scholarly journals Prevalence of Malaria Parasites Among Blood Donors in Selected Hospitals of Dhaka City

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hoque ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
HA Begum ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
SM Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thick Film ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Key Words Malaria

Blood serves as a vehicle for transmission of blood-borne pathogens and transfusion-associated malaria is a potentially serious complication. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Malaria parasites in blood donors. Total of 400 blood donors were selected from Transfusion Medicine Department of two teaching institutes, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and National Institute of Diseases of Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka between the period of 1st January and 30th April 2003. The blood samples were examined under microscope by thick film in the laboratory of Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Dhaka. The socio-demographic characteristics of the study subjects show that 304 (76%) blood donors were males and 96 (24%) of them were females. The malaria parasites were found in 3 (0.76%) donors out of 400 donors. From 400 donors, 52 (13%) donors had the history of residence/ travel in malaria zone and 348 (87%) had no such history. The 8 (15%) out of 52 who had the history of residence/ travel in malaria zone had previous history of malaria and had taken anti-malarial drug. It can be concluded from the present study that there is some risk of transmission of malaria parasites in blood transfusion among the voluntary and professional blood donors in Bangladesh. Key words: Malaria parasites; Blood donors; Thick film. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6590J Dhaka Med Coll. 2008; 17(2) : 94-97

scholarly journals Requirement of Intravenous Fluid and Insulin in the Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis to Overcome the Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1731-1733
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Qasim ◽  
M. Mujtaba Hashir ◽  
Shaheera Batool ◽  
Nisar Khan Sajid ◽  
Waheed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Intravenous Fluid ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical University

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the requirement of intravenous fluid and insulin in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis to overcome the crisis. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration:Study was conducted at Medicine department of King Abdullah Teaching Hospital Mansehra and Nishtar Medical University Hospital Multan for six months duration from15thDecember, 2020 to 15thJune, 2020. Methods: Total seventy patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-65 years. Patients details demographics age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent. Patients had diabetic ketoacidosis were presented in this study. Frequency of intravenous fluid and insulin were assessed to overcome the crisis of diabetic ketoacidosis by using portland protocol. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients was 30.51±7.41 years with mean BMI 25.18±3.48 kg/m2. 38(54.3%) cases were females and 32 (45.7%) patients were males. 42 (60%) cases had previous history of diabetes and the rest28 (40%) were newly diagnosed.Prevalence of DKA was more common in low socio-economic status found in 39 (55.7%) cases. Vomiting was the most common symptom found in 35 (50%) cases, followed by infection of insulin doses 18 (25.7%) cases, abdominal pain found in 15 (21.43%) patients. 32 (45.7%) patients who had increased diuresis received 11L of fluid in the treatment of DKA, 91-100 units of insulin were given to 18 (25.71%) cases, and for management of acidosis 24 (34.3%) patients took 2-days. There was no any mortality found in this study. Conclusion:We concluded in this study that early diagnosed of diabetic ketoacidosis is necessary for treatment. Removal of adequate fluid was necessary to avoid mortality. Keywords:Intravenous fluid, Insulin, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Diabetes

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Ferritin Levels in Blood Donors and its Association with Frequency of Blood Donation and Blood Indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita S Kumar ◽  
A Geetha ◽  
Jim Joe ◽  
Arun Mathew Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Blood donation is one of the most significant contributions that a person can make towards the society. A donor generally donates maximum 450 mL of blood at the time of donation. If 450 mL of blood is taken in a donation, men lose 242±17 mg and women lose 217±11 mg of iron. Hence, adequate iron stores are very important in maintenance of the donor’s health. Aim: To assess the influence of frequency of blood donation on iron levels of blood donors by estimating Haemoglobin (Hb) and other blood indices which reflect iron status of blood and serum ferritin which reflects body iron stores. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study, conducted on 150 blood donors, 18-40 years of age presenting to the Blood Bank in Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India, between December 2016 to December 2017. Total of 150 donors were divided into four groups according to the number of donations per year. Group I were the first time donors with no previous history of blood donation, Group II- included those with history of donation once in the previous year, Group III- those donors with history of donation twice in the previous year and Group IV- those having history of donation thrice in the previous year. Six ml of whole blood collected from each donor, two ml was used for estimating Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hb (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) in haematology analyser. Serum separated from remaining four mL of blood underwent ferritin analysis by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method. Iron stores were considered normal at serum ferritin value from 23.9-336ng/mL in males and 11-307ng/mL in females. Statistical analysis was performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and Pearson correlation test were used to find association between various parameters and collected data. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant correlation between serum ferritin level and frequency of blood donation. MCH, MCHC showed significant association (p-value 0.039 and 0.007, respectively) with frequency of blood donation. Low positive correlation was seen between Hb and PCV with serum ferritin levels (r=0.381, p-value <0.001 and r=0.354, p-value <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There is no significant association between frequency of blood donation and serum ferritin levels.

Human Serum Bilirubin

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E O'Hagan ◽  
Teresa Hamilton ◽  
E G Le Breton ◽  
A E Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Free Serum ◽  
High Bilirubin ◽  
Definite Correlation ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract The technic of Powell (3) for the estimation of serum bilirubin has been modified by reading the optical density of the solutions shortly after mixing the reagents and using a standard based on a more appropriate solution of crystalline bilirubin in pigment-free serum. Seven specimens of bilirubin were examined spectrophotometric-ally; the disproportionality of the millimolar extinction coefficients at 453 mµ for the free-bilirubin and at 532 mµ for, the azobilirubin complex indicated the presence of an unreactive yellow pigment. The destructive effect of sunlight on solutions of biirubin, noted in the literature, was confirmed, hence all estimations were done without delay or exposure to light for any length of time. The results obtained on apparently healthy blood donors, to detect possible carriers of homologous serum hepatitis, revealed no definite correlation between previous history of jaundice and increased serum bilirubin values, but as a precautionary measure individuals with values above 1.5 mg. per 100 ml. were not accepted as donors. When 200 random values were plotted, the distribution curves gave a mean value higher for males than females. Furthermore, 108 donors (among the 25,000 screened) had biirubin values greater than 1.5 mg. per 100 ml. The eleven females of the group did not maintain high values, while 30 males recorded high values on more than one occasion, some consistently. No significant correlation was found between high bilirubin values and a previous history of jaundice, nor were any cases of posttrans-fusion hepatitis traced to these donors. Somewhat arbitrarily, 1.5 mg. per 100 ml. was chosen as the upper limit of normal.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Andean communities from the Northeast of Lima, Peru

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrma A. Espinoza ◽  
Pedro E. Huapaya ◽  
William H. Roldán ◽  
Susana Jiménez ◽  
Enma P. Abanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Ocular Signs

The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in three Andean communities from the Northeast of Lima, Peru. A total of 303 subjects including children and adults were studied and blood samples were collected to detect anti-Toxocara antibodies by ELISA-IgG test and by hematological examination; stool samples were collected also for parasitological examination. The overall seroprevalence of toxocariasis observed in the total population was 20.46%, with a significant high proportion in children from one to 10 years old (p = 0.034). Among the subjects with positive serology, 32.26% of them had respiratory disturbances, 22.58% hepatomegaly, 17.74% ocular signs or symptoms, 14.51% abdominal pain, 9.68% neurological involvement, and 4.84% cutaneous signs, but none of these clinical features were associated to a positive serology by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, 79.03% of seropositive subjects also harbored at least one intestinal parasite, which was associated to a positive serology (p < 0.05). The presence of pets within the houses, a previous history of pica or geophagia and the use of public places were also present in this population, but only the latter was associated to the serology (p < 0.05). In conclusion, clinical, serological, and epidemiological evidences for larval Toxocara infection were found in the studied population.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of a rapid whole blood-based RT-LAMP method for malaria diagnosis among apparently healthy blood donors and febrile neonates in Cameroon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246205
Author(s):  
Sylvie Georgette Zebaze Temgoua Kemleu ◽  
Laure Ngando ◽  
Elvige Nguekeng ◽  
Balotin Fogang ◽  
Marie Mafo Kapen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amplification Method ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Light microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests are the two commonly used methods for malaria diagnosis that rely on the direct use of unprocessed blood samples. However, both methods do not have the level of sensitivity required for malaria diagnosis in cases of low density parasitaemia. We report here the diagnostic performance of a whole blood-based reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for Plasmodium falciparum malaria diagnosis in apparently healthy blood donors and febrile neonates in Cameroon. The presence of malaria parasites in whole blood samples was determined by light microscopy, antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and by RT-LAMP using a “lyse and amplify” experimental protocol. Of the 256 blood donors tested, 36 (14.1%) were positive for malaria parasites by light microscopy, 38 (14.8%) were positive by RDT whereas 78 (30.5%) were positive by RT-LAMP. Only light microscopy and RT-LAMP detected infection among the febrile neonates (279 neonates, median age: 2 days, range: 1–9 days), with positivity rates of 8.6% and 12.2%, respectively. The overall concordance between the three methods were 75.9% for RT-LAMP and light microscopy, 75.1% for RT-LAMP and RDT, and 83.9% for light microscopy and RDT. Blood parasite densities were significantly lower in the neonates (mean: 97.6, range: 61–192 parasites/μL) compared to the blood donors (mean: 447.8, range: 63–11 000 parasites/μL). Together, the study demonstrates the usefulness of whole blood RT-LAMP for use in rapid pre-screening of blood donors and suspected neonates to avert severe consequences of P. falciparum infections.

scholarly journals Assessment of prevalence of sexually transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors and its comparison with replacement donors at Hassan Institute of Medical Science, Hassan, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Bindu C. B. ◽  
Lokesh H. C. ◽  
Purushotham R.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acid Test

Background: Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are important STDs which can be transmissible to the recipients of blood transfusion. The aim of the present study is to study the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infection in the blood among voluntary and replacement donors in HIMS Hassan during 2010 to 2012.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at blood bank of HIMS, Hassan for the years 2010 to 2012. The donors with Hemoglobin>12gm% for both sexes, weight >50 kg, no history of chronic illness, hepatitis, high risk behaviours were included in the study. All the blood samples collected were screened for HIV, HBV and HCV using ELISA kits. All the blood samples were sent to NACO (national AIDS control organization) and subjected to NAT (nucleic acid test) for detection of antigens. Results compared for both voluntary and replacement donors.Results: Total of 10938 blood donors screened. Majority of the donors were males 95.8% (10484) and belonged to voluntary group 72.8% (7971). The total prevalence of STDS were 0.61% (67). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV was 0.47% (51), 0.04% (4) and 0.11% (12) respectively. Prevalence of STDs was higher among voluntary donors 0.57% (62) compared to replacement donors 0.05 % (5). Statistically significant difference was observed in HBV prevalence in voluntary and replacement donors.Conclusions: Most common STDs in blood donors was HBV followed by HIV and HCV. STDs were mainly seen in voluntary donors compared to replacement donors. Majority of the donors were males.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of IgG Anti-SARS-CoV-2 among Voluntary Blood Donors in Dubai: Demographic and Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
May Raouf ◽  
Mariem Rabeh ◽  
Suminder Kaur ◽  
Ranjita Sharma ◽  
Nimmy Thottumkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Site Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

<b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> During the pandemic of CO­VID-19, additional blood donor eligibility criteria have been added to ensure safety of donors and donations. The aim of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in eligible donors and to study the demography and lifestyle of asymptomatic cases. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> One thousand four hundred eighteen eligible donors were enrolled in this study in the Dubai Blood Donation Center from August to December 2020. Blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Donors’ demographic characteristics and lifestyle were studied further. The χ<sup>2</sup> test was used to analyze the data association. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 88.4% of the studied group were males, 85% were from age 17 to 45 years, and 53% were regular donors. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was 13.5% and significantly related to gender, frequency of donation, collection site, type of donation, and more frequent when donors shared transport and accommodation. Blood group and age had no significant association. 5.5% were found to have cough/fever or a history of contact with positive COVID-19 patients. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was 13.5% among eligible blood donors, and hence the current eligibility criteria allow asymptomatic COVID-19 patients to donate blood. The seroprevalence was seen more in first time donors, suggesting that regular blood donors are safer. Additional risk factors related to lifestyle can be identified to ensure safety of transfusion during COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Do beverage workers in Enugu state Nigeria comply with health safety measures? A cross sectional study of two breweries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2880
Author(s):  
Uche Enuma Ezeoke ◽  
John Basco Emmanual Mamah ◽  
Anne Chigedu Ndu ◽  
Chinyere Ojiugo Mbachu ◽  
Chinyere Cecilia Okeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Workplace Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Safety Devices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enugu State

Background: Some workplace accidents happen because workers fail to do their work in the safest possible way. Human beings have an innate desire to be safe, and their commitment to maintaining safe work environment is imperative for occupational health. However, employees’ contributions to workplace accident and injury is underexplored.Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative study was undertaken in two beverage industries in Enugu state. In order to observe a proportion of 50% in staff compliance to safety measures with precision of 5% and confidence level of 95%, 217 full-time employees were selected from each industry. Stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents across 5 units/departments. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Use of any form of safety device was reportedly high among respondents, 413 (97.4%). However, only 278 (67.3%) reported using them on a daily basis. Aprons 103 (24.9%), helmets 163 (39.5%), and hand gloves 197 (47.4%) were the least commonly used safety devices. The only reason reported for inconsistent use of safety devices was discomfort. Consistent use of safety devices correlates significantly with demographic characteristics such as age, sex, level of education, length of years of work and unit/department (p<0.001), as well as previous history of workplace injury (p=0.01).Conclusions: Consistent compliance with safety measures among factory workers is suboptimal and correlates significantly with demographic characteristics and previous history of workplace injury.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in uncircumcised infants presenting in the pediatric floor of Faisalabad Medical University.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2330-2334
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shamaoon ◽  
Maria Irshad ◽  
Sadia Shabbir ◽  
Misbah Noor ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical University

Circumcision is the commonest surgical procedure carried out on children. After evaluation of currently available studies and clinical trials the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks. Objectives: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) in uncircumcised infants presenting in the pediatric floor of Faisalabad Medical University. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatric Ward, Emergency and OPD, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: July 2017 Dec 2017. Material & Methods: After Ethical Review, all male uncircumcised subjects were included with consent from the patients. Data regarding the disease, presenting complaints was collected after complete examination of the child. Age, weight, temperature, history of previous UTI, dysuria, and colour and urine was noted. Urine sample was collected in a sterile container with the help of the parents and sent to the lab for complete examination and culture. Relevant baseline investigation was also sent to the laboratory for examination. Results of the urine complete examination and urine culture were also noted. Results: In this trial, mean age was calculated as 6.81+2.44 months, mean temperature and weight of the infants was recorded as 99.26+1.06F and 7.06+1.85kgs respectively. Frequency of history of dysuria was recorded in 30% (n=30), frequency of previous history of UTI was recorded in 13% (n=13), frequency of UTI was recorded in 25% (n=25). Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) is higher in uncircumcised infants; however, timely circumcision may reduce the risk of UTI. The current data is primary in our population which needs authentication through some other trials.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological profile of blood donors with positive serology for viral hepatitis in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana da Silveira ◽  
Leonardo de Lucca Schiavon ◽  
Kerley Pereira da Silva ◽  
Thiago Barbieri Lopes ◽  
Marcos da Rocha Zaccaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

INTRODUCTION: Positive serological tests for hepatitis viruses B and C at blood banks are an important reason for blood deferral. Additionally, high residual risk for transfusing hepatitis-contaminated blood has been estimated in southern Brazil. This study aimed to identify risk factors for positive serological tests for viral hepatitis (VH) in blood donors (BD). METHODS: A case-control study included consecutive BD with positive serology for VH, between 2008 and 2009. Cases and controls (BD with negative serology for VH) were paired 1:1 by sex and donation date. Assessment of clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to viral hepatitis was conducted. RESULTS: Among 1,282 blood donors (641 cases and 641 controls), those with positive serology for viral hepatitis had higher mean age (p<0.001); higher proportion of replacement donation (p<0.001); first donation (p<0.001); and interviewer deferment (p=0.037), compared to controls. Furthermore, donors with positive tests were less regular donors (p<0.001), had less previous history of rejection (p=0.003) and showed lower hematocrit median before donation (p=0.019). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (OR=1.056, 95%CI 1.042-1.069, p<0.001), replacement donation (OR=1.545, 95%CI 1.171-2.038, p=0.002) and first donation (OR=9.931, 95%CI 7.486-13.173, p<0.001) were independently associated with positivity of serological tests for viral hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Specific characteristics of blood donors were associated with positive serology for viral hepatitis. These peculiarities should be taken into account when assessing candidates for blood donation.

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