scholarly journals A New model for Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Ojulari Lekan Sheriff ◽  
Oladeru Olayemi ◽  
Ayinde Olanrewaju Taofeeq ◽  
Kadir Eniola Riskat ◽  
Dangana Elizabeth Ojochebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Strict Protocol ◽  
Group 1

Background: Alloxan is widely used to induce experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) in animals with different grades of disease severity by varying the dose of Alloxan used. This method has however be questioned by recent research work as an appropriate technique for the induction of diabetes. Objective: To provide a simple, yet concise and reproducible experimental procedure and model for Alloxan-induced DM in rats. Methods: The study was divided into 2 separate experiments. Experiment 1: Alloxan was administered, into four subgroups each (group 1- 100 mg of Alloxan /kg of rat body weight, group 2- 120 mg/kg, group 3- 150 mg/kg, and group 4- 170 mg/kg); in each subgroup, the dose of Alloxan was administered at different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml) in groups of 10 rats each. The pre-induction fasting period was also varied between groups. Experiment 2:Following a pre-induction fasting period of 36 hours, animals received 150 mg Alloxan /kg body weight and at a concentration of 20 mg Alloxan/ ml. Result:Alloxan administered intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg of rat body weight, at 20 mg/ml and following a pre-induction fast period of 36 hours yielded the most favorably conditions with the least recorded mortality. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that alloxan is a diabetogenic drug with a strict protocol of use in inducing a predictable DM in rats and as such, this model is a standard and reproducible technique for the induction of DM in experimental rats. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2019, December; 14(2): 56-62

scholarly journals Centella Asiatica Extracts Regulates Aluminium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Impact on Inflammation, Apoptosis and Biogenic Amine Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shaik Amjad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group 1

investigate the therapeutic potential of CA against chronic Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) exposure induced rats. Wistar albino rats were segregated into four groups: group 1-control rats, group 2-rats received AlCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight, every day orally) for 60 days, rats in group 3-received CA (500 mg/kg body weight, orally) and group 4 rats were initiated with both AlCl3 and CA treatment.

scholarly journals Study of TNF-α, IL-1βand LPS Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of a Rat Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu-Ling Jiang ◽  
Yu-Qiong Cui ◽  
Rui Gao ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zhao-Chen Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we sought to investigate the dynamic changes in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1βand LPS in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis (PD). Additionally, we evaluated alveolar bone loss and the histopathological response associated with experimental diabetes mellitus and experimental periodontitis.METHODS: DM and PD were induced together in 15 rats (group 1) by streptozotocin injection and ligature induction. Periodontitis alone was produced by ligature induction in 15 rats (group 2), diabetes alone was produced by streptozotocin injection in 15 rats (group 3), and fifteen systemically and periodontally healthy rats were used as controls (group 4). The gingival TNF-α, IL-1βand LPS levels were measured by using ELISA method. Periodontal destruction was assessed by measuring the alveolar bone loss. Periodontal inflammation was quantified by histopathological grading in H&E stained samples.RESULTS: Higher levels of TNF-α, IL1-β and LPS, increased alveolar bone loss and more serve histopathology were found in group 1 compared with group 2, group 3 and group 4 (p< 0.05). The quantities of TNF-α, IL1-βand LPS, the amount of alveolar bone loss and the severity of the histopathological finding were greater in group 2 than group 3 and group 4 (p< 0.05). Group 3 demonstrated higher levels of TNF-α, IL1-βand LPS, increased alveolar bone loss and more serve histopathology than group 4 (p< 0.05). Statistically significant differences were noted between all of the groups.CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that DM may lead to enhanced TNF-α, IL1-βand LPS production in the periodontal tissues. The resorption values of alveolar bone and the histological inflammation were more severe in rats with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus than in those with periodontitis alone, diabetes mellitus alone and control rats. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperglycemia contributes to the heightened inflammatory response associated with periodontitis.

scholarly journals Hematology of 2, 4 (Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine) Induced Anaemic Rat Administered with Ficus capensis Fruits and Leave Extract

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
J. I. Okoye ◽  
A. I. Asouzu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anemia is regarded as public health challenge and is predominant in developing countries due to nutritional deficiencies. Aim/Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate the biological properties of Ficus capensis fruits and vegetables on some haematological parameters in 2, 4 (dinitrophenyl hydrazine) induced anemic rat. Materials and Methods: Ficus capensis leaves and fruits were separately plucked, sorted cleaned. Twenty male adult rats were purchased from the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each on the basis of body weight. The rats in all the groups received 2, 4-DNPH (20 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 7 days to induce anaemia. Group I were fed rat chow alone, group 2 were fed rat chow with ferrous sulphate, group 3 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis leaves extract and group 4 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis seed extract. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and fruits were tested for haematinic effects in albino rats. Blood parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured. Results: The result showed that the mean PCV baseline of the rats were (38.72-39.24%), mean PCV of anemic rats (33.01- 34.60%) and the mean PCV of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (34.10%), group 2 (51.81%), group 3 (40.20%) and group 4 (38.20%).The result showed that the mean HB baseline of the rats were (9.67-10.47 g/dl), mean HB of anemic rats (6.50- 7.10 g/dl) and the mean HB of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (6.51 g/dl), group 2 (12.32 g/dl), group 3 (9.73 g/dl) and group 4 (9.69 g/dl). The results of the effect of the extracts on the haematological parameters indicated that oral administration of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis leaves and fruits after 22 days exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in haematinic activity by increasing the blood parameters Hb, PCV, WBC and RBC.

scholarly journals Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®) and liver regeneration: experimental study in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA DE LOURDES PESSOLE BIONDO-SIMÕES ◽  
VICTOR CEZAR DE AZEVEDO PESSINI ◽  
CAROLINA AYUMI ICHI ◽  
ROGÉRIO RIBEIRO ROBES ◽  
SÉRGIO IOSHII
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy in rats. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were separated into four groups of ten rats each. Groups 1 and 2 (controls): undergoing 30% partial hepatectomy and, after one day (group 1) and seven days (group 2), to euthanasia; daily administration of 0.9% saline solution (1mL per 200g of body weight). Groups 3 and 4 (experimental): undergoing 30% partial hepatectomy and, after one day (group 3) and seven days (group 4), to euthanasia; daily administration of ASA (40mg/mL, 1mL per 200g of body weight). The absolute number of cells stained with PCNA was counted in photomicrographs, in five fields, and it was calculated the mean of positive cells per animal and per group. Results: the final mean of PCNA+ cells per group was: in group 1, 17.57 ± 6.77; in group 2, 19.31 ± 5.30; in group 3, 27.46 ± 11.55; and, in group 4, 12.40 ± 5.23. There was no significant difference at the two evaluation times in the control group (p=0.491), but there was in the experimental group (p=0.020), with a lower number of PCNA+ cells on the seventh day. The comparison between the two groups, on the first day, showed more PCNA+ cells in the livers of the animals that received ASA (p=0.047), and on the seventh day the number was lower in the experimental group (p=0.007). Conclusion: ASA induced greater hepatocyte proliferation.

scholarly journals How Do Serum Zonulin Levels Change in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy Cholestasis, and the Coexistence of Both Diseases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12555
Author(s):  
Huri Güvey ◽  
Samettin Çelik ◽  
Canan Soyer Çalışkan ◽  
Zehra Yılmaz ◽  
Merve Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Group 1

We investigated the question of how serum zonulin levels change in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and, in the case of the coexistence of ICP and GDM, evaluated the eventual increase in zonulin plasmatic levels. Participants were enrolled for the study between 25 February 2021 and 20 August 2021. The prospective case-control study included: group 1 of 95 pregnant women diagnosed with ICP; group 2 of 110 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM; group 3 of 16 women diagnosed with both GDM and ICP; group 4 of 136 healthy pregnant women as the control group. The groups were compared in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, gestational week of delivery, plasma zonulin levels, delivery type, birth weight, first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores, newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and meconium staining of amniotic fluid parameters. The results suggested that the plasma zonulin levels of ICP (group 1), GDM (group 2), and GDM with ICP (group 3) patients were higher than those of the healthy pregnant women of group 4 (p < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the highest median plasma zonulin levels were found in group 3 (110.33 ng/mL). Zonulin levels were also associated with the severity of ICP and adverse pregnancy outcomes. High serum zonulin levels were related to GDM, ICP, and adverse perinatal outcomes. The coexistence of GDM and ICP led to higher serum zonulin concentrations.

scholarly journals Biochemical Changes in the Malnourished Rats Serum and Liver Exposed to Dietary Monosodium Glutamate

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Babawande A. Origbemisoye ◽  
Badiu A. Akinbode ◽  
Ganiyat A. Oparemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer. Its toxicity in a malnourished state appears not to have been fully investigated. This study was carried out to determine the effects of MSG on malnourished rats. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats/group. Group 1 rats were fed with malnourished feed; Group 2 rats received malnourished feed with dosed 1.6 mg/g MSG per body weight; Group 3 rats were fed with normal feed and dosed 1.6 mg/g MSG per body weight and Group 4 rats served as the control group (normal healthy rats) and were fed with normal feed for 28 days. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed with the liver harvested and blood samples collected. Results from the study showed that malnourished rats had significantly lower levels of oxidative stress biomarkers including, anti-oxidants compared with the control. The levels of malondialldehyde concentration and xanthine oxidase activity were high in malnourished fed rats. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels of malnourished and normal rats administered MSG were significantly low compared to the normal healthy suggesting that labialization occurs in liver leading to leakage of these enzymes from the liver to the serum. Malnourished rats showed significant decrease in body weight losing 48 grams after 28 days compared to malnourished and normal rats fed with MSG which recorded significant increase in body weight after 28 days adding 26 g and 42 g respectively.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus, Edentulism, and Trajectory of Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
Chenxin Tan ◽  
Brenda Plassman ◽  
Frank Sloan ◽  
Mark Schwartz ◽  
Samrachana Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Rapid Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Abstract We examined the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) and edentulism on the trajectory of cognitive decline, using the Health and Retirement Study. We analyzed self-reported DM and edentulism collected in 2006 and cognition data from 2006 and its follow up waves through 2018. Among 15,709 eligible participants age 50+ in 2006, 65.96% had neither DM nor edentulism (Group 1), 15.12% had DM alone (Group 2), 13.79% had edentulism alone (Group 3), and 5.12% had both conditions (Group 4). Results from linear mixed-effects models show that in comparison to Group 1, individuals in Group 4 had the lowest level of cognitive function, followed by those in Group 3 and Group 2. Group 4 had a modestly faster rate of cognitive decline (p=0.052). This study illustrates that co-occurrence of DM and edentulism has a higher risk of more rapid cognitive decline with advancing age than the presence of each condition alone.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Defensive activity of Hesperidin against Ciprofloxacin induced hepatic injury in rabbits.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraa M. Murad ◽  
Tamadhur Hani Hussein ◽  
Audai Sulaiman Khudhair ◽  
Manal Muhi Murad ◽  
Jawad Kadhim Faris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Defensive Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

This study was conducted to find out hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin (HES) 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) against ciprofloxacin (CPX) 100 mg/kg induced hepatotoxicity in local breed rabbits .CPX is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many bacterial infections. Twenty four male rabbits were divided into four groups ,group1: control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group 2: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) for (14) consecutive days , group 3: HES (100 mg//kg) orally for (14) consecutive days group 4: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) plus HES (100 mg//kg orally ) for (14) consecutive days. All the rabbits were killed on the (15) day of the experiment, and then the blood, and livers samples were taken. CPX induced hepatotoxicity was proved by a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the body weight ,and a significant (p less than 0.01) increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) , Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective hepatic toxicity effect and oxidative damage caused by CPX significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in body weight and significantly (p less than 0.01) decreasing AST , ALT, MAD and improving tissue morphology in HES (100 mg//kg) . These results assure that HES (100 mg//kg) antioxidant effects can protect CPX-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

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