Maternal Mortality - A Public Health Problem

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Shirin ◽  
Shamsun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Skilled Attendant ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Maternal mortality is an important indicator which reflects the health status of a community. It can be calculated by maternal mortality ratio (MMR), maternal mortality rate (MMRate), and adult life time risk of maternal death. MMR estimates are based on varieties of methods that include household surveys, sisterhood methods, reproductive-age mortality studies (RAMOS), verbal autopsies and censuses. Main causes of maternal mortality are hemorrhage, infection, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and obstructed labour. Factors of maternal mortality have been conceptualized by three delays model. Estimates of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) trend between 1990 and 2010 (over 20 years period) suggest a global reduction (47%), with a greater reduction in developing countries (47%) including Bangladesh than in developed countries (39%). However, to meet the challenge of Fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG5 i.e. to ensure 75% reduction of MMR by the year 2015), the annual rate of MMR decline and increase of skilled attendant at birth need to be still faster. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14735 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(2): 64-69

scholarly journals Temporal Evolution of Maternal Mortality: 1980-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (09) ◽  
pp. 662-668
Author(s):  
Janete Vettorazzi ◽  
Edimárlei Gonsales Valério ◽  
Maria Alexandrina Zanatta ◽  
Mariana Hollmann Scheffler ◽  
Sergio Hofmeister de Almeida Martins Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Abstract Objective To determine the profile of maternal deaths occurred in the period between 2000 and 2019 in the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA, in the Portuguese acronym) and to compare it with maternal deaths between 1980 and 1999 in the same institution. Methods Retrospective study that analyzed 2,481 medical records of women between 10 and 49 years old who died between 2000 and 2018. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee (CAAE 78021417600005327). Results After reviewing 2,481 medical records of women who died in reproductive age, 43 deaths had occurred during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. Of these, 28 were considered maternal deaths. The maternal mortality ratio was 37.6 per 100,000 live births. Regarding causes, 16 deaths (57.1%) were directly associated with pregnancy, 10 (35.1%) were indirectly associated, and 2 (7.1%) were unrelated. The main cause of death was hypertension during pregnancy (31.2%) followed by acute liver steatosis during pregnancy (25%). In the previous study, published in 2003 in the same institution4, the mortality rate was 129 per 100,000 live births, and most deaths were related to direct obstetric causes (62%). The main causes of death in this period were due to hypertensive complications (17.2%), followed by postcesarean infection (16%). Conclusion Compared with data before the decade of 2000, there was an important reduction in maternal deaths due to infectious causes.

Maternal mortality and morbidity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suni Halder ◽  
Steve Yentis
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Mortality Ratio

The risk to women’s health is increased during pregnancy, and maternal mortality is used as an indicator of general healthcare provision as well as a target for improving women’s health worldwide. Morbidity is more difficult to define than mortality but may also be used to monitor and improve women’s care during and after pregnancy. Despite international efforts to reduce maternal mortality, there remains a wide disparity between the rate of deaths in developed (maternal mortality ratio less than 10–20 per 100,000 live births) and developing (maternal mortality ratio as high as 1000 or more per 100,000 live births in some countries) areas of the world. Similarly, treatable conditions that cause considerable morbidity in developed countries but uncommonly result in maternal death (e.g. pre-eclampsia (pre-eclamptic toxaemia), haemorrhage, and sepsis) continue to be major causes of mortality in developing countries, where appropriate care is hampered by a lack of resources, skilled staff, education, and infrastructure. Surveillance systems that identify and analyse maternal deaths aim to monitor and improve maternal healthcare through education of staff and politicians; the longest-running and most comprehensive of these, the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom, was halted temporarily after the 2006–2008 report but is now active again. Surveillance of maternal morbidity is more difficult but systems also exist for this. The lessons learnt from such programmes are thought to be important drivers for improved maternal outcomes across the world.

Abstract P187: Gender Equality and female-to-male Smoking Ratio: Trends in Spain Over the Last 50 Years (1960-2010)

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Beltran ◽  
Usama Bilal ◽  
Ana Navas-Acien ◽  
Esteve Fernández ◽  
Francisco Bolumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mortality Ratio

INTRODUCTION Gender empowerment has been associated with higher gender smoking ratio (GSR) and proved to be a strong predictor of the GSR. Our aim is to study how changes in gender equality may be associated with female-to-male smoking ratio trends in Spain over the last 50 years. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that greater gender equality will increase female-to-male gender smoking ratio. METHODS Values of the United Nations Development Programme’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) were calculated in 5-year intervals from 1960-2010, using data from the National Institute of Statistics. The GII ranges from 0-1 (1 meaning highest inequality) and contemplates 3 dimensions: reproductive health (measured by maternal mortality ratio and adolescent fertility rate), empowerment (share of parliamentary seats and % of each gender with at least secondary education), and female and male labor force participation rates. Female and male smoking prevalence and female-to-male smoking ratio were measured by retrospective reconstruction of National Health Surveys conducted in 2001, 2003, 2006, 2009 (n=20.426, n=21.358, n=29.478, n=22.188), attending to smoking initiation and cessation dates and birth cohorts. In order to test the association between the GII and GSR over the 5 decades we performed Pearson’s correlation. FINDINGS The GII decreased from 0.65 to 0.09 in Spain in the last 50 years. Higher women’s empowerment (parliamentary representation: from 0% to 36%; attainment of secondary education: from 5% to 63%), higher women’s participation in the labor force (from 19% to 68%), and lower maternal mortality ratio (from 45.36 to 4.11 deaths/100.000 live births), can account for most of the reduction in the GII. The smoking prevalence reconstruction reproduced the model of the epidemic in developed countries. Women born after 1951 had a smoking prevalence pattern similar to men’s, as opposed to women born prior to this date. GSR increased from 0.05 to 0.66, indicating that smoking prevalence of both genders converged in time. A gradient of the GSR by level of education was observed and women with higher education had equal smoking prevalence compared to men since 1990. The relation between the GII and GSR over time resulted inversely proportional (r=-0.99) with decreases in gender inequality relating to higher female-to-male smoking ratio. CONCLUSIONS We found a strong negative correlation between gender inequality and female-to-male smoking ratio. Gender equality has significantly improved in Spain over the last 50 years and this process has been accompanied of differential smoking prevalence patterns by genders, which eventually result in analogous female and male smoking prevalence. Gender sensitive tobacco control measures specifically targeted to women are necessary to prevent female smoking prevalence from rising, especially in the context of social transitions involving women’s development.

Maternal mortality, as a largely avoidable cause of death and reduction in maternal mortality has been a top priority in Brazil, despite massive program efforts to avert maternal deaths, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Brazil is still high especially in the poor area. Estimates of maternal mortality rates in Brazil are affected by underreporting of deaths, especially in less developed areas of the country where maternal mortality tends to be higher, and the absence of specific information indicating maternal death in reported deaths of women of reproductive age The objective of this study is to identify the true number of maternal deaths. We use data obtained from Ministry of Health information systems from the 2000 and 2012 Brazil Maternal Mortality Surveys to measure change in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and to measure changes in factors potentially related to such change. We estimate the changes in risk of maternal death between the two surveys using Poisson regression.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Jose Campbell ◽  
Eliana Duarte Osis
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
True Number ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Poor Area

Maternal mortality, as a largely avoidable cause of death and reduction in maternal mortality has been a top priority in Brazil, despite massive program efforts to avert maternal deaths, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Brazil is still high especially in the poor area. Estimates of maternal mortality rates in Brazil are affected by underreporting of deaths, especially in less developed areas of the country where maternal mortality tends to be higher, and the absence of specific information indicating maternal death in reported deaths of women of reproductive age The objective of this study is to identify the true number of maternal deaths. We use data obtained from Ministry of Health information systems from the 2000 and 2012 Brazil Maternal Mortality Surveys to measure change in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and to measure changes in factors potentially related to such change. We estimate the changes in risk of maternal death between the two surveys using Poisson regression.

PENGARUH MOBILISASI DINI TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA POST OPERASI SECTIO CAESARIA DI RS SYAFIRA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
WIWIEK DELVIRA ◽  
FATMI AGUS
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Maternal mortality used as a measure of success towards achieving the MDG's targets, namely the 75% reduction in maternal mortality ratio. In developing countries the frequency of maternal deaths reported to range between 0.3-0.7%, while in developed countries the figure is smaller, which 0.05-0.1% (Widjanarko, 2008). In accordance with the health paradigm without abandoning efforts to restore the health of patients, the need for early mobilization gradually for sectio caesarea postoperative patients while in hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early mobilization on wound healing post sectio caesarea in RS Syafira Pekanbaru. The benefits of this research are as fulfilling the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) for the hospital that can be used as eviden based practice in the provision of nursing services independently. This study was conducted in inpatient obstetric in RS Syafira Pekanbaru on October-November 2015 with a sample of 20 respondents. The research methodology used is the cross-sectional study design. Analysis of the data used in the analysis of univariate and bivariate (t test dependent), the data were processed using a computerized program. The results obtained from this research that the influence of early mobilization with postoperative wound healing secsio Caesaria with P value (0.007).

scholarly journals Trends of maternal mortality at a tertiary health care centre in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3754
Author(s):  
Deepali S. Kapote ◽  
Anam B. Syed ◽  
Swati C. Gawai ◽  
Ashwini S. Desai ◽  
Apeksha M. Mohite
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Background: Maternal mortality is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of duration and site of pregnancy from any cause, related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the hospital records to study the maternal deaths and complication leading to maternal death over the period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, LTMMC and Sion Hospital.Results: The maternal mortality ratio in the present study 548/100000 live births and corrected MMR’s 190/live births. There were 49 deaths of 8093 live birth during the study period. The majority of deaths occurred in the 20-30 age group. Hemorrhage (22.4%) and hypertensive disorder (14.2%) are two most common direct cause of maternal deaths. 46.9% of maternal deaths occurred after 72 hours of death. Indirect cause accounts for 73.5%. Of these deaths and DIC with sepsis was the leading indirect cause of maternal deaths.Conclusions: Hemorrhage, hypertensive disorder, anemia and DIC with sepsis remain major cause of maternal deaths. Delay at primary level, by the patient and family contributed to higher maternal mortality. This requires more effort to educate, impart knowledge to recognize danger signs and seek urgent medical help and create awareness about the easy accessibility and availability of nearby health care facilities amongst the society.

scholarly journals Disparities in pregnancy-related deaths: spatial and Bayesian network analyses of maternal mortality ratio in 54 African countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e004233
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Seun Stephen Anjorin ◽  
Sunday A Adedini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Mortality Ratio

BackgroundMaternal mortality remains a public health problem despite several global efforts. Globally, about 830 women die of pregnancy-related death per day, with more than two-third of these cases occurring in Africa. We examined the spatial distribution of maternal mortality in Africa and explored the influence of SDoH on the spatial distribution.MethodsWe used country-level secondary data of 54 African countries collected between 2006 and 2018 from three databases namely, World Development Indicator, WHO’s Global Health Observatory Data and Human Development Report. We performed descriptive analyses, presented in tables and maps. The spatial analysis involved local indicator of spatial autocorrelation maps and spatial regression. Finally, we built Bayesian networks to determine and show the strength of social determinants associated with maternal mortality.ResultsWe found that the average prevalence of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Africa was 415 per 100 000 live births. Findings from the spatial analyses showed clusters (hotspots) of MMR with seven countries (Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cote d’Ivoire, Chad and Cameroon, Mauritania), all within the Middle and West Africa. On the other hand, the cold spot clusters were formed by two countries; South Africa and Namibia; eight countries (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Ghana, Gabon and Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Cape Verde) formed low–high clusters; thus, indicating that these countries have significantly low MMR but within the neighbourhood of countries with significantly high MMR. The findings from the regression and Bayesian network analysis showed that gender inequities and the proportion of skilled birth attendant are strongest social determinants that drive the variations in maternal mortality across Africa.ConclusionMaternal mortality is very high in Africa especially in countries in the middle and western African subregions. To achieve the target 3.1 of the sustainable development goal on maternal health, there is a need to design effective strategies that will address gender inequalities and the shortage of health professionals.

scholarly journals Facteurs Associes Aux Deces Maternels A L’hôpital De Zone Saint Jean De Dieu De Tanguieta De 2015 A 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Atade Sèdjro Raoul ◽  
Hounkponou Ahouingnan Fanny Maryline Nouessèwa ◽  
Obossou Achille Awadé Afoukou ◽  
Gabkika Bray Madoué ◽  
Doha Sèna Mireille Isabelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Faible Revenu

Introduction: La mortalité maternelle est un problème de santé publique au Bénin ; Elle est estimée à 397 pour 100 000 Naissances Vivantes (NV) en 2017. Dans les pays à faible revenu le ratio de mortalité maternelle est de 239 pour 100 000 Naissances Vivantes (NV). Objectifs: Identifier les facteurs associés aux décès maternels à l’Hôpital de Zone Saint Jean de Dieu de Tanguiéta de 2015 à 2019. Méthode d’étude: Il s’est agi d’une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive et analytique. Les dossiers des femmes ont été dépouillés pour collecter les informations relatives aux variables de l’étude. Résultat: Durant la période d’étude, nous avons recensé 222 dossiers. Le ratio de mortalité maternelle intra-hospitalière était de 1173 décès pour 100 000 naissances. L’âge moyen des femmes décédées était de 25,4 ans. Les femmes décédées étaient des ménagères dans 72,1%. Plus de la moitié des femmes décédées (55,9%) n’avaient bénéficié d’aucune consultation prénatale. La référence était le principal mode d’entrée à l’hôpital (64%). Les causes obstétricales directes des décès étaient dominées par les hémorragies (25,8%), les troubles hypertensifs (22,8%) et les infections puerpérales (21,2%). Les facteurs associés aux décès maternels étaient : le milieu de résidence (p = 0,004), le délai (de 5jours et plus) entre l’apparition des symptômes et l’admission à l’hôpital (p = 0,019), le transport non médicalisé (p=0,013) et le troisième retard (p < 0,001). Conclusion: Le ratio de mortalité maternelle était élevé à l’hôpital de zone Saint Jean de Dieu de Tanguieta. Il importe que des actions soient menées en agissant sur les différents facteurs en vue de réduire la mortalité maternelle dans cet hôpital. Introduction: Maternal mortality is a public health problem in Benin, it is estimated at 397 per 100,000 Live Births (LB) in 2017. In low-income countries the maternal mortality ratio is 239 per 100,000 Live Births (LB). Objectives: Identify the factors associated with maternal deaths at the Saint Jean de Dieu Zone Hospital in Tanguiéta from 2015 to 2019. Study Method: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim. Women's records were searched to collect information on study variables. Result: During the study period, we identified 222 cases. The intrahospital maternal mortality ratio was 1,173 deaths per 100,000 births. The average age of the deceased women was 25.4 years. 72.1% of the deceased women were housewives. More than half of the women who died (55.9%) had not received any prenatal consultation. Referral was the main mode of entry to hospital (64%). The direct obstetric causes of death were dominated by haemorrhages (25.8%), hypertensive disorders (22.8%) and puerperal infections (21.2%). Factors associated with maternal deaths were: place of residence (p = 0.004), the time (5 days or more) between the onset of symptoms and admission to hospital (p = 0.019), unsafe transportation (p = 0.013) and The third delay (p <0.001). Conclusion: The maternal mortality ratio was high at the Saint Jean de Dieu hospital in Tanguieta. It is important that actions be taken by acting on the various factors in order to reduce maternal mortality in this hospital.

scholarly journals Why Are So Many Nepali Women Killing Themselves? A Review Of Key Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Simkhada ◽  
E Van Teijlingen ◽  
R C Winter ◽  
C Fanning ◽  
A Dhungel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Culture Of Silence ◽  
Nepali Women

For decades the maternal mortality in Nepal was the lead cause of death among women, with serious improvements in the maternal mortality ratio in the twentieth century the second most common cause has become more prominent. Suicide is now one of the leading causes of death for women of a reproductive age in Nepal. This scoping review brings together the key available literature to identify the causes of suicide among women in Nepal. Published and unpublished studies and the grey literature published on women and suicide related to Nepal between 2000 and 2014 were searched and included in this review. This review suggested a number of explanations for high rate of suicide among women including: partner violence, alcoholism and polygamy, the culture of silence, early age marriage and prolonged child bearing and dependency on men for financial security. This paper highlights some challenges and suggests ways forward in the improvement of mental health in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.12001Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page: 43-49

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