigida wood and they were 69.66, 65.66 and 68.33 N·m/g, respectively; we calculated the tear resistance from pulp paper of untreated P. rigida (8.68 mN·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.83 mN·m2/g) and rusted P. rigida (7.56 mN·m2/g) wood; we obtained the values of the burst strength of the pulp paper of untreated woods of P. rigida (8.19 kPa·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.49 kPa·m2/g), as well as the fold number of the pulp paper of untreated, heated and rusted woods from P. rigida, with values of 195.66, 186.33 and 185.66, respectively. After 14 days from the incubation, no fungal inhibition zones were observed. Accelerated ageing (heated or iron-rusted) produced significant effects on the mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species and affected the properties of the produced pulp paper.

scholarly journals Effects of Age and Height on Chemical Properties of Yushania Alpina Grown at Injibara District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Amsalu Tolessa ◽  
Fikremariam Haile ◽  
Abraham Dilnesa ◽  
Buzayehu Desisa ◽  
Tegene Tantu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
American Society ◽  
Chemical Testing

This paper studied the chemical composition of cultivated 3, 4 and 5 year-old highland bamboo (Y. alpina) which were classified into three position (top, medium and bottom) to determined the main compositions especially cellulose, lignin, extractive and ash content. From all culms representative samples were converted to the required size of wood chips to prepared sample for chemical testing. Then the specimens prepared from bottom, middle and top portions for the three ages were used to determine the chemical properties in accordance to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards except for cellulose test determined according to Kurschner and Hoffer method. All parameters in the experiment were expressed by percent based on dry basis. From this research, we have found small but significant increases in mean cellulose content from the base to the top of the culm at all three ages. The lignin content in Y. alpina species of bamboo is in the ranged of 23.04 to 30.03%. The mean values of the chemical constituents in 3, 4 and 5- year-old culms were 51.83, 54.94 and 49.78% for cellulose content, 28.28, 24.99 and 24.53% for lignin content, 7.8, 10.09, and 9.54% for alcohol-toluene extractive, respectively. In general, the comprehensive knowledge of the chemical components in the bamboo species will facilitate the use of the materials in the forestry industrial sector and help to enhance their utilization in the chemical and bio-chemical related industry.

The Research on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Eggplant Stalk Fiber for the Complex Utilization of Stalk

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1161-1164
Author(s):  
Li Xia Li ◽  
Hai Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Complex Utilization ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The physical and chemical properties of stalk fiber extracted by different method was important for the characters of the product. And the research laid the foundation for the complex utilization of eggplant stalk.Morphology of eggplant stalk fiber was determined by Feica microscope, the length, width and length to wide ratio were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Chemical compositions different analysisof eggplant stalk fiber extracted by mechanical process were analyzed by applying Block test method with Design-expert 6.0.10.The result present that length, width, and length to wide ratio of stalk fiber were 11 mm,1338 um,20,respectively. Cellulose content of eggplant stalk was 34.31 %, hemi-cellulose content was 11.03%, lignin content was10.69 %.Cellulose content of eggplant stalk fiber was 36.2 %, hemi-cellulose content was18.55 %,lignin content was 17.49%.Hemi-cellulose increased by 7.52 %, cellulose increased by1.89 %, lignin increased by 6.8 %.The composition of fiber had significant difference.Beating degree was positively correlated with the beating time, beating time and wet weight were a negative correlation. Strength of stalk fiber was positively with the gramme, and strength was8.3N when gramme was 60 g/m2.

New, Highly Structured Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series for Reducing the Hysteresis in Rubber. Part 1. Features of the Structure and Properties of Carbon Black

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
G.V. Moiseevskaya ◽  
G.I. Razd'yakonova ◽  
A.A. Petin ◽  
E.A. Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Rubber Part ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The aim of this work was to study the properties of carbon black CH85 of the OMCARB series and to compare them with the properties of standard carbon blacks N339 and N234. The morphological characteristics, the size distribution of the globules and aggregates, the surface area, the proportion of micropore area, the degree of branching of aggregates, and also the mechanical and chemical properties were measured and calculated. The average size of the aggregates of CH85 is greater than that of N339 and N234, and the aggregates have a more open and branched structure. The iodine adsorption by CH85 is practically the same as that by N339 and lower than that by N234. The low-hysteresis index calculated on the basis of structural data is much better for CH85. This opens up the possibility of using this type of carbon black for the development of elastomeric materials with low hysteresis.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Structure and Properties of Stereoscopic Cocoon and Flat Cocoon

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhou ◽  
Huiling Wang ◽  
Hongtao Zhou ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Shudong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
The Common ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Structure And Functions ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Cocoon is a kind of natural biopolymer material with reasonable structure and various functions. However, its structure and functions are often destroyed in practical application. In this study, we took common Bombyx Mori as the research object, and provided different cocooning sites for single or multiple silkworms to construct common stereoscopic cocoons (“normal cocoons” [NC]) and flat cocoons (“single-silkworm flat cocoons” [SFC] and “multi-silkworm flat cocoons” [MFC]), respectively, and compared the morphological structure and basic properties of these cocoons. The study found that the flat cocoons have similar multi-layered variable structure and characteristics compared to those of the common cocoons; also, morphological characteristics and physical and chemical properties of silk fiber from outer layer to inner layer, such as sericin content, fiber fineness, and change rule of basic mechanical properties, are completely consistent with those of the common cocoons. It can be considered that the flat cocoons are constructed by silkworms in the same “procedural” process as that of common cocoons. Due to the expansion of cocooning space, the mechanical properties of fibers are significantly improved. By controlling the size of the cocooning space or the quantity of silkworms cocooning simultaneously, and the time of spinning, a cocoon material with controllable thickness, weight per square meter, porosity, and number of cocoon layers can be obtained as a composite material for direct application.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Characterization of Different Fractions of Corn Stover and Their Relationships to Multipollutant Sorption Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Dan Peng ◽  
Fan Ouyang ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Sifang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Corn stover (CS) is mainly composed of three parts: pith (CSP), rind (CSR), and leaf (CSL). These parts have different lignocellulosic constituents and structural properties. Herein, biosorbents derived from individual corn stover constituents were prepared in an effort to determine the significance of each constituent for multipollutant removal. In this study, SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, fibre composition, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize and analyse the physical and chemical properties of the three components of CS and to study their adsorption effects, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. The lignocellulosic compositions of CSP and CSR were similar, the cellulose content in CSP and CSR was significantly higher than that in CSL, and the hemicellulose content of CSL was much higher than those of CSP and CSR. The minimum lignin content was found in CSP, and the maximum lignin content was found in CSR. The results show that each component had a certain adsorption effect on typical organic pollutants (antibiotics, oils, and dyes). CSP had the strongest oil adsorption capacity, CSR was more suitable for adsorbing antibiotics, and CSL had outstanding adsorption capacity for dye. The pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model could describe the adsorption processes well, and they consisted of monolayer adsorption accompanied by chemical adsorption reactions. The focus of this study was to provide references for selecting effective adsorbent precursors to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of Castanopsis fargesii wood after heat treatment in sand or vacuum media

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5821-5837
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu Qi ◽  
Cai Liu ◽  
Xiao-Lian Wu ◽  
Ji-Qing Li ◽  
Xin Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Castanopsis Fargesii ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Castanopsis fargesii is among the most prevalent hardwood species in South China. To improve the poor dimensional stability of C. fargesii wood, heat treatments were performed using vacuum or sand as the medium at four temperatures from 170 °C to 215 °C for 4 h. As a medium, vacuum or sand can create a low oxygen environment. The results showed that, as the temperature increased, the oven-dry density decreased, whereas the dimensional stability and the total color change (∆E*) increased with both media, two different changing patterns of a* and b* were observed, the lignin content increased, and the holocellulose content decreased. The oven-dry density decreased 9.4% and 25.5%, volume shrinkage ratio decreased 27.8% and 37.7%, and the ∆E* was 19.63 and 45.52, the lignin contents increased from 17.62% to 28.62% and 42.87%, and the holocellulose contents decreased from 80.49% to 69.43% and 51.04% when C. fargesii wood was heated under vacuum and with sand at 215 °C, respectively. Overall, sand heat treatment affected wood physical and chemical properties more than vacuum heat treatment. The analysis of functional groups and crystallinity also showed that there were severe changes in C. fargesii wood under sand heat treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of Hungarian Matricaria recutita (L.) Rausch. populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sztefanov ◽  
K. Szabó ◽  
J. Bernáth
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Matricaria Recutita ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Hungarian Plain ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Matricaria recutita L. is a traditional medicinal plant in Hungary and its drug is known as „Hungaricum", world-wide. Plant samples and seeds were collected from 12 different habitats of three significant geographical regions of Hungary in 2001. Morphological, production biological and chemical properties of samples were examined. In relation to the morphological characteristics, a negative correlation (r= -0.75) could be observed between the average height of the plants (height of flowering shoots) and the pH value of the soil. According to the composition of the essential oil, the populations accumulating typically chamasulene (10-20%), a-bisabolol (30-50%) or bisabolol-oxid (30-50%) could be completely distinguished. Concerning the flavonoid composition the quantity of apigenin-7-glucoside was outstanding in the populations originating from the Great Hungarian Plain, it has reached the concentration of 1.8-2.8 mg/g, while the samples collected in Transdanubia could be characterised by much lower level of apigenin-7-glucoside (around 1.5 mg/g).

scholarly journals Use of some biostimulants to improve the growth and chemical constituents of sweet pepper

10.5219/1131 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-561
Author(s):  
Rabab Maraei ◽  
Noha Eliwa ◽  
Amina Aly
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2016 and 2017 on sweet pepper plants to study the effect of foliar application of some natural extracts (fulvic acid at 2, 4 and 6% or algae at 1, 2 and 4 g.L-1) were applied three times along each season (after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of planting). The influence was evaluated through the response of vegetative growth, and some physical and chemical characteristics of sweet pepper fruits. The results obtained showed that the algae extract at 1 g.L-1 in most cases was better than the other spray treatments investigated to improve most fruit characteristics (length, diameter and yield of fruits), vegetative growth, and chemical properties followed by 6% fulvic acid. With regard to organic acids, malic and citric acids are the main organic acids found in sweet pepper. Malic, succinic and glutaric acids were higher in 1 g.L-1 algae extract treatment, but the concentration of citric acid was higher in 6% fulvic acid treatment. Therefore, algae extract and fulvic acid could be safely recommended as a natural biostimulants application for improving most desirable characteristics of sweet pepper grown under the same experimental condition.

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