Serum Levels of Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin in Woman with Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe type of vomiting in pregnancy which has significant effect on the health of mother and fetus. During this period various metabolic and endocrine changes occur in maternal body. Objectives: The present study has been designed to observe the serum total protein, albumin and globulin in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Method: For this purpose 6o women with age ranging from 20 to 40 years were selected. The women with hyperemesis gravidarum were taken as case and Non pregnant nulliparous women & normal pregnant women during the first trimester of normal pregnancy were taken as control group. Each group consisted of 20 women. The total protein and albumin levels were measured in all study populations against the blank at wavelength of 530 nm and 620 nm in a colorimeter. Results: The serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in hyperemesis gravidarum and normal pregnant women during first trimester compared to control non pregnant nulliparous women. Conclusion: Therefore the result of the present study reveals that higher levels of total protein, albumin and globulin in hyperemesis gravidarum in comparison to non pregnant nulliparous & normal pregnant women due to increase thyroid hormones and also increases thyroxine - binding globulins. Key words: Serum Total Protein; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulin; Hyperemesis Gravidarum DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6254 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 58-60.

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Serum Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, and Prealbumin in Acne Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-122981/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hao Jiang ◽

Changyi Li ◽

bin wei ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Qinggao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Total Protein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Serum Globulin ◽

Serum Total Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Background/Objectives: This study was designed to investigate serum protein levels in acne patients.Method: Acne patients (n=362) and healthy volunteers (n=272) were matched in terms of both age and sex. Serum levels were measured.Results: Among the 362 acne patients and 272 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, serum albumin levels in female acne patients were lower than in the healthy controls (P < 0.05), serum albumin levels in male acne patients were lower than in the healthy controls (P < 0.01). Additionally, serum globulin and total protein levels were significantly lower in acne patients than in the healthy control group (P < 0.01). Serum levels of prealbumin were significantly lower in female acne patients than in the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, the severity of female and male acne patients was negatively correlated with serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and prealbumin levels. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that acne patients are potentially accompanied with protein malnutrition.

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Distribution of thyroid peroxidase positivity and its effects on thyroid function in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in Dhaka city

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Ohida Sultanaa ◽

Nasim Jahan ◽

Nayma Sultana ◽

Farzana Mahmudad ◽

Tazdik G Chowdhurye

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Study Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Group B

Objective: To measure the distribution of TPO-Ab positivity and to observe the effect of thyroid peroxidase positivity on thyroid function during first trimester in normal pregnancy. Method: A cross sectional among 120 subjects were taken in this study and divided into control and study groups. Control group (Group A) consisted of 60 healthy non pregnant women age ranged between 20 to 35 years. Study group (Group B) consisted of 60 normal pregnant women of same age range. Group B was further subdivided into group B1 and group B2according to the level of TPO-Ab. Group B1 consisted of TPO-Ab positive pregnant women and group B2 consisted of TPO- Ab negative pregnant women. Control group was selected from personal contacts and study group from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Serum FT4, TSH were measured by Enzyme link immunosorbant (ELISA) method. Again, serum TPO-Ab of total study population and hCG of all the pregnant women were measured. Serum TPO-Ab by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method and hCG was estimated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 17. Results: In this study, serum FT4 and was significantly (P<0.001) higher and TSH level was significantly (P<0.001) lower in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in comparison to those of non pregnant women. Again, 18% of pregnant women showed TPO-Ab positivity. However, serum FT4 level was significantly (P<0.001) lower whereas, TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in TPO-Ab positive pregnant women in comparison to those of TPO-Ab negative pregnant women. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity increases during 1st trimester of normal pregnancy which decreases the hyper functional state of thyroid hormones. So, thyroid screening should be done routinely during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 15-20

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Changes of Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Homocysteine, and Hypersensitive CRP Levels during Pregnancy and Their Relationship with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation ◽

10.1159/000515085 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Wenhua Liu ◽

Zheren Huang ◽

Shanshan Tang ◽

Zhifen Zhang ◽

Qing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Levels ◽

First Trimester ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Control Group ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Hs Crp

Background: Inflammatory response state is related to the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Objective: To investigate the changes of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), homocysteine (Hcy), and hypersensitive CRP (hs-CRP) levels during pregnancy and their relationship with GDM. Methods: The nested case-control study method was used. Sixty nonobese single pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were divided into the GDM group (GDM, n = 60), together with another 60 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance who were matched in the same period and divided into the control group (control, n = 60). The serum Hcy, hs-CRP, and SHBG levels were measured. Results: The serum levels of Hcy and hs-CRP were significantly higher in the GDM group compared with the control group, and serum levels of SHBG was significantly lower in the GDM group compared with the control group at different stages of pregnancy. The serum levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in pregnant women increased with the increase of gestational age, and serum levels of SHBG decreased with the increase of gestational age. Increased Hcy and hs-CRP levels in the second trimester and decreased SHBG levels in the first trimester were related to GDM. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were as follows: OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.5–13.0; OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.5–10.1; and OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7, respectively. Conclusion: Increased Hcy and hs-CRP in the second trimester and decreased SHBG in the first trimester were independent predictors of GDM, which provides a new idea for early prevention and treatment of GDM.

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Study on Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Different Trimester of Normal Pregnancy

Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/icmj.v2i2.52851 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Zinat Begum ◽

Rezina Akhtar Banu ◽

TH Zahra Moon Moon

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum T3 ◽

Serum T4 ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Objective: The present study was conducted to study the changes in serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in different trimesters of normal pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital over a period 1 year from July 2008 to June 2009. Apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 20 - 35 years were consecutively included in the study. Patients suffering from thyroid disorders or any other systemic diseases and lactating mothers were excluded from the study. A total of 100 subjects - 75 pregnant women (25 selected from each trimester of pregnancy) and 25 non-pregnant women were purposively selected as case and control groups respectively. Result: The mean age was almost identically distributed between the two groups (23.8 ± 3.9 vs. 24.9 ±4.6, p = 0.343). Lower class patient was predominant in case and control group (68% vs. 64%, p =0.756). The mean serum T3 level was higher in case group compared to control group. The mean serum T3 level was identically distributed in 1st and 3rd trimester (p = 0.536 and p = 0.145 respectively) but significant difference was found in 2nd trimester (p = 0.001). The mean serum T4 level of control group did not experience any change throughout the whole observation period. The serum T4 level was 210 nmol/L at 1st trimester then it began to increase almost a plateau at 2nd trimester and then gradually dropped 232.2 nmol/L at third trimester. The mean serum TSH level was 1.1 mIU/L at 1st trimester then it began to increase sharply assumed a mean score 1.3 mIU/L at 2nd trimester. From 2nd trimester onwards it began to decrease upto the end of observation when no change in the non-pregnant women in 1st, 2nd & 3rd trimester. Conclusion: Thyroid hormones (T3, T4) increase in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and fall again in the 3rdtrimester but TSH does not experience any significant change throughout the pregnancy. Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2012; 2(2): 19-23

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Complement protein and Immunoglobulins Serum levels in Normal Pregnant and Spontaneous Aborted Women

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2018.2.21 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 129-133

Author(s):

Hiwa Abdulrahman Ahmad ◽

Mehri Mirhaj Muhammd salih ◽

Kamal Ahmed Khidir

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Study Groups ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Control Group ◽

Complement Protein ◽

Complement Proteins ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Immunological Rejection

Disorder of maternal immune responses during pregnancy triggers immunological rejection of fetus antigens by maternal immune components, contribute to spontaneous abortion or miscarriage. The study was designed to concentrated on immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG and IgA) and complement elements (C3 and C4) serum levels changes in normal pregnant and abortion women. Study groups were classified into normal pregnant women (20), spontaneous abortion (30) and non-pregnant women (16) as a control group, attending to Shahid Dr. Khalid Hospital/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics/Koya city. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA), complement proteins (C3 and C4) were determined and analyzed for normal pregnant, abortion and control groups by using Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) technique. The results demonstrated that concentration of IgG levels in abortion differed significantly in compare to normal pregnancy (p ≤0.05), while there were no significant differences in IgM and IgA serum levels among groups (p >0.05). Also, statistical analysis revealed that serum levels of C3 and C4 significantly decreased in abortion group compared to normal pregnant and non-pregnant groups (p ≤0.05). Concluded that complement proteins (C3 andC4) are a good defense line during normal pregnancy, sometime activation (hyper-consuming) of complement elements may provoke spontaneous abortion, while immunoglobulins are a little role in inducing of miscarriage in pregnant women.

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Antimicrobial peptides in pregnant women with TORCH infections

Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproduction ◽

10.17749/2313-7347.2019.13.3.197-203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 197-203

Author(s):

G. V. Narimanova ◽

I. D. Shakhverdieva ◽

I. A. Kerimova ◽

G. A. Jafarova

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Serum Levels ◽

First Trimester ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Torch Infection ◽

Torch Infections

Introduction. Analysis for TORCH infections is ordered to simultaneously detect several common infections: Toxoplasmosis, Other infections (syphilis, hepatitis B, chickenpox, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus and some others), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus. Contracting a TORCH infection in pregnancy triggers the synthesis of immune factors including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).Aim: to determine the levels of AMPs – lactoferrin, defensin, endotoxin, BPI (bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein) and hepcidin – in the blood serum of pregnant women with TORCH infections.Materials and methods. The main group included 40 pregnant women with TORCH infections; in 33 of those, pregnancy continued until full-term delivery, and 7 women had miscarriages at the end of the first trimester. The comparison group consisted of 29 pregnant women free of TORCH infections. Blood for AMP measurement was taken in all pregnant women in the first trimester and in women with an ongoing pregnancy also in the III trimester. The control group consisted of 19 healthy non-pregnant women. Serum AMP was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. In pregnant women with TORCH infections, there was an increase in the serum levels of lactoferrin, defensin, hepcidin, BPI, and endotoxin; the increase was most pronounced in the first trimester of pregnancy. The decrease in AMP levels observed in the III trimester could be due to the antiviral treatment given to the patients in order to prevent the immunological rejection of the embryo and maintain the normal course of pregnancy.Conclusion. The increased level of AMPs reflects the enhanced activity of the immune system and represents one of the pathogenetic links of spontaneous abortion.

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Preeclampsia and level of oxidative stress in the first trimester of pregnancy

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp150517251b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 633-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirjana Bogavac ◽

Ana Jakovljevic ◽

Zoran Stajic ◽

Aleksandra Nikolic ◽

Mirjana Milosevic-Tosic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

A Prospective Study

Background/Aim. Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic syndrome that complicates 5?8% of all pregnancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in the first trimester of pregnancy in patients with preeclampsia, with the purpose of comparing the level of oxidative stress with normal pregnancy. Methods. The study was conducted as a prospective study. It included totally 107 pregnant women divided into two groups. In the study group (n = 33) there were women who developed preeclampsia in the current pregnancy. The control group (n = 74) included healthy pregnant women. Blood samples were taken between 11th and 14th weeks of gestation, and the values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in serum by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Results. The values of SOD and GHS-Px were statistically higher in the study group, while the values of TAS were statistically higher in the control group. The level of TAS inversely correlated with GSH-Px and SOD, but there is no statistically significant correlation between GSHPx and SOD in the study group. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest a higher level of oxidative stress in the first trimester of pregnancy with preeclampsia, which may indicate that the initiation and development of pathophysiological processes underlying preeclampsia start much earlier than the clinical syndrome exhibit.

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Redox status of pregnant women with thrombophilia

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp200908001d ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Dimitrijevic ◽

Jovana Bradic ◽

Vladimir Zivkovic ◽

Aleksandra Dimitrijevic ◽

Mirjana Milojevic-Corbic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Redox Status ◽

Control Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The Third

Background/Aim. Considering the fact that role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of thrombophilia in pregnancy has still not been clarified, the aim of our study was to assess the redox status of pregnant women with thrombophilia. Methods. The study involved 120 pregnant women who were divided into two groups: thrombophilia and normal pregnancy group. The thrombophilia group consisted of 60 pregnant women with thrombophilia, while the normal pregnancy group included 60 physiologically healthy pregnant women. Blood samples for biochemical analysis were collected at the end of first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrites (NO2-) and index of lipid peroxidation measured as TBARS were measured in plasma. Level of reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in erythrocytes. Results. In women with thrombophilia, NO2- values were increased in the first and third trimester when compared with healthy pregnant women (p<0.05). The higher levels of TBARS and H2O2 were noticed in women with thrombophilia in the first trimester when compared to healthy pregnant women (p<0.05). The values of SOD and CAT were lower in women with thrombophilia in the third and GSH in the first trimester compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. Our results suggest increased generation of pro-oxidants in thrombophillia at the beginning of gestation, which declines as gestation progresses and reaches the similar values as in normal pregnancy at the end of pregnancy. Generally viewed, thrombophilia was associated with impaired antioxidant capacity - SOD and CAT were lower in the third and GSH in the first trimester compared to healthy women.

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Haemostatic changes related to fibrin formation and fibrinolysis during the first trimester in normal pregnancy and in recurrent miscarriage

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th06-09-0542 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (04) ◽

pp. 552-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ysabel Ramirez ◽

Chandrasekaran Nagaswami ◽

Leona Masova ◽

Anibal Pulido ◽

José Mora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Recurrent Miscarriage ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Control Group ◽

Fibrinogen Concentration ◽

Fibrin Network ◽

History Of ◽

Pregnant State

SummaryWe have studied some biophysical properties of the fibrin network during the normal state of pregnancy and in patients with recurrent miscarriage (RM), in the first trimester of pregnancy. The fibrin polymerization process, followed by turbidity, showed that the rate of fibrin monomer assembly and the final turbidity was increased in the pregnant group (normal and with history of RM) compared to non-pregnant women (normal and RM), which is consistent with the increased fibrinogen concentration during pregancy. No changes were observed in the Darcy constant (Ks) of RM clots, pregnant or not; however, in pregnant control subjects the Ks increased (p=0.03).The fibrin lysis rate was increased in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant, being faster in women with RM. The rheological properties of the fibrin network in the non-pregnant group (control and RM patients) were similar; in the pregnant state, the fibrin network of the control group was 1.3 times stiffer compared to the control non-pregnant women, and almost unchanged in RM patients. In this study we have found changes in the clot structure that seem to be related to normal pregnancy and an increased rate of the fibrin lysis process in the RM patients, which may have clinical relevance.

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Pathomorphological Characteristics of Trophoblast and Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels in Diagnosis of Partial Hydatidiform

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2013.76 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128

Author(s):

Gordana Bogdanović ◽

Lejla Muminhodžić ◽

Dženita Ljuca ◽

Adnan Babović

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Hydatidiform Mole ◽

Serum Levels ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Villous Trophoblast ◽

Partial Mole ◽

Β Hcg ◽

Invasive Mole

Introduction: Partial molar trophoblast degeneration is a benign disease characterised by numerous complications such as an invasive mole and malignant alteration.Methods: This was a retrospective study which recruited 70 pregnant women diagnosed with hydatidiform mole or with physiological pregnancy spontaneously aborted. The pregnant women had similar demographic features and were included in two groups. 35 pregnant women with a molar pregnancy diagnosed during the first trimester were included in the study group; while 35 pregnant women with miscarriages during the fi rst trimester were included in the control group.Results: Examined trophoblast changes were: type of atypia, amount and mass of trophoblast proliferation. Specifi c β HCG serum levels were observed in all pregnant women before the treatment. Pregnantwomen in the study group had statistically signifi cant higher levels of β HCG serum in comparison with the control group (both average levels 60191.37±49662.75 and levels according to gestational age). Statisticallysignifi cant changes of villous trophoblast were observed by the pathomorphological analysis: mild trophoblast atypia (57.14%); pronounced trophoblast mass (45.71%) and mild trophoblast proliferationamount (51.43%).Conclusion: Serum β-HCG level measurements and pathomorphological analysis of chorionic villi are reliable and effective methods in a partial mole diagnostics.

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