scholarly journals Cross-Compatibility Between Some Cultivated Cowpea Varieties and a Wild Relative (Subsp. Dekindtiana Var Pubescens)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Nwosu ◽  
E. N. Awa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Cultivated Populations

Four cultivated cowpea (Achi shuru, Ife Brown, Kanannado and Zebra bean) were crossed to their wild relative subsp. dekindtiana var. pubescens to ascertain their cross compatibility, reproductive potential and possible heterosis in the F1 generations. Results show that the cultivated varieties hybridized relatively well with their wild relative with pod set of 40.8% to 46.7%. F1 hybrid plants also showed high heterosis in plant height and number of leaves and produced viable seeds. These results are indications of a good reproductive potential of the hybrids thus making the wild, good candidate for transfer of important gene pool into the cultivated populations.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.10761        J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 195-200 (2013)

scholarly journals Cross-compatibility of cultivated cowpea varieties and their wild relatives: Implications for crop improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
D.J. Nwosu ◽  
C. Nwadike
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Cultivated Populations

Hybridization programmes that potentially exploit the variability existing in the wild germplasm of Vigna unguiculata L. Walpers could be of great potential for the future of plant breeding. Bearing this in mind, four cultivated cowpea varieties (Achi shuru, Ife Brown, Kanannado and Zebra bean) were crossed to two of their wild relatives: subsp. dekindtiana var. pubescens and subsp. unguiculata var. spontanea to ascertain the cross compatibility, reproductive potential and possible heterosis in the F1 generations. Results showed that the cultivated varieties hybridized relatively well with their wild relatives showing pod set range of 42.9% to 52.3% in crosses with subsp. dekindtiana var. pubescens and 40.0% to 52.0% in crosses with subsp. unguiculata var. spontanea. The F1 hybrid plants showed high heterosis in plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant and percentage pod set. They also produced viable seeds for F2 generations. These results are indications of a good reproductive potential of the hybrids thus making the wild relatives, good sources of important gene pool for the improvement of the cultivated populations.

scholarly journals Heterotic Effect of Different Cytoplasmic Combinations in Sunflower Hybrids Cultivated Under Diverse Irrigation Regimes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tyagi ◽  
Satwinder Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Cytoplasmic Diversity ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Different Sources

The sunflower hybrids hold a narrow cytoplasmic diversity. Besides, the heterotic effect of wild cytoplasmic combinations of sunflower on important traits under water stress has not been explored in detail. Here, we evaluated the different sunflower cytoplasmic combinations in sunflower hybrids using cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sources as female parents. We used a total of sixteen sunflower genotypes representing twelve CMS lines from wild and conventional sources along with four restorer lines. Twelve CMS lines were crossed with four restorer lines to develop a total of 48 F1 hybrid combinations. The hybrids were evaluated under two different environments (i.e., regular irrigation and water stress) for morphophysiological, yield, and biochemical traits over two years. Heterotic effect for various CMS sources was evaluated on all of the three possible scales, namely, better-parent heterosis (BPH), mid-parent heterosis (MPH), and heterosis as percent of check (PSH-996). For better-parent and mid-parent heterosis, the CMS sources Helianthus annuus, Helianthus argophyllus, and Helianthus debilis demonstrated positive better-parent heterosis for seed yield, oil content, and oleic acid irrespective of the environment. However, the hybrid combinations of different sources when using the genotype RCR8297 as the restorer parent recorded maximum average returns. Furthermore, chlorophyll meter (SPAD) reading positively correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and number of leaves per plant in both the environments. Overall, this study identified and compared the heterotic effect of the different cytoplasmic combinations in sunflower under water stress as well as under normal irrigation environments.

scholarly journals Influence of biogass slurry and urea on yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruits

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ghimire ◽  
DM Gautam ◽  
K Mishra ◽  
KR Pande ◽  
A GC
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Inorganic Chemical

The study was conducted on sandy loam soil at IAAS Rampur, Chitwan during May to September, 2012 to evaluate the effect of different combinations of biogas slurry and urea on production of okra, laid out in a two-factor RCBD with three replications. Altogether ten treatments consist of two varieties namely Arka Anamika - open pollinated and Jaikisan-62-F1 hybrid and four different levels of biogas slurry and urea combination (urea75%+biogas slurry25%, urea50%+biogas slurry50%, urea25%+biogas slurry75% and biogas slurry100%) and only inorganic chemical (75:60:50 kg NPK/ha) as control. All treatments were based on fulfillment of required nitrogen for the crop. The results showed that application of urea50%+biogas slurry50% increased plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and number of nodes at final harvesting. Treatment urea50% + biogas slurry50% allow maximum number of pickings/plant (23.2) and number of fruits/plant (23.5) resulting highest yield/plant (376.3 g). Among the varieties, Jaikisan-62 is superior in terms of growth, yield and post harvest character than Arka Anamika. The net return (Rs. 474,136/ha) and mean B/C ratio was highest (2.59) in Jaikisan-62 treated with urea50%+biogas slurry50%. So, for the commercial production hybrid variety is suggested.

Production of herbicide-resistant jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) × wheat (Triticum aestivum) hybrids in the field by natural hybridization

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Seefeldt ◽  
Robert Zemetra ◽  
Frank L. Young ◽  
Stephen S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Efficacy Study ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Viable Seeds

Imazamox-resistant hybrids resulted from a cross between jointed goatgrass and an imazamox-resistant wheat (cv. FS-4 IR wheat). Two imazamox-resistant hybrids were discovered in a research plot where FS-4 IR wheat seed had been replanted from the harvest of an imazamox efficacy study conducted the year before at a different location. These hybrid plants survived imazamox applied at 0.053 and 0.069 kg ai ha−1in the field and produced seven viable seeds (BC1). This seed germinated, and chromosomes were counted from the roots (2N number ranged from 39 to 54). In the greenhouse, six of the seven plants survived an application of 0.072 kg ai ha−1imazamox, which confirmed that the resistance trait had been passed to these progeny. A large amount of phenotypic variation was observed in the mature BC1plants. A genetic description of the movement of the resistant gene is proposed based on the case of the gene being located on the D and the A or B genomes. Management strategies to reduce the occurrence of herbicide-resistant hybrids are presented.

scholarly journals Length polymorphisms of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in assisted selection for lipoxygenase-free in soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIA CARPENTIERI-PIPOLO ◽  
Thales Pereira Barreto ◽  
Daiana Alves Silva ◽  
Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor ◽  
Silvana Rockenbach Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Glycine Max L

Beany flavor of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is caused by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the action of three lipoxygenases (LOX1, LOX2 and LOX3) present in mature seeds. The unpleasant flavor restricts human consumption of soybean products. This problem could be solved through genetic elimination of alleles that code these enzymes. Parental cultivars and two hybrid population were selected and analyzed using genetic markers for alleles locus, encoding Lox1, Lox2 and Lox3 free. The SSR marker Satt212 confirmed the presence of the homozygous null-allele Lx3 in the cultivar BRS 213, which were used for hybridization with BR 36. Heterozygote F1 hybrid plants and homozygous Lx3 lines in F2 segregating populations were successfully identified.  The SSR markers Sat090 and Sat417 was the most effective diagnostic marker among the all SSR markers tested. Satt090 and Satt417 confirmed the presence of the homozygous Lx2 null-allele in the parental cultivar BRS 213 by flanking Lx2 loci at 3,00 and 2,77 cM, respectively. The presence of Lx2 null allele in The F2 segregating populations between BRS 213 and BRS 155 were successfully identified with a selection efficiency of 98% and have great potential for further application in the Brazilian breeding program aimed at improving soybean seed quality.

Pedigreed Natural Crossing to Identify Peanut Testa Genotypes1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray O. Hammons ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Crossing ◽  
Testa Color

Abstract Pedigreed natural crossing to produce marker-identified hybrids for specific uses has been exploited in USDA-ARS/Georgia cooperative peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm enhancement projects since the discovery in 1959 of suitable genetic markers. The principal advantages of natural hybridization using dominant alternative alleles to identify the outcrosses are that (1) the production of F1 hybrid plants is not dependent upon conventional manual emasculation, (2) the identification and harvest of plants exhibiting the markers can be performed by semiskilled workers, and (3) the procedure is more economical than the standard crossing method. We utilized pedigreed natural crosses to screen an extensive sample of white-testa peanut phenotypes from the world gene pool for the five-loci recessive genotype, r1 r1 f1 f1 f2 f2 d1 d1 d2 d2. Four accessions, ‘Spanwhite”, P. I. 299468, P. I. 408730, and P. I. 306228, were found to be recessive at all five of the loci which condition testa color. F2 populations from marker-identified natural crosses of each of these lines to a tester genotype which was homozygously dominant at four of the testa-color loci fit the ratio of 225 tan:31 white expected from the cross of these genotypes.

Genetic compatibility among morphotypes of Vigna lanceolata and implications for breeding improved cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
Hang T. T. Vu ◽  
L. M. Bielig ◽  
A. Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Genetic Compatibility ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Improved Cultivars

As well as being part of the wider gene pool of cultivated species such as mungbean and cowpea, Vigna lanceolata Benth. is of agronomic interest as a potentially useful species in its own right. It is widely adapted across northern Australia from the coast to inland desert regions, and possesses attributes that make it potentially suited as a ley, cover crop or pasture legume in seasonally arid tropical environments. The species comprises several morphotypes that variously differ in their broad geographic distribution, life cycle, habit, edaphic adaptation and/or amphicarpy. In order to assess the potential for breeding improved cultivars, eight representative accessions were hybridised in a complete diallel cross and the viability and fertility of the resultant hybrid progeny evaluated. Of the 56 parental combinations in the diallel, 33 resulted in healthy F1 hybrid plants, and of these, nine were at least partly self-fertile. Six of these combinations were the reciprocal crosses between three of the perennial, tuberous-rooted, amphicarpic morphotypes. Another two were the reciprocal crosses between the two annual morphotypes. The patterns of relatedness among accessions indicated by the cross-pollination studies were broadly supported by DArT molecular marker analyses, and suggested that there has been some genetic differentiation within the V. lanceolata complex. Although the process of speciation remains far from complete, the levels of genetic compatibility between some morphotypes would be inadequate to enable a breeding program to draw easily on the full range of genetic diversity within V. lanceolata. Two plausible breeding options are suggested. The first is the development of perennial, tuberous-rooted, amphicarpic ideotypes suited perhaps as pasture or understorey legumes, drawing on selected accessions from the three perennial morphotypes, where there was sufficient genetic compatibility and which collectively have wide geographical spread. The second is an annual, freely seeding, fibrous-rooted, amphicarpic ideotype suited perhaps for use as a self-regenerating ley legume, drawing on selected accessions from the two annual morphotypes.

scholarly journals Characterization of F1 interspecific hybrids between wild Helianthus annuus L. populations and cultivated sunflower

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreten Terzic ◽  
Jovanka Atlagic ◽  
Dejana Pankovic
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Pollen Vitality

Phenotype, chromosomes pairing and pollen vitality were compared between parental populations and F1 hybrids of interspecific cross between Helianthus annuus L. and cultivated sunflower. The investigation of the simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphism was also used to test the hybrid nature of F1 populations. The phenotypic traits of F1 hybrid plants were either closer to the wild species or intermediate. Irregular chromosome pairing was found in only 0 to 10% of meiocytes in the meiosis of F1 hybrid plants. Interspecific crosses were confirmed with SSR markers in all hybrid combinations. Alleles that were not present in parental DNA were frequently observed in F1 hybrids. That is additional evidence that those hybrid combinations were not produced by self-fertilization. The results suggest that SSR markers can be efficiently used for the F1 hybrid characterization in crosses between closely related species, in which, the changes of phenotype, meiosis and pollen vitality are not always significant.

scholarly journals Potential of Wild Relatives of Wheat: Ideal Genetic Resources for Future Breeding Programs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Farzad Kianersi ◽  
Peter Poczai ◽  
Hoda Moradkhani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Close Relatives

Among cereal crops, wheat has been identified as a major source for human food consumption. Wheat breeders require access to new genetic diversity resources to satisfy the demands of a growing human population for more food with a high quality that can be produced in variable environmental conditions. The close relatives of domesticated wheats represent an ideal gene pool for the use of breeders. The genera Aegilops and Triticum are known as the main gene pool of domesticated wheat, including numerous species with different and interesting genomic constitutions. According to the literature, each wild relative harbors useful alleles which can induce resistance to various environmental stresses. Furthermore, progress in genetic and biotechnology sciences has provided accurate information regarding the phylogenetic relationships among species, which consequently opened avenues to reconsider the potential of each wild relative and to provide a context for how we can employ them in future breeding programs. In the present review, we have sought to represent the level of genetic diversity among the wild relatives of wheat, as well as the breeding potential of each wild species that can be used in wheat-breeding programs.

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