scholarly journals MORTALITY AND DISEASE STATUS IN HY-LINE AND ISA-BROWN STRAINS OF LAYER CHICKENS REARED IN CAGE SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Uddin ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
SML Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Layer Chickens

Mortality and disease status in Hy-Line (n= 3450) and ISA-Brown (n = 250) strains of layer chickens were carried out in three commercial layer farms in the district of Mymensingh from day-old to 65 weeks age of birds from September 2003 to December 2004. The management including housing, hygienic measures, vaccination practices, diseases occurred and mortality were observed and recorded daily. Diseases and disorders were diagnosed based on the disease history, clinical signs, characteristics necropsy lesions, morbidity and mortality rates, and laboratory investigations including bacteriological and parasitological examinations. The morbidity and mortality of chickens caused by different diseases and disorders were statistically analyzed on the basis of farms, strains of birds, age and seasons. An overall 32.38% (n = 1198) morbidity and 21.30% (n = 788) mortality was recorded among 3700 chickens. Etiological analysis showed that the highest mortality caused by bacterial diseases (7.08%), followed by viral diseases (5.81%), fungal diseases (2.18%), mycoplasmosis (1.89%), parasitic diseases (1.83%) and nutritional and other disorders (2.48%). Specific diseases and disorders caused mortality in chickens included Salmonellosis (3.14%), Colibacillosis (2.51%), Fowl cholera (0.46%), Infectious coryza (0.41%), Necrotic enteritis (0.59%), Infectious bursal disease (2.19%), Newcastle disease (1.76%), Avian leukosis (0.73%), Fowl pox ( 0.51%), Marek’s disease (0.62%), Aspergillosis (1.54%), Aflatoxicosis (0.65%), Mycoplasmosis ( 1.89%), Ascaridiasis (0.22%), Tapeworm infection (0.16%), Coccidiosis (1.32%), Ectoparasitosis (0.14%), Nutritional deficiency (0.68%), Ascites, Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (0.49%), Cannibalism (0.27%), Egg peritonitis (0.22%), Egg bound disorder (0.43%) and Heat stroke and cold (0.41%). Diseases caused highest mortality during laying period (8.43%), followed by growing (6.32%), pullet stage (4.65%) and brooding (3.78%) ages. Both the morbidity and mortality rates in ISA-Brown strain (62.60% and 37.20%) were found significantly (p < 0.01) higher in comparison to Hy-Line (30.17% and 20.14%) strain of chickens. Seasonal influences on mortality in layer type chickens showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest mortality during summer (8.57%), followed by winter (6.51%) and rainy (6.22%) months. It may be concluded that the infectious diseases even with vaccination associated with high morbidity and mortality in commercial egg type chickens in Bangladesh.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11204 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 01-16

scholarly journals Prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Hasan ◽  
Shobnom Sultana ◽  
Md Shohidul Islam Khokon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Bursal Disease

This study was designed with a view to investigate the prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. A total of 679 poultry birds (313 layers, 338 broilers and 28 cockrels) either dead or live were brought for diagnosis of diseases at Gazipur Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital. The diseases were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs and post-mortem findings. The diseases encountered in layers were bacterial diseases 52.29% (salmonellosis 38.56%, colibacillosis 6.7%, fowl cholera 4.79% and necrotic enteritis 1.60%), viral diseases 23.95% (avian influenza 2.56%, Newcastle disease 16.61%, infectious bronchitis 3.19% and avian leucosis 0.64%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 14.70%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 5.75%). Salmonellosis was most prevalent disease in age group of >20 weeks, while Newcastle disease most common in 8 to 20 weeks of age group. In case of broiler, bacterial diseases 28.99% (salmonellosis 21.30% and colibacillosis 7.69%), viral diseases 53.24% (infectious bursal disease 28.99%, Newcastle disease 8.87% and infectious bronchitis 15.38%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 7.1%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 6.5%). In cockrels, the most prevalent disease was colibacillosis 35.71% followed by salmonellosis 28.57%, Newcastle disease 14.28% and mycoplasmosis14.28%. So among the diseases, salmonellosis is most prevalent disease followed by infectious bursal disease and mycoplasmosis in different kinds of poultry of Gazipur district of Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 107-112

scholarly journals Review: Research Toward Safer Resection of the Cirrhotic Liver

HPB Surgery ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. J. Moser ◽  
N. M. Kneteman ◽  
G. Y. Minuk
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cirrhotic Liver ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Hepatic Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Surgery Resection

Despite recent advances in hepatic surgery, resection of the cirrhotic liver continues to be fraught with high morbidity and mortality rates. As a result, for many patients requiring resection of HCC the postoperative course is complicated and the probability of cure is diminished by coexisting cirrhosis. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of the cirrhotic liver which make it poorly tolerant of resection and the most common complications that follow such surgery. The main purpose of this paper is to review recent attempts to identify interventions that might be beneficial to cirrhotic patients undergoing resection. These interventions include assessment of liver reserve, advances in surgical technique, and improvement in liver function and regeneration.

Anemia and Blood Transfusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Joy D. Hughes ◽  
Mariela Rivera ◽  
Myung S. Park
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Active Hemorrhage

Critically ill patients commonly present with anemia, defined as a hemoglobin level less than 13.0 g/dL in men and less than 11.6 g/dL in women or as clinical signs of bleeding, including tachycardia and low urine output with active hemorrhage. Anemia is common, occurring in up to a third of critically ill patients, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in patients with central nervous system injuries and disease. The causes of anemia can vary from chronic conditions such as kidney disease or malnutrition to acute conditions such as bleeding or consumptive coagulopathy.

scholarly journals CLINICAL STUDY AND MANAGEMENT OF PERITONITIS SECONDARY TO PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Suman ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Pawan Kumar Jha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Perforated Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Duodenal Perforation ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Perforation ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Ulcer Perforation

Background: Perforated peptic ulcer is the most common cause among all causes of gastrointestinal tract perforationwhich is an emergency condition of the abdomen that requires early recognition and timely surgical management. Peptic ulcer perforation is associated significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of study is to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of the patient with peptic ulcer perforation undergoing emergency laparotomy. Methods: This retrospective study includes 45 patients who were operated for perforated peptic ulcer peritonitis atDepartment of Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar from October 2018 to March 2020. Paediatricpatients of age less than 14 years, patients presenting as recurrent perforation were excluded from the study. A detailed history, clinical presentation and routine investigations were done in all cases. Results: In the present study, most of the patients were male. Most of these patients presents with clinical signs ofperitonitis between 24-48 hours after onset of the pain. Among the patients of peptic ulcer perforation, duodenal perforation (93.3%) is more common and which is the most common cause of perforation peritonitis. The diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed by presence of gas under diaphragm on radiograph. Exploratory laparotomy with simple closure of perforation with omental patch was done in all cases. The most common post-operative complication was wound infection (57.5%). The overall mortality was 11.1%. Conclusions: Late presentation of peptic ulcer perforation is common with high morbidity and mortality. Surgicalintervention with Graham’s omentopexy with broad spectrum antibiotics is still commonly practiced.

scholarly journals Clinical study and management of peritonitis secondary to perforated peptic ulcer

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2721
Author(s):  
Dushyant Kumar Rohit ◽  
R. S. Verma ◽  
Grishmraj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Perforated Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Perforation ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Ulcer Perforation ◽  
Tract Perforation

Background: Perforated peptic ulcer is the most common cause among all causes of gastrointestinal tract perforation which is an emergency condition of the abdomen that requires early recognition and timely surgical management. Peptic ulcer perforation is associated significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of study is to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of the patient with peptic ulcer perforation undergoing emergency laparotomy.Methods: This retrospective study includes 45 patients who were operated for perforated peptic ulcer peritonitis at Bundelkhand Medical College and Associated Hospital, Sagar from March 2015 to April 2017. Paediatric patients of age less than 14 years, patients presenting as recurrent perforation were excluded from the study. A detailed history, clinical presentation and routine investigations were done in all cases.Results: In the present study, most of the patients were male. Most of these patients presents with clinical signs of peritonitis between 24-48 hours after onset of the pain. Among the patients of peptic ulcer perforation, duodenal perforation (93.3%) is more common and which is the most common cause of perforation peritonitis. The diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed by presence of gas under diaphragm on radiograph. Exploratory laparotomy with simple closure of perforation with omental patch was done in all cases. The most common post-operative complication was wound infection (57.5%). The overall mortality was 11.1%.Conclusions: Late presentation of peptic ulcer perforation is common with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical intervention with Graham’s omentopexy with broad spectrum antibiotics is still commonly practiced.

Emergent Right Hemicolectomies

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy D. Wyrzykowski ◽  
David V. Feliciano ◽  
Timothy A. George ◽  
Lorraine N. Tremblay ◽  
Grace S. Rozycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Control ◽  
Primary Anastomosis ◽  
Bowel Perforation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Abdominal Abscess

Emergent right hemicolectomies have historically been associated with surprisingly high morbidity and mortality rates. A retrospective review of emergent right hemicolectomies over a 7-year period was performed to assess current morbidity and mortality. Emergent right hemicolectomy was defined as a procedure performed for an acute abdomen with no formal preoperative cleansing of the colon. Demographic data, diagnostic evaluation, length of stay and outcomes were evaluated. Over the study period, 122 emergent right hemicolectomies were performed on both general surgery and trauma patients. The average patient was 52.9 ± 18.5 years old, and the majority of patients (66.4%) were male. The indications for the procedures performed were bowel perforation (51), hemorrhage (25), cancer (16), benign obstruction (14), phlegmon (8), ischemia (6), or other (2). Resection with primary anastomosis was performed in 98 patients, 16 had an end ileostomy, and 8 underwent damage control procedures in which gastrointestinal continuity was not reestablished at the time of the original operation. Postoperative complications developed in 48 patients (39.3%). The majority of the complications (83.3%) were related to infection including intra-abdominal abscess (21 patients), sepsis (16), and wound infection (5). Other complications included anastomotic leak (5), wound dehiscence (3), stoma-related (3) and postoperative bowel obstruction (2). The patients who developed complications did not differ from those who had an uneventful postoperative course in terms of age, indication for procedure, or presence of intra-abdominal abscess or gross contamination at the time of the original procedure. The overall mortality rate was 13 per cent. Patients who died were older than those who lived (63 ± 19 vs 52 ± 18; P = 0.03) and were significantly more likely to have evidence of shock on presentation ( P = 0.0013). Emergent right hemicolectomies continue to be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The most common complications are related to infection. Age and manifestations of shock at the time of admission are strong predictors of mortality.

scholarly journals A rare case of myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory thrombocytopenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Jehangir ◽  
John Webb ◽  
Shilpi Singh ◽  
Sabrina Arshed ◽  
Shuvendu Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Evidenced Based

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a variety of clonal abnormalities, possibly preleukemic and display numerous phenotypic manifestations. Specific mutations carry high morbidity and mortality rates due to cell line dysplasia. MDS commonly presents with symptoms related to anemia, and approximately two-thirds will develop thrombocytopenia, a rare, but potentially lethal complication that increases complexity in treatment and morbidity, and may be due to unique genetic mutations leading to refractory thrombocytopenia, ultimately leading to an overall reduction in survival. Careful identification and monitoring of this patient subdivision can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality, and potential identification of specific gene mutations and advances in treatment options will hopefully provide guidance on detecting at-risk patients in the future. We present a case of a man with MDS-U (karyotype 46, XY, del (20) (q11.2q13.3) (20) with no detected <em>JAK2</em> <em>V617F</em> mutation), who in despite of appropriate evidenced based treatment, continued to exhibit refractory thrombocytopenia.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): What Can Africa Learn from Ongoing Research in Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Chemotherapy and Prevention?

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Silas Lendzele Sevidzem ◽  
Aubin Armel Koumba ◽  
Christophe Roland Zinga- Koumba ◽  
Nonvignon Marius Kedote ◽  
Gaël Darren Maganga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
The World

The world is experiencing an outbreak due to the new and mysterious SARS-CoV-2. Information regarding its source and transmission dynamics in different environments as well as medications for its prevention and cure is weak. This review seeks to document on the epidemiology, clinical signs, control, prevention, and present some perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 research in Africa. There are geographical differences in morbidity and mortality rates of this disease all over the world. The scientific community strongly reject claims regarding the fact that the virus has been genetically manipulated, but supports the theory that it has a natural origin from animal host as any other emerging viral disease. Although animals are thought to be the original source of global spill over, person-to-person transmission is well comprehended. Transmission could be enhanced by symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with high contaminations reported in dense urban environments. Scientific evidences from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and other publications reported that contaminated surfaces and air could possibly be the underlying mechanism through which SARS-CoV-2 spreads. Cohort studies reveal that children as well as adults could be vulnerable to the disease, but others attribute it to health care workers, some risky habits (drinking and smoking) and comorbid individuals due to their immune suppressed status. There is no drug of choice for SARS-CoV-2, but clinical studies including several antiviral drugs are underway. Similarly, vaccine studies and clinical trial studies are ongoing. Because there is no medication, preventive measures such as Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs), ventilators, sanitation, social distancing, and quarantine are the gears globally used to curb the spread of this virus. The African continent does not have high morbidity and mortality compared to other continents that are highly affected. The following lessons could be learned by Africans from ongoing research: that the SARS-CoV-2 originated from an animal host, individuals could be infected irrespective of their age, sex, race, and origin, there is a broad spectrum of clinical signs and confirmatory diagnosis is required, there is no approved drug of choice, vaccine trials are ongoing and community-based prevention is required, the recommendations put in place by the Government and the WHO to curb the spread of this virus should be strictly followed. From the above lessons, a research project to study the ecological epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in tropical African settings by including the following aspects: socio-cultural, economic, and political characteristics as well as the evaluation of measures taken by the different countries to combat the disease is required.

An Immersed Porous Boundary Method for Computational Fluid Dynamics of Blood Flow in Aneurysms With Flow Diverters

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Mihalef ◽  
Puneet Sharma ◽  
Ali Kamen ◽  
Thomas Redel
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Flow Diverters

Intracranial aneurysms are pathological dilatations of a cerebral artery that may suffer rupture and lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Such a condition presents high morbidity and mortality rates for the patients concerned.

scholarly journals Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes of Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy at a Single Institution in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Mizumoto ◽  
Emel Canbay ◽  
Masamitsu Hirano ◽  
Nobuyuki Takao ◽  
Takayuki Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Crs And Hipec

Background. Even though cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are associated with a high morbidity and mortality rates, it has been reported that CRS and HIPEC improved survival of selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. We aimed to report morbidity and mortality results of CRS and HIPEC from a single institution in Japan.Methods and Results. Total of 284 procedures of CRS were performed on patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei, peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colon cancer and gastric cancer between 2007 and 2011 in our institution. The morbidity rate was 49% of all procedure, and grades I/II and grades III/IV complications were 28% and 17%, respectively. Most frequent complication was surgical site infections including intraabdominal abscess. The mortality rate was 3.5%, and reoperation was needed in 11% of all procedures. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) greater than 20 was the only significant factor for occurrence of postoperative complications (P<0.01). In contrast, HIPEC significantly reduced postoperative complications (P<0.05).Conclusions. The morbidity and mortality rates of our institution are comparable with previous reports that are in acceptable rates. Optimal patient selection such as patients with PCI less than 20 seems to be of paramount importance to CRS and HIPEC.

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