scholarly journals Study of Air Quality at One of the World’s Most Densely Populated City Dhaka and its Suburban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Mohammad Lokman Hossain ◽  
Subrata Chandra Roy ◽  
Mithun Chandra Bepari ◽  
Bilkis Ara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

Air borne particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 were collected by using Mini Vol portable Air Sampler from the world most densely populated city Dhaka and its suburban areas over a period of January through December in 2016. This study revealed a comparison of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) of a highly polluted urban area to its two neighboring areas that accommodate heavy oil based power plants. In all three sites the quantity of PM decreases in summer reaching its lowest level in the month of July, however, it increases significantly in winter season. Despite the presence of the fuel based power plants the average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 at the city Dhaka surpasses its two neighbors Manikganj and Nawabganj. Interestingly, PM2.5/PM10 ratio is higher at the suburban areas than urban area. The study shows that for all the sites PM2.5 is approximately twice than that of WHO and USEPA. However, the values of PM2.5 is almost similar for Nawabganj and Manikganj but much higher for the Dhaka city especially during dry season . The Mass concentration of Black Carbon (BC) was also determined from the PM samples from Manikganj and Nawabganj. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 59-66, 2019

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Concentrations within the Urban Area of Athens, Greece

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Najam ◽  
Konstantinos Moustris ◽  
Panagiotis Nastos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

The main objective of this work is to investigate the temporal variation of PM10 concentrations within the urban area of Athens during the years 2001-2015. For this purpose, the time series of the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm (PM10) is recorded for a 15-year period (2001-2015) in two different monitoring stations located in the urban area of Athens. The results show a totally different behavior of PM10 concentrations between the Athens city center and the suburban areas. It seems that in the city center the main sources of PM10 are traffic and heating systems especially during the cold period of the year. Furthermore, in the city center a significant seasonal variation was found with high concentrations during the cold period of the year and lower concentrations during the warm period of the year. Moreover, it was found that during the weekends, there is a decrease in PM10 concentrations probably due to the fact that majority of people do not use their vehicles. Finally, for both locations a significant temporal decreasing trend of the mean annual PM10 concentrations was found which indicates that during the last years, there have been improvements towards a better air quality.

Occurrence of aliphatic and aromatic compounds associated with atmospheric particulate matter in three cities of Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dipa Lalwani ◽  
Dhruti Patel ◽  
Baiju Varghese ◽  
J.I. Nirmal Kumar ◽  
N. Rita Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
High Concentrations

The organic pollutants associated with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in the environment, especially PM2.5 (particles <2.5 μm) have become a major issue worldwide in the past decade. The ambient air samples of four different sizes of particles were collected using an active air sampler (cascade impactor) from three cities of Gujarat: Anand, Ahmedabad and Surat. To study morphology and elemental composition, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray system (EDX) were used for fine particle size <1.0 μm. Besides, organic pollutants associated with particulate matter were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Total 54 organic chemicals including 29 aliphatic (alkanes and alkanoic acids) and 25 aromatic chemical compounds were identified qualitatively. Phthalate, the well-known plasticizer was found in the atmosphere of all three study sites. In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene and fluorene were quantified at high concentrations in Ahmedabad (315 ng/m3 and 509 ng/m3 respectively) followed by Surat (310 ng/m3 and 382 ng/m3) and Anand (76.1 ng/m3 and 123 ng/m3). The distribution of organic chemicals was found diverse at three locations which might be influenced by the different sources and landmass usage in each city. The presence of the carbonaceous elements in the particles indicates biomass burning emissions during the winter season which might be a source of pollutants in the studied areas.

Chemical composition of atmospheric particulate matter in the winter season as indicator of environment quality within urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Talovskaya ◽  
Valeria D. Kirina ◽  
Victoria V. Litay ◽  
Tatyana S. Shakhova ◽  
Daria A. Volodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Emissions

Abstract This paper shows the results of environment assessment within some cities of Western Siberia (Omsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo) impacted with different types of industries and fuel energy. This assessment is made on the basis of chemical composition study of particulate matter deposited in the snow cover. It is determined the marker elements (heavy metals, radioactive, rare and rare-earth elements) in the particulate phase of snow, which is reflected the specific emissions from different types of industries (oil-refinery, petrochemical plants, mechanical and instrument engineering factories, brickworks, thermal power plants) in the urban areas.

scholarly journals Metodología para la rehabilitación de grandes centros comerciales

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Carretero Monteagudo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Low Density ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
The City

El estudio de las características urbanas y arquitectónicas, y las posibles medidas de rehabilitación para los centros comerciales de gran tamaño, fueron el punto de partida para evaluar la sostenibilidad medioambiental y urbana de los mismos. En la presente tesis, se desarrolló una metodología de evaluación de cara al análisis de las medidas de rehabilitación que pudieran aplicarse sobre un centro comercial. Se consideraron cuatro familias de medidas: Rehabilitación ecoeficiente, inserción de elementos verdes, inserción de usos en el centro, y una familia de medidas de rehabilitación aplicadas sobre el entorno urbano. Ocho casos de centros comerciales fueron analizados: tres en el contexto urbano de Sao Paulo, tres en el contexto urbano de Madrid, y tres en el contexto de la Norteamérica suburbana. El resultado del estudio permitió establecer un criterio para orientar las operaciones de rehabilitación de centros comerciales hacia ciertos ámbitos de la sostenibilidad. Las conclusiones finales del estudio fueron que es importante considerar varias medidas de rehabilitación de forma simultánea, a la vez que considerar en la escala urbana global para lograr una mejora relevante de cara a la sostenibilidad. Esto último especialmente en centros comerciales ubicados en entornos periféricos de baja densidad. Abstract. The studio of both the urban and architectural features, as well as the retrofitting means of application on a shopping mall, was the parting point to evaluate the sustainability of large surface shopping malls. A methodology to evaluate the efficacy of the retrofitting means of application on malls was developed, considering four families of retrofitting means: Eco efficient refurbishment, insertion of green elements, insertion of uses, and a family of retrofitting means applied in the urban area surrounding the mall. Eight cases were analyzed: Three located in the urban background of the city of Sao Paulo, Three located in Madrid, and two located in the background of the Suburban U.S.A. The result of this study was the establishment of criteria to focus the operations of any retrofitting program applied on a shopping mall towards some facts related to sustainability. Being the final conclusions, the affirmation that is important to consider various means of retrofitting simultaneously on the shopping mall, as well as to consider the wide urban scale to be retrofitted, in order to achieve a relevant improvement towards sustainability. Specially in cases of shopping malls located in low density suburban areas.

scholarly journals Magnetic Properties and Size of Microscopic Pollutant Particles in the Urban Area of Coimbra

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (S3) ◽  
pp. 144-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Gomes ◽  
A.M. Dinis ◽  
A.F. Rocha ◽  
E.M.C. Gomes ◽  
L.F. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The City

Pollutant particles of small size are produced and resuspended every day as a result of traffic. These particles, identified as particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), can affect human health when inhaled, mostly the respiratory and cardiopulmonary systems. Some of these particles are ferromagnetic (s.l.) and their magnetic properties indicate their sources, composition and size. Coimbra is an inland city situated in the center of Portugal at a distance of 40 km from the coast. Coimbra has a total area of 320 km2 and a population of about 168.000. Motor vehicle traffic is the main source of air pollutant in the city. The main goal of this research is to assess pollution levels in the urban area of Coimbra using the magnetic properties of microscopic pollutant particles on Nerium oleander leaves.

scholarly journals The Study of PM10 Concentration and Trace Metal Content in Different Areas of Karachi, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Durdana Rais Hashmi ◽  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Farooq Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Air Sampler

Atmospheric particulate matter may exert serious health hazards because of its chemicalcharacteristics. Aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with anaerodynamic diameter <10 mm (PM10), and air transmitted particulate trace metals in different areas ofKarachi’s ambient air, for the period of 01 year viz. June 2011 to June 2012. Furthermore, the present workcompares the levels of particulate matter and trace metals with the proposed limiting values from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (65 mg/m3 for PM10). The sampling for PM10 was performed by usinga high volume air sampler. The PM10 levels were determined by gravimetry and the metals by graphitefurnace. Arithmetic means of 361.0 mg/m3 was determined for PM10 in commercial areas, 275.0 mg/m3 inresidential areas, 438.0 mg/m3 in industrial areas and 68.9 mg/m3 in background areas of Karachi. Tracemetal content in PM10, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were also analysed separately during the sameperiod using atomic absorption spectrometry. The average concentration of Pb were found in commercialzone 1.36 mg/m3, in residential zone 1.0 mg/m3, in industrial zone 1.46 mg/m3 and in urban backgroundzone 0.6 mg/m3, whereas; Cd concentration in commercial zone 0.10 µg/m3, in residential zone 0.02 µg/m3,in industrial zone 0.25 µg/m3 and in urban background zone 0.01 µg/m3, respectively.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Extent of Particulate Matter Emissions of a Ropeway Public Mobility System in the City Center of Perugia (Central Italy)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Beatrice Moroni ◽  
Stefano Crocchianti ◽  
Federica Bruschi ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
Alessandro Di Menno di Bucchianico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
City Center ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Minimetrò (MM) is a ropeway public mobility system that has been in operation in the city of Perugia for about ten years to integrate with urban mobility and lighten vehicular traffic in the historic city center. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of MM as a source of pollutants in the urban context, and the exposure of people in the cabins and the platforms along the MM line. These topics have been investigated by means of intensive measurement and sampling campaigns performed in February and June 2015 on three specific sites of the MM line representative of different sources and levels of urban pollution. Stationary and dynamic measurements of particle size distribution, nanoparticle and black carbon aerosol number and mass concentrations measurements were performed by means of different bench and portable instruments. Aerosol sampling was carried out using low volume and high-volume aerosol samplers, and the samples nalysed by off-line methods. Results show that MM is a considerable source of atmospheric particulate matter having characteristics very similar to those of the common urban road dust in Perugia. In the lack of clear indications on road dust effect, the contribution of MM to the aerosol in Perugia cannot be neglected.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Changchun and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Wang ◽  
Xin Xie ◽  
Chunsheng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

With Changchun’s economic development, atmospheric particulate pollution has become a significant challenge in Changchun. The spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter emissions are an inherent characteristic for particulate matter emissions. By using hourly PM (particulate matter) mass concentration measured at 10 atmospheric automatic monitoring stations and meteorological parameters, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and its relationship with meteorological parameters of Changchun have been analyzed. Pollution pathways and source distribution were investigated using HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model and cluster analysis. Results indicated that the quarterly average PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations in Changchun were higher in the first quarter and the fourth quarter. PM concentrations observed in all seasons generally exhibited two peaks, at 07:00–10:00 and 21:00–23:00, with the exception of PM10 in spring. PM pollution was concentrated mainly in the central, northern, and western areas of Changchun in most seasons, mainly due to anthropogenic activities and soil dust transported outside the region. PM concentrations were negatively correlated with relative humidity and temperature. PM2.5 concentrations were negatively correlated with wind speed, while PM10 concentrations were positively correlated with wind speed. The results of backward trajectory clustered showed that the northwest airflow had the greatest impact on PM of Changchun, except summer.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Particulate Matter Sources Based on the Chemical Composition of PM10 in Functional Urban Areas

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Jandacka ◽  
Daniela Durcanska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The City

Urban air quality is continuing to deteriorate. If we want to do something about this problem, we need to know the cause of the pollution. The big problem, not only in Europe, is the high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in the urban environment. The origin of these particles can be different, including combustion, transport, industry, natural resources, etc. Particulate matter includes a large amount of the finest PM fractions, which can remain in the air for a long time, easily enter respiratory tracks, and damage human health. Particulate matter is also produced by the abrasion of different parts of roads and vehicle fleets and from resuspension road dust, which concerns matter with larger aerodynamic diameters. For this reason, we carried out a series of measurements at various measuring stations in Žilina, Slovakia, during different measuring seasons. The main objective was to find out the diversity of particulate matter sources in Žilina. The search for the particulate matter origin was carried out by particulate matter measurements, determination of the particulate matter fraction concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1), an investigation on the effect of secondary factors on the particulate matter concentrations, chemical analyses, and multivariate statistical analyses. Varied behavior of the particulate matter with respect to the measurement station and the measurement season was found. Differences in the concentrations of investigated chemical elements contained in the PM were found. Significant changes in the concentrations of particulate matter are caused not only by primary sources (e.g., road traffic in the city of Žilina), but mainly by the negative events (combination of air pollution sources and meteorological conditions). Maximum concentrations of particulate matter PM10 were measured during the winter season at the measuring station on Komenského Street: PM10 126.2 µg/m3, PM2.5 97.7 µg/m3, and PM1 90.4 µg/m3 were obtained using the gravimetric method. The coarse fraction PM2.5-10 was mainly represented by the chemical elements Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Cr, Fe, and Ba, and the fine fraction PM2.5 was represented by the chemical elements K, S, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn. Road transport as a dominant source of PM10 was identified from all measurements in the city of Žilina by using the multivariate statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA).

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