scholarly journals Addiction and Smoking Cessation

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Md Delwar Hossain ◽  
SAHM Mesbahul Islam ◽  
Md Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Md Ashfaqul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Kazi Saifuddin Bennoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
The World ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Smoking Trends

Cigarette smoke contains a deadly mix of more than 7,000 chemicals, hundreds are toxic and about 70 can cause cancer. Cigarette smoke can cause serious health problems, numerous diseases and death. Fortunately, people who stop smoking greatly reduce their risk for disease and premature death. Although the health benefits are greater for people who stop at earlier ages, cessation is beneficial at all ages. There are various methods and approaches in quitting smoking. Currently, there are about 1.3 billion smokers the world, most (84%) of them in developing countries.If current smoking trends continue, tobacco will kill 10 million people each year by 2020.Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(1): 30-33

scholarly journals The experience of general practitioners with Very Brief Advice in the treatment of tobacco addiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onno C. P. van Schayck ◽  
Lynn Bindels ◽  
Ancka Nijs ◽  
Bo van Engelen ◽  
Adrienne van den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
Brief Advice

Abstract Although tobacco smoking is the world’s most important preventable cause of many chronic diseases (including COPD and asthma) and premature death, many physicians do not routinely apply smoking cessation in the daily health care of their patients. Two widely felt important concerns of physicians are that smoking cessation as part of a treatment is time-consuming and may jeopardize their relationship with patients. Very Brief Advice (VBA) is a non-confrontational method, which could assist general practitioners (GPs) as a simple, quick first step in getting patients to stop smoking. In this study, we investigated the opinions and experiences of GPs with VBA in their routine care in two rounds of telephone interviews with 19 GPs. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and subsequently analysed with NVivo12. We observed that the GPs had a very positive experience with using VBA. They found the method to be efficient as to the time involved, patient-friendly and easy to implement.

Empowered to stop smoking: The impact of a SDT smoking cessation intervention on economically disadvantaged whites and blacks

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1012-1012
Author(s):  
C. D. Figueroa-Moseley ◽  
G. C. Williams ◽  
G. R. Morrow ◽  
P. Jean-Pierre ◽  
J. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

1012 Background: Few studies have examined the potential influence of an empowering Self Determination Theory (SDT) intervention on reducing smoking behaviors and outcomes for Whites and Blacks. Objectives: To determine if empowerment to stop smoking is associated with smoking outcomes in Whites and Blacks, and to examine if empowerment to stop smoking improved under the SDT Intervention vs. Usual Care conditions. Methods: A longitudinal randomized trial study was conducted to examine the effect of a SDT and health behavior change intervention for tobacco cessation among adult smokers. Participants were randomized into the SDT Intervention or the Usual Care condition. The present study includes data from a sample of 821 Whites and 177 Blacks who completed anonymous surveys at 1, 6, and 18-months intervals on empowerment to stop smoking (Perceived Competence Scale, Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), demographics, and smoking behaviors. Results: Stepwise logistic regressions showed that empowerment to stop smoking was associated with quitting smoking at 1, 6, and 18 month follow-up for both treatment conditions. At one month, participants in the SDT Intervention with the highest levels of empowerment were 6.3 times more likely to quit smoking as compared with those in the usual care condition who were only 3.15 times as likely to quit smoking. Similar findings were found at 6 months and at 18 months (6- month SDT Intervention Empowerment High: (OR = 8.66, 95% C.I. 4.6, 16.3); 6 month Usual Care Empowerment High: (OR = 3.10, 95% C.I. 1.4, 7.0); 18- month SDT Intervention Empowerment High: (OR = 4.10, 95% C.I. 2.2, 7.5); 18 month Usual Care Empowerment High: (OR = 3.11, 95% C.I. 1.3, 7.7). In the SDT Intervention at 6 months being Black increased successful quitting by 2.4 times. Conclusions: Findings indicate that at each time-point the SDT Intervention empowered more participants to stop smoking than usual care alone. Findings also suggest that Blacks may increase their ability to stop smoking in the SDT Intervention condition. These preliminary findings highlight the need to further investigate the possible roles of empowerment interventions in smoking cessation among Whites and Blacks, especially cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Varenicline for Smoking Cessation: a Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
G P Rauniar ◽  
A Mishra ◽  
D P Sarraf
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
First Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death and disability in the world. Although gradually declining in most developed countries, the prevalence of tobacco use has increased among developing countries. Nicotine is an addictive chemical that is inhaled from the tobacco present in the cigarettes. It acts on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors within the ventral tegmental area of the brain, causing dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens which reinforces nicotine-seeking behavior. Reward through the dopaminergic system is a common thread among many drugs of addiction. According to the National Anti-Tobacco Communication Campaign Strategy for Nepal smoking prevalence in Nepal is higher (38.4%) than the smoking prevalence in the world (29%). Smoking attributable annual deaths in Nepal is estimated at nearly 14,000 (9,000 male deaths and 5,000 female deaths) for population aged 35 and over. First-line pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation are varenicline, sustained-release bupropion and various forms of nicotine replacement therapy (i.e., patch, gum, lozenge, inhaler, nasal spray). These drugs can be used as monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of smoking cessation. After studying the outcome of many clinical trials and meta-analysis, it is concluded that cigarette smokers taking varenicline have the most success quitting smoking as compared with those taking other first-line pharmacotherapies for treating smoking cessation.  Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 215-220

Treatment Options in Smoking Cessation: What Place for Bupropion Sustained-Release?

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S2044
Author(s):  
Danielle E McCarthy ◽  
Douglas E Jorenby ◽  
Haruka Minami ◽  
Vivian Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Treatment Of Tobacco Dependence

Bupropion SR is approved for the treatment of tobacco dependence in adult smokers. Bupropion SR is an atypical antidepressant that has been shown to double the likelihood of quitting smoking (to roughly 19%-24% six months into a quit attempt), perhaps by acting on dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and by acting as an antagonist of nicotine acetylcholine receptors. Head-to-head comparisons of bupropion SR and other stop-smoking treatments suggest that bupropion SR is as or more efficacious than nicotine replacement therapies, equally efficacious as nortriptyline, and less efficacious than varenicline. The evidence available regarding the effectiveness of bupropion SR in real-world settings suggests that abstinence rates are similar to those seen in controlled clinical trials. Bupropion SR appears to be safe and efficacious for both men and women and for people with comorbid medical or mental health conditions. Evidence collected to date supports the use of bupropion SR as a safe, tolerable pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among adult smokers without a predisposition to seizures, but also suggests that benefits in terms of abstinence last only as long as treatment continues. This review focuses on recent evidence regarding bupropion SR effects and highlights important questions regarding the duration of effects, relative efficacy, effectiveness in clinical use, mechanisms of action, and utilization of bupropion SR that remain unanswered.

scholarly journals Influence of Dental Pain and Tooth Sensitivity on the Intention to Quit Smoking among Schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazir ◽  
Hassan AlAbdullah ◽  
Muhanad Alhareky ◽  
Asim Al-Ansari ◽  
Jehan Alhumaid
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Pain ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Objective. To evaluate the association between oral health problems and sociodemographic factors with the intention to quit smoking and join the tobacco cessation program among schoolchildren. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 10–12 grade male students from public high schools in different cities of the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Schoolchildren responded to a pilot-tested questionnaire about self-reported oral health problems and the intention to quit smoking. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results. Out of 587 schoolchildren, 199 were smokers with a smoking prevalence of 33.9%. Significantly higher proportions of smokers than nonsmokers had tooth sensitivity (P = 0.029) and dryness of the mouth (P = 0.001). Most smokers (75.9%) had a family history of smoking, and 51.8% started smoking within the last two years. Tooth sensitivity (56.3%), dental cavities (52.8%), and dental pain (44.7%) were highly prevalent among smokers. About one-third of smokers expressed their intention to quit smoking (38.2%) and join a smoking cessation program (33.7%). Tooth sensitivity (OR = 3.7, P = 0.004) and dental pain (OR = 2.84, P = 0.014) were significantly associated with quitting smoking. In addition, smokers with tooth sensitivity (OR = 3.22, P = 0.007) had higher odds of joining a smoking cessation program than those without tooth sensitivity. The smokers who started smoking within the last two years (OR = 3.97, P = 0.002) were more likely to quit smoking than those who initiated smoking for more than two years. Conclusion. Oral health problems were highly prevalent among smokers. Tooth sensitivity was significantly associated with quitting smoking and joining a cessation program in children. The awareness about the adverse effects of smoking on oral health should be part of regional, national, and global tobacco prevention policies and programs.

scholarly journals A review on current therapies and its problems in smoking cessation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3946-3956
Author(s):  
Aravind S R ◽  
Jawahar N ◽  
Senthil V
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
First Line ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
New Treatment

Smoking is likely the most preventable reason for ailments and premature death in the world. In 2010 it was estimated that approximately there are 120 million smokers in India. Around 70% of tobacco smokers are willing to stop, yet just 2-3% prevail with regards to doing so for all time every year. The first line pharmacotherapies normally used for smoking cessation include Nicotine substitution products (gum, transdermal patch, nasal spray, inhaler, and lozenge), varenicline and bupropion. Non-pharmacological therapies such as patient education, Counselling when used by physicians along with pharmacotherapies are found to increase the cessation rates by two folds within a single year. Blend pharmacotherapies are expanding the smoking restraint rates and furthermore lessens the withdrawal manifestations and are demonstrated to be as powerful as monotherapies. Physicians assume a significant job in the smoking discontinuance process. Significant rates of quitting smoking are accomplished when non-pharmacologic help is joined with pharmacological interventions. New treatment options such as nicotine vaccines are found to have better therapeutic effects and abstinence rates on smokers compared to other pharmacotherapies available. This review article deals with the available therapies (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) for smoking cessation along with the limitations and adverse effects associated with different pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation after Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Mota ◽  
Pedro Miguel Sousa ◽  
Francisco Botelho ◽  
Emanuel Carvalho-Dias ◽  
Agostinho Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
High Current ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Introduction: Smoking is an important risk factor for the development, recurrence and progression of bladder cancer. Our aim was to analyze smoking habits after diagnosis in bladder cancer patients. Additionally, we evaluated patient knowledge about smoking as a risk factor and the urologist role in promoting abstinence.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study was performed in bladder cancer patients, diagnosed between January 2013 and September 2015 (n = 160) in Braga Hospital, in Portugal.Results: Smoking history was present in 71.9% of the sample, with 21.9% current smokers, (40.7% of abstinence after diagnosis). Smoking was acknowledged as a risk factor by 74.4% of the sample, with only 51.3% of ever smokers and 24.4% of non-smokers recognizing smoking as the leading risk factor (p = 0.008). The presence of other household smokers were significantly higher in patients who continued smoking (40%) than in ex-smokers after diagnosis (4.2%) (p = 0.005). The majority of smokers at diagnosis (83.1%) were advised to quit by their urologist, but only one smoker (1.7%) was offered any specific intervention to aid in cessation.Discussion: Smoking is not recognized as the leading risk factor for bladder cancer. This limited awareness, associated with the known difficulties in quitting smoking and the observed lack of smoking cessation interventions, may account for the high current smoking prevalence, albeit in line with other studies.Conclusion: This study highlights the need for efficient smoking cessation programs directed to bladder cancer patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating clinical stop-smoking services globally: Proposal for a minimum data set

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Skinner ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Martin Raw ◽  
Emma Anderson ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Stop Smoking Services

AbstractBackground and aimsBehavioural and pharmacological support for smoking cessation improves the chances of success and represents a highly cost-effective way of preventing chronic disease and premature death. There are a large number of clinical stop-smoking services around the world. These could be connected into a global network to provide data to assess what treatment components are most effective, for what populations, in what settings. This requires data to be collected according to a minimum standard set of data items. This paper sets out a proposal for this global minimum data set.MethodsWe reviewed sets of data items used in clinical services that have already benefited from standardised approaches to using data. We identified client and treatment data items that may directly or indirectly influence outcome, and outcome variables that were practicable to obtain in clinical practice. We then consulted service providers in countries that may have an interest in taking part in a global network of smoking cessation services, and revised the sets of data items according to their feedback.ResultsThree sets of data items are proposed. The first is a set of features characterising treatments offered by a service. The second is a core set of data items describing clients’ characteristics, engagement with the service, and outcomes. The third is an extended set of client data items to be captured in addition to the core data items wherever resources permit.ConclusionsWe propose minimum standards for capturing data from clinical smoking cessation services globally. This could provide a basis for meaningful evaluations of different smoking cessation treatments in different populations in a variety of settings across many countries.

Un Kilo de Ayuda

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Gugerty ◽  
Dean Karlan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Program Monitoring ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

This case explores two common challenges facing organizations around the world: how to collect the right amount of data, and how to credibly use outcome data collected during program monitoring. Health promoters at Un Kilo de Ayuda (UKA) in Mexico use regularly collected health data on more than 50,000 children to structure their work, track their progress, and identify at-risk children in time to treat health problems. In this case, readers will assess the tradeoffs between actionability and responsibility that UKA faces in determining how much data to collect. They will also examine the challenges of monitoring data on a program’s outcomes instead of outputs, particularly when it comes to asserting a program’s impact on those outcomes. Finally, readers will propose ways to generate credible data on one of the organization’s programs when plans for an impact evaluation fall through.

scholarly journals Creating Standardized Tools for the Pharmacist-Led Assessment and Pharmacologic Management of Adult Canadians Wishing to Quit Smoking: A Consensus-Based Approach

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Kristi Butt ◽  
Nardine Nakhla
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Documentation Form

Tobacco use continues to be recognized as the single most preventable cause of death worldwide. As the gatekeepers of and experts on pharmacotherapy, pharmacists play a vital role in facilitating smoking cessation. While existing frameworks have enabled pharmacists to provide smoking cessation services in Canada for many years, the way in which they are delivered vary considerably across the nation. The purpose of this initiative was to create standardized tools for the pharmacists providing cessation services to ensure all Canadians wishing to stop smoking have equal access to consistent, evidence-based care. An iterative process using repeated rounds of voting was employed to establish consensus among key opinion leaders on the most important items to include in tools for the pharmacist-led assessment and pharmacologic management of Canadian adults wishing to stop smoking. The results were used to create eight standardized documents for national use by pharmacists: a readiness to quit assessment tool, a patient consent form, a patient assessment form for past users of tobacco and/or tobacco-like products, a patient assessment form for current users of tobacco and/or tobacco-like products, a treatment algorithm, a treatment plan summary form, a prescribing documentation form, and a follow-up & monitoring documentation form. Although not described in detail in these documents, other strategies for smoking cessation (e.g., non-pharmacologic strategies (including quitting “cold turkey” and behavioural interventions), harm reduction strategies, etc.) should be considered when pharmacotherapy is inappropriate or undesired; care should be individualized based on a patient’s previous experiences and current motivation. No single approach to treatment is endorsed by the authors. The consensus-based approach described here provides a suggested framework for harmonizing the pharmacist-led management of other ailments to optimize patient care.

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