Study of Nasal Parameters Between Bengali and Chakma School Going Children of Bangladesh

Background : Anthropometry is the study of human morphology. Physical variation between the people of different ethnic groups can be recorded by anthropometry. This study was done to establish the anthropometric difference by measuring the nasal parameters among Bengali and Chakma School Going Children. The data of nasal parameters provide important information in plastic surgery, aesthetics and, nationality study and medical jurisprudence.Methods : It was an observational and cross sectional study, convenient sampling was done to select the 50 Bengali and 50 Chakma School Going Children, age ranging from 5-16 yrs old. Data were collected by using standard anthropometric methods with a sliding caliper. Values were expressed as mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).Student T test was used to compare the results.Results : In both sex, among the two ethnic groups, the mean total length and protrusion of nose in the Bengali group was significantly (<0.001) higher than the Chakma ethnicity (48.46±6.75 vs 41.34±4.17, 16.77±2.85 vs 14.48 ±2.22). The mean anatomic width of the nose was higher in Chakma ethnic group. The mean nasal index in the Bengali ethnic group was 67.60 and in the Chakma was 83.38 which shows that the mean nasal index of most Bengali (68%) falls within the Leptorrhine (Narrow nose) type and the most Chakma ethnicity (54%) in the mesorrhine (Broad nose) type.Conclusion : This result represent that the nasal parameters and index play an important role in the ethnicity difference.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (1); Jan 2017; Page 33-36

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A cross-sectional study of relationship between self-esteem and self-concept of students of medical sciences

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180589 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 747

Author(s):

Mehdi Amirkhani ◽

Fatemeh Habibi ◽

Azadeh Hakimi ◽

Majid Najafi Kalyani ◽

Javad Salami

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Students ◽

Self Concept ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Identification of the role of factors such as self-esteem and self-efficacy and the investigation of their relationship among students can bring about improvement of educational planning and enhance the teaching outcome. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy among the students of medical sciences.Methods: The present study is an analytical-descriptive which was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 394 students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In order to collect the data two questionnaires were used namely, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and Rogers Self-concept Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22. The researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-test, chi-square one-way ANOVA, and correlation to analyze the data.Results: The mean and the standard deviation of self-esteem scores of female and male students were 38.23±6.80 and 37.51±6.67 respectively. The mean and the standard deviation of self-concept scores of female and male students were 9.49±3.53 and 9.43±4.14 respectively. The mean of self-concept scores of students of different majors had statistically significant difference with each other (0.011), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem scores among students with different majors (0.442).Conclusions: Considering the statistically significant difference in students’ self-concept scores in different majors, it is suggested that we take right approaches to the improvement and enhancement of individuals’ self-concept and the creation of positive feedback.

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A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Variation in Body Surface Area and Chemotherapy Dosing in Pediatric Oncology Using Two Different Methods

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.3969.3969 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 3969-3969

Author(s):

Wasil Jastaniah ◽

Mohammed Aseeri

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Pediatric Oncology ◽

Body Surface ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Oncology Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Abstract Abstract: Standardizing Body Surface Area (BSA) determination is essential for avoiding variation in chemotherapy dosage calculations. In this study we compared variation in BSA calculation using weight and height by the Mosteller formula with weight alone using recently adapted table at the Princess Norah Oncology Center (PNOC). Methods: Cross-sectional study of pediatric oncology patients presenting to the pediatric oncology clinic at PNOC over a week period of time. Results: One hundred consecutive pediatric oncology patients presented to the clinic. The mean BSA calculated by the Mosteller formula was 0.83m2 (Standard Deviation = 0.24) and the mean BSA determined by the table (based on weight alone) was 0.82m2 (Standard Deviation = 0.25). The mean variation in dosing between the two methods was 1.64% (Standard Deviation = 3.4). Only 13 out of 100 patients (13%) had equal dosing using both methods and 21 out of 100 patients (21%) had dosing variation greater than 5%. When comparing both methods, using paired t-test, the difference was statistically significant (t(99) = 3.99 and P < 0.001). Conclusion: Significant differences in BSA-based chemotherapy dosing exist in our center. The Mosteller method should remain the standard until prospective studies are performed to determine the significance of this dosing variability on toxicity and survival outcome.

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Changes in Pediatric Fracture Cases during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Data from a National Referral Orthopedic Hospital in Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (E) ◽

pp. 754-758

Author(s):

Pamudji Utomo ◽

Muhammad Yogatama Wirawan ◽

Hendra Cahya Kumara ◽

Mochamadsyah Beizar Yudistira

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Population Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Service Support ◽

Pediatric Fracture ◽

Orthopedic Hospital ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

AIM: This study aims to compare the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric fracture services in a national referral orthopedic hospital in Indonesia to understand the service provisions that may be required during the pandemic. METHODS: The study compared the population group during 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia to the same period 1 year before. This cross-sectional study was performed in Prof. Dr. R Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, from March 2019 to February 2021. The subjects were pediatric fracture patients aged 0–18 years. Patients recorded on other orthopedic service support installations such as radiology, laboratory, or physiotherapy and diagnosed with any other orthopedic sub-specialty were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 1787 patients were recorded in this study, with the mean of pediatric fracture patients during the pre-COVID-19 period was 90.75 (standard deviation [SD]: 28.5) and during the COVID-19 period was 58.16 (SD: 19.17) monthly. In the 1st year of the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in clinical visits compared to the same period in 2019 (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in pediatric fracture cases clinic visits and patients’ length of stay in the COVID-19 period than before the COVID-19 occurred.

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PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN WEST AND SOUTH OF AFGHANISTAN

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932012000661 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 799-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MOSTAFA SAADAT ◽

KHADIJEH TAJBAKHSH

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consanguineous Marriages ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

The Mean ◽

Coefficient Of Inbreeding

SummaryThe prevalence of consanguinity in eight provinces of Afghanistan has recently been reported by Saify & Saadat (2012). The present cross-sectional study was done in order to illustrate the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages among other populations of Afghanistan. Data on types of marriages were collected using a simple questionnaire. The total number of couples in this study was 5200 from the following provinces: Farah, Ghazni, Herat, Hilmand, Kabul, Kandahar, Logar, Parwan and Wardak. Consanguineous marriages were classified by the degree of relationship between couples: double first cousins, first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins and beyond second cousins. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) was calculated for each couple and the mean coefficient of inbreeding (α) estimated for each population. The α in the country was 0.0226, ranging from 0.0203 in Farah province to 0.0246 in Herat province. There were significant differences between provinces for frequencies of different types of marriages (p<0.001). First cousin marriages (21.7%) were the most common type of consanguineous marriages, followed by second cousins (16.0%), first cousins once removed (14.0%), beyond second cousins (6.9%) and double first cousins (1.6%). There was significant difference between ethnic groups for the types of marriages (p<0.001). Tajiks (Soni) and Sadats showed the lowest (α=0.0215) and highest (α=0.0242) levels of consanguinity among ethnic groups in Afghanistan, respectively. The present study shows that the Afghani populations, the same as other Islamic populations, have high levels of consanguinity.

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Perception of Plastic Surgery and the Role of Media Among Medical Students: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.12999 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hatan Hisham Mortada ◽

Yara Aayed Alqahtani ◽

Hadeel Zakaria Seraj ◽

Wahbi Khalid Albishi ◽

Hattan A Aljaaly

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Plastic Surgery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Male Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

King Abdulaziz University ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND Although plastic surgery has been gaining a lot of popularity recently, there seems to be limited perception and a poor understanding of this field by both medical professionals, including medical students, and the general public. This might alter referral patterns as well as medical students’ choice to pursue a career in plastic surgery. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge and perception of plastic surgery among medical students and to explore the influencing factors underlying particular beliefs. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were collected between August 22 and December 22, 2017. The questionnaire was formulated on the basis of our own study objectives and from available questionnaires with similar objectives. It was composed of 14 questions divided into three main parts: demographics, the specialty of plastic surgery, and media involvement and its effect on plastic surgery. The study was conducted via an online questionnaire among medical students in all years at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were considered significant at P<.05. All analyses were performed using SPSS, version 20. RESULTS A total of 886 medical students participated in this study. We achieved a response rate of 56.79%. The mean age of the participants was 21.2 years. The mean awareness score was 9.7 (SD 4.2) for female students and 8.3 (SD 4.2) for male students (P<.001). The condition most commonly known to be treated by a plastic surgeon was burns (70.3% of responses). CONCLUSIONS Medical students do not have adequate awareness of plastic surgery, and early exposure to this specialty may enhance their awareness.

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Occupational balance in people with type-2 diabetes: A comparative cross-sectional study

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022620963745 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030802262096374

Author(s):

Maryam Binesh ◽

Rokhsareh Aghili ◽

Afsoon Hassani Mehraban

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetes Distress ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Distress Scale ◽

Diabetes Distress Scale

Introduction Diabetes mellitus may negatively impact individuals’ occupational balance. This study seeks to compare occupational balance in people with and without diabetes and also explore the biological and psychological factors associated with occupational balance in people with diabetes. Method This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using simple non-probability sampling. Participants’ occupational balance was evaluated by the Life Balance Inventory. Blood samples were taken from those with diabetes and analyzed. Psychological distress was also evaluated in the people with diabetes using the Diabetes Distress Scale. Results A total of 160 individuals, including 80 people with diabetes and 80 people without diabetes, participated in this study. The mean occupational balance scores for people with and without diabetes were 2.56 and 2.61, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in occupational balance. Distress was the only significant factor related to occupational balance in people with diabetes ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Distress was the only bio-psychological factor associated with occupational balance in people with diabetes. A higher level of distress is associated with lower occupational balance and also poor glycemic control in this population.

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Does the ethnic density effect extend to obesity? A cross-sectional study of 415 166 adults in east London

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024779 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e024779 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shailen Sutaria ◽

Rohini Mathur ◽

Sally A Hull

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Ethnic Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black African ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of obesity by ethnic group and to examine the association between ethnic density and obesity prevalence.Design and settingCross-sectional study utilising electronic primary care records of 128 practices in a multiethnic population of east London.ParticipantsElectronic primary care records of 415 166 adults with a body mass index recorded in the previous 3 years.Outcome measures(1) Odds of obesity for different ethnic groups compared with white British. (2) Prevalence of obesity associated with each 10% increase in own-group ethnic density, by ethnic group.ResultsUsing multilevel logistic regression models, we find that compared with white British/Irish males, the odds of obesity were significantly higher among black ethnic groups and significantly lower among Asian and white other groups. Among females, all ethnic groups except Chinese and white other were at increased odds of obesity compared with white British/Irish. There was no association between increasing ethnic density and obesity prevalence, except among black Africans and Indian females. A 10% increase in black ethnic density was associated with a 15% increase in odds of obesity among black African males (95% CI 1.07 to 1.24) and 18% among black African females (95% CI 1.08 to 1.30). Among Indian females, a 10% increase in Indian ethnic density was associated with a 7% decrease in odds of obesity (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99).ConclusionWider environmental factors play a greater role in determining obesity than the ethnic composition of the area for most ethnic groups. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism through which increasing ethnic density is associated with increased odds of obesity among black Africans and decreased odds of obesity among Indian females.

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Knowledge and Perception of Public Towards Medico Legal Autopsy in Nepal

Journal of Lumbini Medical College ◽

10.22502/jlmc.v6i1.210 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Nuwadatta Subedi ◽

Ishwari Sharma Paudel ◽

Dipendra Kandel ◽

Akash Chudal

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

General Public ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Positive Perception ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Autopsy is an important tool to determine the cause of death. This study was conducted with the objectives to assess the knowledge and perception of Nepalese people towards medico legal autopsy. Methods: It was a questionnaire based cross sectional study performed among the general public of Nepal. A standard pretested questionnaire was used to collect the responses on knowledge and perception of the people about medico legal autopsy. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean score of knowledge among the various groups. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 29.06 years (SD = 10.50) and 72.31% were male (n = 188, N = 260). Mean score of knowledge was 6.65 (SD = 1.76) out of a total ten. The score was significantly higher (p = 0.02) among the respondents whose relatives had undergone an autopsy than those whose were not. It was comparable among the educated and uneducated groups. A total of 75.77% respondents (n = 197, N = 260) would not reject the autopsy of their relatives. Conclusion: People lack knowledge mostly in basic elements of medico legal autopsy. Most of the people showed positive perception towards autopsy and those who were negative, feared of disfigurement of the bodies after an autopsy.

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Flaccid penile length and stretch factor in the newborn

Research Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/rejhs.v9i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

A.O. Adekoya ◽

M.B. Fetuga ◽

T.A. Ogunlesi ◽

A.O. Adekoya ◽

O.O. Oba-Daini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Penile Length ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stretch Factor ◽

The Mean

Objective: Little is known about the flaccid penile length in the newborn and the degree of stretch of the penis among investigators while measuring the stretched penile length. This study aimed to document the flaccid penile length and the stretch factor in the newborn.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 term male infants within the first 72 hours of life. The flaccid penile length and the stretched penile length were measured with a wooden spatula and the stretch factor was calculated.Results: The mean (±SD) flaccid and stretched penile length were 30.9 ± 3.8 mm and 38.9 ± 4.0 mm respectively. The mean stretch factor was 26.4 %. Both testes had the same mean volume of 1.6 ± 0.5 ml. There was a significant correlation between flaccid and stretched penile lengths (r = 0.775, p = 0.000). The flaccid penile length was a significant predictor of the stretched penile length.Conclusion: This study has been able to determine the stretch factor while measuring the flaccid and stretch penile lengths in Nigerian newborn infants. It is recommended that the flaccid penile length be measured along with the stretched penile length and determine the stretch factor in order to compare how much investigators stretch the penis during measurement. This will allow for detailed comparison of penile anthropometry across different ethnic groups and races. Keywords: flaccid penile length, newborn, stretch factor, stretched penile length.

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