scholarly journals Molecular characterization of guava (Psidium guajava L.) germplasm by RAPD analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ahmed ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
SA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Local Farmers

Psidium guajava L. is a perennial fruit tree in subtropical and tropical areas. In Bangladesh, P. guajava has been used as edible fruits and people use it to treat acute diarrhea, cough and intestinal spasmodic diseases. In the present study, morphological and molecular characterizations were used to display different levels of variability. Molecular marker random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used for the molecular identification of 33 P. guajava germplasm from three selected south-western location of Bangladesh. Among them, eleven commercially cultivated germplasm and the rest twenty two were collected from local farmers. The 10-mer and 12-mer oligonucleotide primers were used in RAPD to amplify. Four primers, A02, A03, S07 and S08, were able to direct the amplification and yield a total of 252 band patterns of which 33.19% were polymorphic. The highest percent of polymorphic loci (37.5%) was observed from primer A03 and the lowest (28.57%) was from primer S08. Results were analyzed by molecular algorithm UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining. Thirty-three genotypes on the dendrogram were identified and divided into two major groups and subgroups on the basis of morphological characteristics and also on the uncultivated and commercial cultivars. The range of genetic distance was observed 0.5253 (Jelly and Thai) to 0.6631 (V30 and V 22). Based on the cluster analysis, the P. guajava samples have morphological difference were grouped independently. The results suggested that RAPD is useful for the discrimination of uncultivated, cultivars P. guajava for high economy.Key words: Guava; Germplasm; RAPD; Marker; Dendrogram.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i3.8823International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(3):62-67

scholarly journals Variability among selective guava (Psidium guajava L.) varieties revealed by morphology and RAPD marker

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Alam ◽  
Kazi Didarul Islam ◽  
SM Mahbubur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Range Of Variation

The research was conducted for the assessment of genetic diversity using both morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of twelve guava (Psidium guajava L.) varieties growing in Bangladesh. Morphological characterization of guava varieties showed a wide range of variation. The highest variability was observed between Poly and Jelly varieties.Polymerase chain reaction with 5 arbitrary 10-mer and 3 arbitrary 12- mer RAPD primers produced a total of 50 bands of which 75.23 percent were polymorphic. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (100%) was observed for primer A and the lowest (50%) for A03 primer. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed the segregation pattern and the difference of evolutionary changes. Guava varieties were separated into two main groups, one of them was made up of Chineese, Jelly, Kazi, Apple, L-49, Local-2 and Local-3. The other one was made up of Local-1, Poly, Kashi, Thai and Bombay. The highest genetic distance between Apple and Kazi peyara indicate that these varieties might be interesting in breeding programme for improving trait of interest. This scientific information could be used for further improvement of guava. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 89-98, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals Two new species of Undifilum, fungal endophytes of Astragalus (locoweeds) in the United States

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 866-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana L. Baucom ◽  
Marie Romero ◽  
Robert Belfon ◽  
Rebecca Creamer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighbor Joining

New species of Undifilum , from locoweeds Astragalus lentiginosus Vitman and Astragalus mollissimus Torr., are described using morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses as Undifilum fulvum Baucom & Creamer sp. nov. and Undifilum cinereum Baucom & Creamer sp. nov. Fungi were isolated from dried plants of A. lentiginosus var. araneosus , diphysus , lentiginosus , and wahweapensis collected from Arizona, Oregon, and Utah, USA, and A. mollissimus var. biglovii , earleii , and mollissimus collected from New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, USA. Endophytic fungi from Astragalus locoweeds were compared to Undifilum oxytropis isolates obtained from dried plant material of Oxytropis lamberteii from New Mexico and Oxytropis sericea from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Extremely slow growth in vitro was observed for all, and conidia, if present, were ellipsoid with transverse septa. However, in vitro color, growth on four different media, and conidium size differed between fungi from Astragalus spp. and U. oxytropis. Neighbor-joining analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene sequences revealed that U. fulvum and U. cinereum formed a clade distinct from U. oxytropis. This was supported by neighbor-joining analyses of results generated from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments using two different primers.

scholarly journals Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Analysis for Genetic Characterization of Two Breeds of Dogs, German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jarina Joshsi ◽  
Lumanti Manandhar ◽  
Patima Shrestha ◽  
Rani Gupta ◽  
Rojlina Manadhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Random Amplification

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic diversity in dog samples belonging to populations of German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz. A total of twelve samples were typed using eight RAPD primers. Out of eight primers, three primers gave result in six individuals of dogs. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor joining method based on Nei. Original measures revealed highest genetic identity found in German Shepherd as 0.9444 and highest genetic distance as 1.2809. The analysis predicts the number of polymorphic loci as 15 and the percentage of polymorphic loci as 83.3. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 73-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7717

Development of DNA fingerprinting keys for the identification of radish cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pradhan ◽  
G. Yan ◽  
J. A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Difference Matrix ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Identification of cultivars is extremely important both for cultivation and breeding of crop plants. Cultivar identification based on morphological characteristics can be difficult and complicated. Polymerase chain reaction technologies, such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, can readily and quickly identify cultivars using seeds and young leaves. Sixty individuals representing 7 radish cultivars were examined for RAPD marker polymorphism. Based on the polymorphism generated, 5 primers were selected, out of the 14��examined, to fingerprint the cultivars. The 5 primers produced a total of 52 fragments, 6 monomorphic and 46�polymorphic fragments, ranging in size from 206 to 2258 base pairs. A total and mean character difference matrix was calculated based on the RAPD data and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Three DNA fingerprinting keys were developed for the 7 cultivars and 5 markers derived from 3 primers was the minimum required to distinguish cultivars. Results demonstrated that RAPD markers could be effectively used for the identification of radish cultivars.

scholarly journals Development of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for authentication of Croton tiglium Linn.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-166
Author(s):  
Shweta Vekariya ◽  
◽  
Krushnkumar Taviad ◽  
RN Acharya RN ◽  
CN Harisha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Croton Tiglium ◽  
Young Leaves

Background: Croton tiglium Linn., commonly known as Jayapala, in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, is wellknown for its purgative action. In the herbal raw drug market, seeds of Baliospermum montanum Blume., Ricinus communis Linn. and Croton roxburghii Wall. etc. are sold in the name of Jayapla seeds due to their morphological similarities. Hence their identification through molecular characters is need of the hour. Aim: Present study aims with the molecular characterization of young leaves of C. tiglium Linn. Materials & Methods: Fresh young leaves of C. tiglium Linn. were collected from its natural habitat Udupi, Karnnataka, during January 2017. It was used for molecular characterization and DNA fingerprints, by standard and most convenient Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers at Food testing laboratory, Junagadh Agriculture University, Gujarat, India. Results: All the primers gave good band patterns. Primer 5, 6, 8, 11 and 13 showed more number of light and bright bands matching characters with plant. Conclusion: Observed RAPD marker can be used to differentiate genuine as well as adulterated samples. The results may be used for the further research purposes and also required DNA Barcoding studies for further authentication.

scholarly journals Genome Relationship among Nine Species of Millettieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikanta Acharya ◽  
Arup Kumar Mukherjee ◽  
Pratap Chandra Panda
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genome Relationship ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea ◽  
Constituent Species

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker was used to establish intergeneric classification and phylogeny of the tribe Millettieae sensu Geesink (1984) (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) and to assess genetic relationship between 9 constituent species belonging to 5 traditionally recognized genera under the tribe. DNA from pooled leaf samples was isolated and RAPD analysis performed using 25 decamer primers. The genetic similarities were derived from the dendrogram constructed by the pooled RAPD data using a similarity index, which supported clear grouping of species under their respective genera, inter- and intra-generic classification and phylogeny and also merger of Pongamia with Millettia. Elevation of Tephrosia purpurea var. pumila to the rank of a species (T. pumila) based on morphological characteristics is also supported through this study of molecular markers.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Hyphal Swelling Group of Pythium: DNA Polymorphisms and Cultural and Morphological Characteristics

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kageyama ◽  
H. Uchino ◽  
M. Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The hyphal swelling (HS) group of Pythium species and P. ultimum were studied for cultural and morphological characteristics, restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the amplified internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in nuclear rDNA, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of genome DNA. The shape of sporangia was spherical to subspherical or lemoniform and averaged 18.1–23.0 μm. All isolates could grow at 5 to 35°C, and the rate at the optimal temperature, 30°C, was 29–34 mm/24 h. The size of the ITS region amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the banding patterns after digestion with the restriction enzymes showed no variation between the HS group and P. ultimum. No difference in banding patterns was shown between the HS group and P. ultimum by RAPD analysis with each of three primers. Isolates examined were from Japan, and results should be confirmed from other regions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nigerian Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Using Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Alege Gbenga Olorunshola
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Uv Illumination ◽  
Sesame Genotypes ◽  
High Level

The assessment of genetic diversity among 23 sesame genotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) obtained from different locations across 10 states in Nigeria was carried out using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The field trial tests were carried out on the 23 sesame accessions for two seasons to have uniform genotypes from each accessions. A standard protocol of CTAB with slight modifications was employed for DNA extracted from the harvested seeds. The extracted DNA samples were observed under UV illumination using agarose gel electrophoresis after staining with ethidium bromide. A total of 7 primers were used for PCR amplification, 5 of which have been previously used to discriminate sesame genotypes from other countries. Only 3 of the 7 primers considered produced strong amplification with the selected 23 sesame samples. A total of 47 amplified products were produced by the 3 primers among the 23 accessions all of which are 100% polymorphic. The estimates of similarity index for the 23 accessions ranged from 0.29 to 0.92. Cluster analysis revealed 2 main clusters with some of the accessions from different geographical origin cluster together in the same group which might indicate the involvement of human factor in the spread of sesame varieties in Nigeria. The relevance of RAPD to this study was evident from the high level of polymorphism reported in this study. There is therefore existence of adequate genetic diversity among the 23 Nigerian sesame accessions for sesame breeders to develop improved varieties.

scholarly journals Morphophysiogenetic characterization of wild poinsettia biotypes with low resistance to glyphosate

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 987-996
Author(s):  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
André da Rosa Ulguim ◽  
Leandro Vargas ◽  
Jessica Dias Gomes da Silva ◽  
Ana Claudia Langaro
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Light Compensation Point ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) biotypes as to their morphological characteristics, as well as to determine their genetic similarity in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to confront the light compensation point of susceptible biotypes and of biotypes with low-resistance level to glyphosate. Besides the morphology analysis, the study included the genetic characterization, by AFLP, of susceptible (GR50= 58.65 g ha-1 a.e.) biotypes and of biotypes with low resistance (GR50= 310.36 g ha-1 a.e.) to glyphosate. The competitive ability of the biotypes was inferred according to their light compensation point. The observed morphological characteristics do not allow to differentiate biotypes as to their geographical location, or their resistance level to glyphosate. The genetic analysis identified low genetic diversity among the 15 tested biotypes, with a large amount of subgroups. The biotypes with low resistance formed an isolated group. The susceptible biotypes showed the lowest values of light compensation point and, possibly, they have a greater competitive ability under low-luminosity conditions. The evaluated characteristics do not enable to differentiate genotypes with different levels of glyphosate resistance.

scholarly journals The Taming of Psidium guajava: Natural and Cultural History of a Neotropical Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Arévalo-Marín ◽  
Alejandro Casas ◽  
Leslie Landrum ◽  
Myrtle P. Shock ◽  
Hernán Alvarado-Sizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Amazonian Lowlands

Guava (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) is a Neotropical fruit that is widely consumed around the world. However, its evolutionary history and domestication process are unknown. Here we examine available ecological, taxonomic, genetic, archeological, and historical evidence about guava. Guava needs full sunlight, warm temperatures, and well-distributed rainfall throughout the year to grow, but tolerates drought. Zoochory and anthropochory are the main forms of dispersal. Guava’s phylogenetic relationships with other species of the genus Psidium are unclear. A group of six species that share several morphological characteristics are tentatively accepted as the Psidium guajava complex. DNA analyses are limited to the characterization of crop genetic diversity within localities and do not account for possible evolutionary and domestication scenarios. A significant amount of archeological information exists, with a greater number and older records in South America than in Mesoamerica, where there are also numerous historical records. From this information, we propose that: (1) the guava ancestor may have originated during the Middle or Late Miocene, and the savannas and semi-deciduous forests of South America formed during the Late Pleistocene would have been the most appropriate ecosystems for its growth, (2) the megafauna were important dispersers for guava, (3) dispersal by humans during the Holocene expanded guava’s geographic range, including to the southwestern Amazonian lowlands, (4) where its domestication may have started, and (5) with the European conquest of the Neotropics, accompanied by their domestic animals, new contact routes between previously remote guava populations were established. These proposals could direct future research on the evolutionary and domestication process of guava.

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