scholarly journals Socio-cultural acceptability of cadaver Transplantation in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
N Mobasser ◽  
N Zahmatkeshan ◽  
N Farhadi ◽  
S Nikeghbalian ◽  
H Hasankhani
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Organ Failures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation

Organ transplantation is known to be a new and innovative treatment for patients with progressive organ failures. The present study investigates the current status of transplantation from cadaver along with its socio-cultural acceptability in Iran. The present study is a descriptive research in a systematic review method. Here, by investigating previously conducted researches in Iran during the period 2002- 2010, the status of transplantation from cadaver and its socio-cultural acceptability in Iran has been investigated. To collect the data, the access to Iranmedex website, the premier medical data center in Iran, was made possible using the related keywords. The obtained data indicate whereas there is an increase in the number of organ donations from cadaver, it is still low in comparison to other countries. The lack of consent from families of brain-dead patients is a major hurdle on the way of organ transplantation in Iran. In the cases of willingness to donate organs, the major effective factors were the deceased’s religious beliefs and prior tendency. In 66% of the cases, the donors’ families deemed organ donation phenomenon effective in alleviating the sorrow after the death of their beloved ones. The number of organ donation from cadaver in Iran is low contrary to other countries. It seems that general instructions to raise the knowledge on the subject and lay the foundation to increase the tendency towards posthumous organ donation are necessary.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(3):63-66 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i3.12133 

Payment for Organ Donation in Jewish Law

2010 ◽  
pp. 323-339
Author(s):  
Fred Rosner ◽  
Edward Reichman
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Financial Compensation ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Therapeutic Context ◽  
Ownership Rights

Payment for organ donation in Jewish Law is the essence of this article. In Judaism, a physician's license to heal the sick is considered divinely given. The Talmud drives this from the Biblical phrase, “And he shall surely heal.” In fact, according to Maimonides, a physician is obligated to heal the sick, induce remission of illness, and prolong life. Human organ transplantation began nearly half a century ago. Since then, organ donations have been insufficient to meet the needs of patients with diseased organs. This article traces the Halakhic and Talmudic precedents for selling body parts. There is Talmudic precedent for selling body parts, but not organs, and not in a medical or therapeutic context. This article further explains Jewish law forbids receiving financial compensation for fulfilling a meritorious act. Clauses pertaining to organ donation such as obligations to save a life, ownership rights over one's body form the concluding part of this article.

scholarly journals Egyptians Social Acceptance and Consenting Options for Posthumous Organ Donation. A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammal Mokhtar Metwally ◽  
Ghada A. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Lobna Eletreby ◽  
Ahmed Aboulghate ◽  
Amira Mohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation

Abstract Background: Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways in developing and developed countries to save lives and improve the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. No previous studies investigated either the Egyptians’ perception or preferences about different consenting options for organ donation. This study aims to assess Egyptian personal preferences and public perception of norm on several consenting options for posthumous organ donation, and measure the awareness and acceptance of the public to Egyptian law articles regulating organ donation. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted along two years among 2743 participants. Participants were chosen from governmental and non-governmental facilities as well as from the general public. Each participant was required to complete the study questionnaire which included demographic characteristics, personal preferences and public norms of eleven consenting options arranged from 1 (most preferred) to 11 (least preferred), and awareness and acceptance of the seven articles of Egyptian laws concerning organ donation. Results: About 78% of the respondents expressed willingness to donate their organs after death while 22% were not willing to donate. Out of donation preferences, informed consent by donor only was a preferable choice, where about one third of respondents assigned to this option the highest ranking scores (31% as a personal preference and 31.6 % for the public norm). There was no difference between males and females or between personal preferences and perception of norms in consenting systems ranking. The awareness for the targeted Egyptian laws regarding organ donation after death was relatively low ranging from 56% to 23%. Conclusion: Informed consent by donor only was the preferable choice as personal preference and as norm. The choice of consenting options did not vary with gender, education or employment. Increasing the awareness of Egyptians on the articles of the law of organ donation is highly needed.

Moderating Role of Religiosity and the Determinants to Attitude, Willingness to Donate and Willingness to Communicate Posthumous Organ Donation Decisions among University Students in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110451
Author(s):  
Sonia Umair ◽  
Jo-Ann Ho ◽  
Serene Siew Imm Ng ◽  
Norazlyn Kamal Basha
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Donor Card ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation ◽  
The Relationship

Organ transplantation is considered an alternative treatment to save lives or to improve the quality of life and is a successful method for the treatment of patients with end-stage organ diseases. The main objective of the current study was to explore the determinants of the attitudes and willingness to communicate the posthumous organ donation decisions to the families. Questionnaires were used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results confirmed altruism, knowledge, empathy, and self-identity as the antecedents to attitude. We also found perceived behavioral control, moral norms, and attitude as significant antecedents to the willingness to donate organs after death. The results of the study also indicated that those who were willing to sign the donor card were also willing to communicate their decision to their families. Religiosity moderated the relationship between willingness to donate and signing the donor card, and it strengthened the relationship. The findings of this study would provide insight into the factors which can influence posthumous organ donation among university students in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards organ donation in Syria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Tarzi ◽  
Malke Asaad ◽  
Joudi Tarabishi ◽  
Obada Zayegh ◽  
Rama Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Abstract Background The perception of organ donation and brain death among Syrian population has not been previously explored. The goal of this study is to evaluate the attitude and knowledge of organ donation among Syrians and the willingness of this population to donate their organs. Methods We conducted a survey-based cross-sectional study in four hospitals in Aleppo, Syria in November 2019. Patient demographic, awareness of brain death; and attitude toward organ donation were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 350 individuals were invited to participate in the survey among whom 303 (197 females, 106 males) agreed to participate in the study (87% response rate). The majority of our participants (n = 249, 82%) heard about organ donation with television (n = 166, 55%), social media (n = 77, 25%), and the internet (n = 77, 25%) being the most common sources of information. When assessing knowledge about brain death, only 40% (n = 116) answered 3 or more questions (out of 5) correctly. Fifty-eight percent (n = 176) of respondents agreed with the idea of organ donation and 183 (62%) would like to donate their organs one day. The leading motivation to organ donation was the desire to help (n = 234, 77%), while the most common reason to refuse donation was the refusal to disfigure a dead body by removing an organ (n = 125, 41%). Religious reasons were cited as motivation for organ donation by 43% of participants (n = 130), and a reason for refusing to donate organs by 24% (n = 71). Most respondents (n = 261, 88%) were unaware of the laws and legislations related to organ donation in Syria. When asked if religion and law were encouraging organ donation, 76% of respondents (n = 226) would donate their organs. Although more positive attitude was found in those with better brain death knowledge (score ≥ 3), this did not translate into more willingness to donate organs in this group of participants. Conclusions The promotion of organ donations from deceased donors is a necessity given the rising shortage of organs. The information provided by this study could help policy makers build future strategies to promote deceased organ donation programs and overcome current obstacles preventing such initiatives from achieving their goals.

scholarly journals Islamic Perspectives on Organ Transplantation: A Continuous Debate

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Jan A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Medical Perspective

From a medical perspective, as well as an ordinary human perspective, organ transplantation is often understood as a process through which health is restored to sick humans and, consequently, their quality of life improved. Organ transplantation is a medical surgical procedure carried out by an expert or a team of experts who remove a failing or diseased organ or organs from the human body and replace it or them with a functioning organ or organs. With such positive portrayal of the process, organ transplantation is highly recommended and encouraged in modern medicine. However, in Islam, the Qur’an and hadiths—the two great texts of the religion—are silent on the subject. In other words, there is no discussion of the subject in the texts and, therefore, it is not clear whether organ transplantation is permissible or not in Islam. Thus, is organ transplantation an accepted modality of treatment that eliminates the patient’s agony from end-stage organ failure, remains an open-ended question. Whilst some Muslim scholars and jurists argue in favour of organ donation and transplantation, there are others who reject the practice as a breach of shari’ah. This paper posits that the subject of organ donation and transplantation in Islam is an unresolved matter without a ubiquitous consensus. The purpose of the paper is to educate the readers about the two key perspectives on the subject, and highlight that more research and a robust academic and sociological debate are needed to resolve the question of organ donation and transplantation in Islam.

Women and Sport in the 1990s: Reflections on “Embracing Stars, Ignoring Players“

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Spencer ◽  
Lisa R. McClung
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Current Status ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Women In Sport ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Status Of Women

Numerous scholars have assessed the status of women in sport during the last decade of the 20th century (Acosta & Carpenter, 2000; Andrews, 1998; Borcila, 2000; Cole, 2000; Eastman & Billings, 1999; McDonald, 1999; Starr & Brant, 1999). Perhaps the nineties can be best characterized by the familiar Dickens adage that “it was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” At a time when the 1999 U.S. Women's soccer team captured the World Cup and the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) enjoyed increasing popularity, it seemed that women's sports were never more visible. So, how could this be the worst of times? While women now receive heretofore-unprecedented coverage, evidence suggests that certain images continue to be privileged over others. In this paper, we assess the current status of women in sport in light of an article that appeared on the subject a decade earlier.

scholarly journals ANALISA TERHADAP PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONTITUSI NOMOR 46/PUU-VIII/2010 MENGENAI STATUS ANAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Darda Pasmatuti
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

Marriage is a sacred part of life, because it must pay attention to norms and rules of life in society. But in reality, not everyone is so principled, with a variety of justifiable reasons that are reasonable and acceptable to society, marriage is often not appreciated for its sanctity. Marriage is a medium that will unite two people in a household. Marriage is the only unifying rite of two persons officially recognized in both state law and religious law.  Problem under study is to analyze the decision of Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 regarding the status of children, in this case the research method used is descriptive research that emphasizes the data in the form of narrative and argumentation of words and not on data in the form of numbers, numbers. Using the normative juridical approach of trying to learn every legal material that is related to the subject of the study and then comparing with the rules of legislation, theories and opinions of experts on the issues discussed. Test material submitted from Hj. Aisha Mochtar to the Constitutional Court regarding the provisions of Article 2 and Article 43 paragraph (1) of Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage of Article 28 B Paragraph (1) and (2) of the 1945 Constitution relating to the Rights of the Child and Article 28 D of the 1945 Constitution relating to the right of everyone to the recognition, guarantee, protection and certainty of equitable law and equal treatment in before the law. Article 2 of Law no. 1 Year 1974, related to legitimated marriage is marriage recorded at the institution of marriage. Meanwhile, Article 43 of Law no. 1 Year 1974, related to the status of children outside marriage. The test of the material is granted in decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Which will be discussed is the Decision Analysis of the Constitutional Court. Decision 46/PUU-VIII/2010 child status.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Religious Officials Working in a City Center on Organ Transplantation and Donation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Şemsinnur Göçer ◽  
Nursel Üstündağ Öcal
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
City Center ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Religious Thoughts

Aim: Although number of patients requiring organ and tissue transplantation is gradually increasing over time, number of organ donations is not sufficient to meet such requirement. This is due to gap in the knowledge regarding organ transplantation as well as individual or religious thoughts. Since some people avoid from organ donation because of their religious beliefs, religious officials play an important role in guiding such people by providing accurate information. In this study, it was aimed to determine perspectives on organ donation among religious officials. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 141 religious officials working in Yozgat province. A data sheet including sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, education level and a 20-item questionnaire about opinions on organ donation and transplantation were used for data collection. Results: Of participants, 62.4% reported that they have knowledge about organ donation; 54.6% reported that they learned from visual media; 64.5% reported that they do not know how to donate organ; and 72.3% reported that they wish to have knowledge about organ donation. Only 2.9% of participants were donors. Conclusion: Although level of knowledge was moderate in religious officials who have important role in organ donation, organ donation rate was comparable with general population. Keywords: Organ donation, organ transplantation, religious officials

scholarly journals FOLKSONOMIA EM REPOSITÓRIOS DIGITAIS: análise da produção científica nacional e internacional = FOLKSONOMY IN DIGITAL REPOSITORIES: analysis of national and international scientific production

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Raimunda Fernanda Santos ◽  
Tamires Fonseca Carvalho ◽  
Karina Ortiz Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Recommendation Systems ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Personalized Recommendation ◽  
Collaborative Representation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
Semantic Metadata ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

Estuda aspectos concernentes à Folksonomia e à representação colaborativa da informação em sistemas como os Repositórios Digitais. Tem como objetivo analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre Folksonomia em Repositórios Digitais. Objetiva especificamente: demonstrar o status das produções científicas sobre essa temática; categorizar os enfoques de estudos acerca da temática e apresentar as tendências e perspectivas de estudos sobre o tema. Tem como metodologia as pesquisas bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa para fins de recuperação, análise e mapeamento da produção científica nacional e internacional sobre a temática no Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Constata que 53% das produções científicas recuperadas foram publicadas no período de 2010 a 2015 e 47% dos trabalhos estão distribuídos no intervalo de tempo entre 2016 a 2020. Evidencia que, dentre os artigos recuperados, 17% são pesquisas publicadas em periódicos brasileiros; 83% foram publicadas em revistas internacionais. Identifica os seguintes enfoques de estudos sobre o tema: a) propostas de sistemas de recomendação personalizada baseada na Folksonomia; b) interoperabilidade de metadados semânticos orientados pelos(as) usuários(as); c) estudos exploratórios de interface de repositórios digitais; d) propostas de navegação híbrida em repositórios digitais com base na Folksonomia e em sistemas formais como ontologias. Conclui evidenciando a predominância de pesquisas voltadas para sistemas de recomendação e interoperabilidade de metadados semânticos orientados pelos usuários. Identifica ainda que as pesquisas sobre a temática são pouco exploradas na literatura, sobretudo no contexto nacional, se configurando como um universo de estudo a ser explorado pelos profissionais e pesquisadores da área.ABSTRACTIt studies aspects concerning Folksonomy and the collaborative representation of information in systems such as Digital Repositories. It aims to analyze the national and international scientific production on Folksonomy in Digital Repositories. Specifically aims to: demonstrate the status of scientific productions on this topic; categorize the approaches of studies on the theme and present the trends and perspectives of studies on the theme. Its methodology is bibliographical, exploratory and descriptive research with a quantitative and qualitative approach for the purpose of recovery, analysis and mapping of national and international scientific production on the subject in the CAPES Journal Portal. Finds that 53% of the recovered scientific productions were published in the period from 2010 to 2015 and 47% of the works are distributed in the time interval between 2016 to 2020. It shows that among the retrieved articles, 17% are researches published in Brazilian journals; 83% were published in international journals. It identifies the following focus of studies on the subject: a) proposals for personalized recommendation systems based on Folksonomy; b) interoperability of user-oriented semantic metadata; c) exploratory studies of digital repositories interface; d) proposals for hybrid navigation in digital repositories based on Folksonomy and formal systems such as ontologies. It concludes by highlighting the predominance of research aimed at recommendation systems and user-oriented semantic metadata interoperability. Also identifies that research on the subject is little explored in the literature, especially in the national conext, configuring itself as a study universe to be explored by professionals and researchers in the area. 

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