scholarly journals Bacterial Proteases as Thrombolytics and Fibrinolytics

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Taqiyah Akhtar ◽  
Md Mozammel Hoq ◽  
Md Abdul Mazid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Thrombolytic Agents ◽  
Physiological Processes

Proteases regulate important pathophysiological processes in human body such as homeostasis, blood   coagulation, fibrinolysis, tumor progression, etc. These biological effects of proteases largely attribute to their   applicability as therapeutic agents. Imbalance in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, two important physiological   processes in human body, leads to thrombosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular complications including myocardial   infarction, stroke, etc. The enzymes used to dissolve thrombus (blood clot) are known as thrombolytic agents and   among them, the enzymes involving hydrolysis of fibrin called fibrinolytic agents. Thrombolytic agents can be   classified according to generation, mechanism of action, source and active site of the enzymes. Among the   commercially available thrombolytic agents, uPA and tPA are generally safe but are very expensive. On the other   hand, the bacterial streptokinase is a relatively cheap thrombolytic agent but causes undesirable side effects such as   bleeding complications. For this reason, worldwide research for potent thrombolytic agents to prevent and treat   cardiovascular diseases have been continuing. Microbes are considered as a potential source of as well as safe vectors   for expressing thrombolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes. Bacilli are one of the largest groups for this purpose. They   have been collected from different traditional fermented foods or have been produced by solid state fermentation   using appropriate nutrient substrates including different agro-industrial wastes such as rice straw, molasses, soybean   curd residues, etc. This review focuses on different bacterial proteases reported to have potential thrombolytic and   fibrinolytic activities.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 255-269, 2017 (December)

Lactobacillus-produced exopolysaccharides and their potential health benefits: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Patten ◽  
A.P. Laws
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Systemic Health

Lactic acid bacteria, such as those of the Lactobacillus genus, naturally reside within the microbiota of the human body and have long been used as starter cultures and probiotic enhancers in fermented foods, such as fermented drinks, yoghurts and cheeses. Many of the beneficial qualities of these bacteria have traditionally been associated with the bacteria themselves, however, a recent spate of studies have demonstrated a wide variety of biological effects exhibited by lactobacilli-produced exopolysaccharides which could, theoretically, confer a range of local and systemic health benefits upon the host. In this review, we discuss the production of exopolysaccharides within the Lactobacillus genus and explore their potential as beneficial bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Human Body Scents: Conscious Perceptions and Biological Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. i135-i137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Effects

scholarly journals An Augmented γ-Spray System to Visualize Biological Effects for Human Body

2017 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 06020
Author(s):  
Seiya Manabe ◽  
Hideki Tenzou ◽  
Takaaki Kasuga ◽  
Yukiko Iwakura ◽  
Robert Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Spray System

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase Activities in the Eye of Old and Young Rats in Normoxic, Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Atmospheres

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Spoto ◽  
A. Contento ◽  
M. Di Nicola ◽  
G. Bianchi ◽  
C. Di Giulio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Old Rats

Phosphodiesterase activity was tested on homogenized eyes of young and old rats kept in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions, with the aim of correlating any difference in PDE activity with aging and variations in atmospheric oxygen contents. The activities of the two enzymes, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) and cGMP phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), were tested. Phosphodiesterases seem to be particularly susceptible to variations in oxygen tension, suggesting an important role of cyclic nucleotides in cellular adaptive processes. Particularly, cAMP-PDE activity increases lightly both in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions in young and old rats. For cGMP-PDE activity of young rats, a similar behaviour to cAMP-PDE activity is observed with a similar increase in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions respect to the control rats. Instead old rats seem to be quite insensible to hypoxia, while they show a fair increase in cGMP-PDE activity in the case of hyperoxia. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP play important roles in mediating the biological effects of a wide variety of first messengers. The intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides depend upon rates of synthesis and degradation, actuated, respectively, by cyclases and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Therefore, PDEs seem to play an important role in a wide variety of physiological processes.

PROBLEM OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF NEGATIVE IMPACT OF FILTERING RESPIRATORY PROTECTION DEVICES TO WORKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Lemeshko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Ivanov ◽  
A.M. Geregey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Filtering respiratory protection devices are widely used in industry and now in healthcare. The tests that these products undergo assess only the technical characteristics, without considering how the personal protective equipment affects the physiological processes of the user. The purpose of this study was to study modern methods of physiological assessment of the negative impact of the use of filtering respiratory protection devices on the human body. Analyzed domestic and foreign publications. The absence of a unified set of physiological methods for assessing the impact of filtering means of personal respiratory protection on the employee's body was established. This may be due to insufficient actualization of this problem both in Russia and in foreign countries.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Waste as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for Aquaculture

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Nayely Leyva-López ◽  
Cynthia E. Lizárraga-Velázquez ◽  
Crisantema Hernández ◽  
Erika Y. Sánchez-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Bodies Of Water

The agroindustry generates a large amount of waste. In postharvest, food losses can reach up to 50%. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, and β-glucans, among others. Several biological activities have been attributed to these compounds; for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gut microbiota, and immune system modulators. These properties have been associated with improvements in health. Recently, the approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The exploitation of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture has a triple objective—to provide added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. However, to make use of the waste, it is necessary to revalue them, mainly by determining their biological effects in aquaculture organisms. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes, their biological properties, and their application in aquaculture will be addressed here.

Influence Of Elastase On Blood Coagulation Factors: Studies In Vitro, In Rats And In Göttinger Miniatur Pigs

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Kasten ◽  
U Artmann ◽  
T Kaethner ◽  
H Burchardi ◽  
H Köstering
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Blood Coagulation Factors ◽  
Acute Respiratory Insufficiency ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Antifibrinolytic Drugs

The influence of blood coagulation factors in pat. with acute respiratory insufficiency of adults, especially of the so called “pancreatitis lungs” is still unknown. In order to find out the effect of elastase, possibly activated by trypsin in pat. with acute pancreatitis, on blood coagulation factors, we performed some studies. In vitro elastase induces in plasma and blood in correlation to the dosages Enhancement of thrombingeneration in the TGT, a shortening of PTT, Thrombin time and of r- and k-time in the TEG, a loss of fibrinogen and an increase of fibrinmono-mercomplexes. In another study, elastase (960 U/ kg b.w.) was injected intravenously in rats. 30 min. later there was found a loss of fibrinogen, number of platelets, Prothrombin and a prolongation of PTT and Thrombin time and an increase of fibrinomonomercomplexes, especially in these rats, which received beside elastase Kalikreininhibitors or antifibrinolytic drugs. After repeated injections (3 times within 30 h) we found histomorpholgically thrombi as well as bleeding complications. In another study we performed (150 min) an infusion of elastase (333 U/kg b.w./h) to 9 pigs. We determined a loss of fibrinogen of platelets, of F. II, F. VII and F. XIII, a prolongation of PTT. F. VIII and F. V remained within the normal range But there was found an enhancement of Thrombin generation in the TGT, too. Compariening the results of blood coagulation tests and of histomorphological findings, elastase induced a DIC. We have to discuss their influence on ARIA and “Pancreatic lungs”.

scholarly journals Anticoagulant proteins from snake venoms: structure, function and mechanism

2006 ◽  
Vol 397 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manjunatha Kini
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
New Anticoagulants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Made In

Over the last several decades, research on snake venom toxins has provided not only new tools to decipher molecular details of various physiological processes, but also inspiration to design and develop a number of therapeutic agents. Blood circulation, particularly thrombosis and haemostasis, is one of the major targets of several snake venom proteins. Among them, anticoagulant proteins have contributed to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of blood coagulation and have provided potential new leads for the development of drugs to treat or to prevent unwanted clot formation. Some of these anticoagulants exhibit various enzymatic activities whereas others do not. They interfere in normal blood coagulation by different mechanisms. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the structure–function relationships and the mechanisms of some of these anticoagulants, there are still a number of questions to be answered as more new anticoagulants are being discovered. Such studies contribute to our fight against unwanted clot formation, which leads to death and debilitation in cardiac arrest and stroke in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis and hypertension. This review describes the details of the structure, mechanism and structure–function relationships of anticoagulant proteins from snake venoms.

Effect Of Intracoronary And Systemic Thrombolysis With Streptokinase In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction And Unstable Angina Pectoris. On Coagulation Tests And Plasminogen

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kösteriag ◽  
K L Neuhaus ◽  
U Kasten ◽  
J Schrader ◽  
U Artmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Bleeding Complication ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Systemic Thrombolysis

Streptokinase, aplicated by intracoronary infusion in pat. with acute myocardial infarction has proven to be successfull in recanalisation of occluded coronary arteries. The good clinical, angiographic, chemical and EKG results suggests that jeopardized myocardium was salvaged by acute recanalisation. Till now, we infused Streptokinase (about 2000 U/min) in 78 pat. into the ischemia related occluded coronary artery. In this presentation we intend to demonstrate the results of these pat. and of a study, done before starting intracoronary Streptokinase infusion to be safe for bleeding complication. Neither after the infusion of 50 000 U.(n = 24) of 100 000 U. (n = 15) nor in 20 pat. who received SK equal to their ASTK-titres plus 50 000 U. SK whe found severe alterations of the blood-coagulation system. Only in the last group there was a small decrease of Fibrinogen of about 100 mg% and of Plasminogen 4 mg%. In none of the 78 pat., treated by intracoronary SK aplication, we resulted bleeding complication and the mean values of blood coagulation test remained within the normal range. On the other hand, we infused SK by veins and controlled the thrombolytic effect by coronarangiography. In 5 of 6 pat. we succeded in recanalisation of occluded coronary arteries within 45 Used very high dosages of SK, (about 2 Mill U) there was only a small decrease of 210 mg of Fibrinogen and no bleeding complications.

Quantitative Index of the Blood Clot Elasticity

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pieptea ◽  
M. Pieptea ◽  
D. Pieptea
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Definite Integral ◽  
Quantitative Index ◽  
Hypothetical Case ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Relative Value

One of the most characteristic feature of the blood clot is the elasticity, its capacity of doing passively a mechanical work. The information about this property given by the thrombelastographic Am is quite relative, Mathepltical Modelling of the active phase of the blood coagulation, phenomenon, allowed us a proper evaluation of this quality, by the definite integral of the function. The index of the clot elasticity (Q) can be calculated according to the formula: and represents the relative value (Q%) of the clot elasticity obtained, in the sample of blood to be examined, against the absolute value (100%) in the hypothetical case with sudden coagulation and inextensible fibrin.The normal values of this index are: 17 < Q < 25%. Underneath, (Q < 17%) there is a reduced elasticity, so as above,(Q > 25%), the figure snows, an increased elactricity.a, xc and xm are parameters which can be measured on the thrombelastographi tracing. λ is calculated: .

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