Pathomorphological Characteristics of Trophoblast and Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels in Diagnosis of Partial Hydatidiform

Introduction: Partial molar trophoblast degeneration is a benign disease characterised by numerous complications such as an invasive mole and malignant alteration.Methods: This was a retrospective study which recruited 70 pregnant women diagnosed with hydatidiform mole or with physiological pregnancy spontaneously aborted. The pregnant women had similar demographic features and were included in two groups. 35 pregnant women with a molar pregnancy diagnosed during the first trimester were included in the study group; while 35 pregnant women with miscarriages during the fi rst trimester were included in the control group.Results: Examined trophoblast changes were: type of atypia, amount and mass of trophoblast proliferation. Specifi c β HCG serum levels were observed in all pregnant women before the treatment. Pregnantwomen in the study group had statistically signifi cant higher levels of β HCG serum in comparison with the control group (both average levels 60191.37±49662.75 and levels according to gestational age). Statisticallysignifi cant changes of villous trophoblast were observed by the pathomorphological analysis: mild trophoblast atypia (57.14%); pronounced trophoblast mass (45.71%) and mild trophoblast proliferationamount (51.43%).Conclusion: Serum β-HCG level measurements and pathomorphological analysis of chorionic villi are reliable and effective methods in a partial mole diagnostics.

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Distribution of thyroid peroxidase positivity and its effects on thyroid function in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in Dhaka city

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Ohida Sultanaa ◽

Nasim Jahan ◽

Nayma Sultana ◽

Farzana Mahmudad ◽

Tazdik G Chowdhurye

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

First Trimester ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Study Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Group B

Objective: To measure the distribution of TPO-Ab positivity and to observe the effect of thyroid peroxidase positivity on thyroid function during first trimester in normal pregnancy. Method: A cross sectional among 120 subjects were taken in this study and divided into control and study groups. Control group (Group A) consisted of 60 healthy non pregnant women age ranged between 20 to 35 years. Study group (Group B) consisted of 60 normal pregnant women of same age range. Group B was further subdivided into group B1 and group B2according to the level of TPO-Ab. Group B1 consisted of TPO-Ab positive pregnant women and group B2 consisted of TPO- Ab negative pregnant women. Control group was selected from personal contacts and study group from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Serum FT4, TSH were measured by Enzyme link immunosorbant (ELISA) method. Again, serum TPO-Ab of total study population and hCG of all the pregnant women were measured. Serum TPO-Ab by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method and hCG was estimated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 17. Results: In this study, serum FT4 and was significantly (P<0.001) higher and TSH level was significantly (P<0.001) lower in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in comparison to those of non pregnant women. Again, 18% of pregnant women showed TPO-Ab positivity. However, serum FT4 level was significantly (P<0.001) lower whereas, TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in TPO-Ab positive pregnant women in comparison to those of TPO-Ab negative pregnant women. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity increases during 1st trimester of normal pregnancy which decreases the hyper functional state of thyroid hormones. So, thyroid screening should be done routinely during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 15-20

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A Case of Rapid Transformation from Hydatidiform Mole to Invasive Mole: The Importance of β-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) Serum Levels in Follow-Up Evaluation

American Journal of Case Reports ◽

10.12659/ajcr.931156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Budi Harsono ◽

Yudi Mulyana Hidayat ◽

Gatot Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan Winarno ◽

Aisyah Shofiatun Nisa ◽

Firas Farisi Alkaff

Keyword(s):

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Hydatidiform Mole ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Β Hcg ◽

Invasive Mole ◽

Rapid Transformation

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Efficiency evaluation of the improved treatment and prevention complex in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies

Reproductive Endocrinology ◽

10.18370/2309-4117.2021.59.26-31 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

V.O. Beniuk ◽

L.M. Vygivska ◽

I.V. Maidannyk ◽

T.V. Kovaliuk ◽

O.O. Chorna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

First Trimester ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Β Hcg ◽

Arginine Aspartate ◽

Micronized Progesterone

Study objective: to determine the role and effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic and preventive complex and psychoemotional correction of hormonal disorders in the pregnancy dynamics after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to improve the antenatal observation and prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications.Materials and methods. The study included 299 pregnant women: the main group included 249 women whose pregnancy occurred as an ART result; the control group included 50 pregnant women with spontaneous pregnancy. Therapeutic and prophylactic complex for pregnant women after ART included: micronized progesterone, magnesium oxide, folic acid, L-arginine aspartate, ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and long-term psychological correction on the eve of the ART program, at 8–10, 16–18 and 28–30 weeks of pregnancy. Results. There was a significant increase in the β-chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level in women of the study groups in the first trimester of pregnancy against the background of the proposed treatment. Mean β-HCG value at 7–8 weeks of gestation in the subgroup IA exceeded the subgroup IB by 37% (p <0.05), in subgroup IIA it exceeded the subgroup IIB by 33% (p <0.05). The mean β-hCG value in subgroups IIIA and IIIB did not have a significant difference in the dynamics of the first trimester compared with the control group and among themselves (p >0.05).Mean progesterone value at 7–8 weeks of gestation in subgroup IA increased by 38% in comparison with pregnant women who received the conventional treatment complex (p <0.05), in subgroup IIA it was 73% higher than in subgroup IIB (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in the progesterone level in subgroups IIIA and IIIB in the dynamics of the first trimester.The average cortisol value at 23–24 weeks of pregnancy in subgroup IA decreased by 42% (p <0.05), in pregnant women with endocrine infertility against the background of the proposed treatment complex it was 62% less than in subgroup IIB (p <0.05). The average cortisol level in women with a male factor of infertility was 63% lower than in subgroup IIIB against the background of the proposed complex (p <0.05).Conclusion. Advanced therapy with micronized progesterone in combination with magnesium saturation, L-arginine aspartate, folic acid, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as long-term psychoemotional correction is appropriate and effective compared to conventional therapy for pregnant women.

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Changes of Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Homocysteine, and Hypersensitive CRP Levels during Pregnancy and Their Relationship with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation ◽

10.1159/000515085 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Wenhua Liu ◽

Zheren Huang ◽

Shanshan Tang ◽

Zhifen Zhang ◽

Qing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Levels ◽

First Trimester ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Control Group ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Hs Crp

Background: Inflammatory response state is related to the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Objective: To investigate the changes of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), homocysteine (Hcy), and hypersensitive CRP (hs-CRP) levels during pregnancy and their relationship with GDM. Methods: The nested case-control study method was used. Sixty nonobese single pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were divided into the GDM group (GDM, n = 60), together with another 60 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance who were matched in the same period and divided into the control group (control, n = 60). The serum Hcy, hs-CRP, and SHBG levels were measured. Results: The serum levels of Hcy and hs-CRP were significantly higher in the GDM group compared with the control group, and serum levels of SHBG was significantly lower in the GDM group compared with the control group at different stages of pregnancy. The serum levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in pregnant women increased with the increase of gestational age, and serum levels of SHBG decreased with the increase of gestational age. Increased Hcy and hs-CRP levels in the second trimester and decreased SHBG levels in the first trimester were related to GDM. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were as follows: OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.5–13.0; OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.5–10.1; and OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7, respectively. Conclusion: Increased Hcy and hs-CRP in the second trimester and decreased SHBG in the first trimester were independent predictors of GDM, which provides a new idea for early prevention and treatment of GDM.

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Association between maternal serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20203052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 3157

Author(s):

Archana Kumari ◽

Vahini M.

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Late Onset ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Severe Preeclampsia ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Β Hcg

Background: A major challenge in obstetrics is early identification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). This study was performed to determine the association between elevated maternal serum β-hCG levels and HDP, the correlation between serum β-hCG level and severity of preeclampsia and to determine the value of serum β-hCG level as a diagnostic marker for early diagnosis of HDP.Methods: This was a hospital based observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi on 375 pregnant women with period of gestation more than 20 weeks, including 250 pregnant women with HDP as study group and 125 normotensive pregnant women as controls. Serum β-hCG concentration was measured and its level was compared between two groups.Results: The maternal mean serum β-hCG levels (51161.08±30038.21 IU/L) of study group of HDP were higher than the normotensive control group (17603.23±16748.21 IU/L). In non-severe preeclampsia, the mean serum levels were 36417.32±23876.74 IU/L while in severe preeclampsia, 60030.34±28771.31 IU/L. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.001) with higher levels in early onset preeclamptic mothers than late onset preeclampsia. The cut-off point of β-hCG for predicting HDP was 32077 IU/L with sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 86%.Conclusions: Serum β-hCG level is higher in HDP when compared to normotensive women. Higher levels of β-hCG are associated with increasing severity of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The utility of serum β-hCG as a diagnostic test is limited because of low sensitivity and difficulty in deciding the cut-off value.

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Study on the changes in TSH, TPO-Ab and other indicators due to Vitamin D deficiency in Pregnant Women with subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.6.1982 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Xue Zhou ◽

Ben Li ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Zhihong Li

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hs Crp ◽

The Impact

Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in pregnant women with early pregnancy complicated by subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: A total of 172 pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester diagnosed and treated in a given hospital from August 2014 to May 2018 were selected, and their levels of vitamin D were determined. Depending on the abnormality of their vitamin D levels, the study participants were divided into two groups: the study group (vitamin D≤20 ng/L) and the control group (vitamin D>20 ng/L). The levels of TSH, TPO-Ab, IL-1 and hsCRP in the two groups were measured. Results: The levels of TSH, hsCRP and TPO-Ab in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The comparison between the two groups in terms of IL-1 showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester is associated with in an increased level of TSH in the first trimester, thereby aggravating subclinical hypothyroidism. The mechanism may be associated with the impact of vitamin D deficiency on hs-CRP and other body inflammation indicators, as well as on thyroid autoantibodies and other immune indicators, but has no effect on IL-1 levels. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1982 How to cite this:Zhou X, Li B, Wang C, Li Z. Study on the changes in TSH, TPO-Ab and other indicators due to Vitamin D deficiency in Pregnant Women with subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1982 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriages

Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1515/labmed-2018-0148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 101-114

Author(s):

Mirjana Bogavac ◽

Ana Jakovljević ◽

Aleksandra Nikolić ◽

Mirjana Milošević Tošić ◽

Tamara Perić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Protein A ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Recurrent Miscarriages ◽

Term Delivery ◽

Β Hcg

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the markers of oxidative stress (OS), as well as the magnesium (Mg) concentration, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) values in patients with previous recurrent miscarriages, with the purpose of comparing the level of OS with normal pregnancy. Methods The study was conducted as a prospective study, which included a total of 95 pregnant women divided into two groups. In the study group (n = 35), there were women with at least three consecutive previous miscarriages. The control group (n = 60) consisted of healthy pregnant women without previous miscarriages and complications in pregnancy. Blood samples were taken between the 11th and 14th weeks of gestation, and the values of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum, as well as the Mg concentration, PAPP-A and β-hCG values were determined. Results The values of SOD and GHS-Px were statistically higher in the study group, while the values of TAS were statistically significantly higher in the control group. The values of the Mg concentration were statistically significantly higher in the control group, while the values of β-hCG were statistically significantly higher in the study group. When the study group was divided into subgroups according to the outcome of pregnancy, there were statistical differences in the level of GSH-Px, SOD between miscarriages and the term delivery group, as well as in the Mg concentration between miscarriages and the term delivery group and between the term and preterm delivery groups. Higher values of SOD and GHS-Px, and lower values of TAS and Mg concentration could be used as markers for the prediction of spontaneous miscarriages. Conclusions The results of this research indicated higher OS and exhaustion of antioxidant mechanisms in early pregnancy in a group with recurrent miscarriages. Also, lower values of serum Mg concentration could be one of the markers for the prediction of spontaneous miscarriages.

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Hypothyroidism In Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.14738/assrj.710.9132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

MOHAMED S. A. EMARAH ◽

MOHAMED A. EL-NAGGAR ◽

ABEER EL SHABACY ◽

SAHAR H. QUSHWA

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

First Trimester ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Uterine Anomalies ◽

History Of ◽

Living Children

Recurrent miscarriage, defined as loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies, occurs in 1–2% of couples attempting to bear children. The major causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) based on the literature include parental structural chromosome rearrangement, immunologic factors (i.e. antiphospholipid syndrome), thrombophilic factors (both inherited and acquired), anatomic factors of uterine anomalies, and endocrinologic disorders. Luteal phase defect, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease and hyperprolactinemia are among the endocrinologic disorders implicated in approximately 17% to 20% of RPL. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the general population of reproductive age is about 2-3%. The aim of this study is to observe the benefit of screening for hypothyroidism amongst women with recurrent spontaneous abortion early in the first trimester. The study included one hundred and sixty (160) women, in the reproductive age of life, where there ages ranged from 20 – 33 years, and divided into two groups. Study group which included eighty (80), non pregnant women with a history of two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions early in the first trimester, with no living children and control group which included eighty (80), non pregnant women having one or more living children without any history of abortion. Hypothyroidism was noted in ten (10) cases (12.5%) in the study group and noted in two (2) cases (2.5%) in the control group with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). The mean levels of TSH in the study group was 22.71  13.13 Iu/ml. Conclusion: Screening for hypothyroidism has clinical significance and would help to reduce miscarriage rate in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion.

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Thyroid disorders in pregnancy: prevalence and its fetomaternal outcome in a tertiary hospital of Delhi, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

Neha Bansal ◽

Divya .

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Group Versus ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Study Group ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Care Hospital

Background: This study was conducted to determine the feto maternal outcome in pregnant women with thyroid disorders. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in present study was 15.75%.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in all pregnant women irrespective of their parity, who attended ANC clinic in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. After registering, the patients were followed up with routine antenatal visits up to delivery and records were reviewed for development of abortion, PIH, preterm delivery, GDM, anemia, placental abruption, still birth, anomalies, fetal distress, meconium stained liquor, low birth weight and neonatal outcome by neonate Apgar score and TSH value.Results: Mean age group in our study was 27.61±3.14. Family history was present in 8% of study group versus 0% in control group which was statistically significant (p=0.028). Eighteen percent of preeclampsia was diagnosed in study group as compared to 4% in control group which was statistically significant (p-value= 0.005). Fourteen percent patients had preterm labour in study group as compared to 6.7% in control group which was statistically significant (p value= 0.047). Increased neonatal TSH was found in study group (61.3%) as compared to control group (32%), this difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). There was increased importance of measuring TSH in first trimester as it was statistically significant in study group (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: All pregnant women should be screened for hypothyroidism as early as possible or before conception to prevent any fetomaternal complications.

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Epidemiological Factors and Pathomorphologic Characteristics of Hydatidiform Mole

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2013.77 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137

Author(s):

Lejla Muminhodžić ◽

Gordana Bogdanović ◽

Dženita Ljuca ◽

Adnan Babović

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Hydatidiform Mole ◽

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽

Blood Type ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Molar Pregnancy ◽

Ongoing Pregnancy ◽

Reliable Parameter

Introduction: Hydatidiform mole is a gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by a range of disorders of abnormal trophoblastic proliferation.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 70 singletone pregnancies until the 12th week of gestational age diagnosed with hydatidiform mole or spontaneously aborted physiological pregnancy. The pregnantwomen had almost similar demographic features and were divided into two groups. 35 pregnant women with a molar pregnancy were included in the study group; while 35 pregnant women with physiologicalpregnancy spontaneously aborted were included in the control group. Analyzed parameters included a pregnant woman’s age, blood type, parity and previous pregnancies (course and outcomes).Results: In the study group 11.43% of cases had hydatidiform mola during previous pregnancies as well as the advanced average gestational age of an ongoing pregnancy (9.63±1.83 in contrast to 8.25±2.03in the control group). The pregnant women with the hydatidiform mole were reported to have statistically significantly greater number of irregular villous borders (71.43%); slightly enlarged villi (54.29%); moderatedpresence of cisterns (65.71%) as well as mild avascularisation of villi (57.14%).Conclusion: It was concluded that a previous molar pregnancy represents the highest risk for hydtidiforme mole and the pathomorphologic analysis of vilous changes can be a reliable parameter for establishingproper diagnosis of partial hydatidiform mole.

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