Effects of different environmental pollutants on the anatomical features of roadside plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-351
Author(s):  
KJ Mitu ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
P Biswas ◽  
S Marzia ◽  
MA Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Roadside Plants

Experiments were conducted in order to investigate anatomical changes in leaves and stems of roadsides plants namely Mango (Mangifera indica), SilKoroi (Albizia procera) and Mahagony (Sweatenia mahogany). Plants that grown nearby roadside areas were exposed to various kinds of pollutants. To carry out the experiment, samples (Fresh leaves and Stems) were collected from two polluted sites and one control site. For anatomical study leaves and stems were cut into sections in the laboratory and changes were identified under the light microscopy. Results revealed that leaves of selected roadside plants had reduced cell size with black dot like substance deposited in the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma in the polluted sites. But leaves of control site plants had normal anatomy. Meanwhile stem showed changes in vascular bundle of pollution affected sites but no change was found in control site. These results highlighted the importance of anatomical data for precious diagnosis of injury and to determine the sensitivity of roadside plants to different environmental pollutants. Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 344-351, 2019

scholarly journals Comparative anatomical study of leaf tissues of scab resistant and susceptible apple cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Varga ◽  
L. Udvardy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Cell Thickness

According to previous studies some anatomical features seem to be connected with resistance or susceptibility to scab caused by Venturia ineaqulis (Cke./Wint.) in case of a given cultivar. Study of leaf anatomy of three scab resistant (‘Prima’, ‘Florina’, MR–12) and two susceptible (‘Watson Jonathan’, ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’) apple cultivars have been made. Preserved preparations made of leaves has been studied by light microscope. Studied parameters were: thickness of leaf blade, thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma, thickness of epidermal cells, thickness of the cuticle. By measuring leaf thickness and epidermal cell thickness visible differences appeared in certain cultivars, while most conspicuous difference has been shown in thickness of the cuticle.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

scholarly journals Application of brassinosteroid to Tabebuia alba (Bignoniaceae) plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH ORIKA ONO ◽  
TERUKO NAKAMURA ◽  
SÍLVIA RODRIGUES MACHADO ◽  
JOÃO DOMINGOS RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma

The objective of this study was to observe the effects of brassinosteroid, gibberelin, and auxin application on the development and foliar anatomy of Tabebuia alba (Cham.) Sandw. seedlings. T. alba seedlings were grown in plastic bags with fertilized soil and treated with the following: 1- water (control); 2- brassinolide (BR1) 0.104 mM; 3- BR1 0.208 mM; 4- 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) 0.2854 mM; 5- IAA 0.5708 mM; 6- GA3 (gibberellin A3) 0.1443 mM; 7- GA3 0.2887 mM; 8- GA3 0.072 mM + IAA 0.1427 mM; 9- GA3 0.1443 mM + IAA 0.2854 mM; 10- GA3 0.072 mM + BR1 0.052 mM; and 11- GA3 0.1443 mM + BR1 0.104 mM. Plant height and petiole length were measured before the treatments and 21 days after application of the growth regulators. These data allowed the calculation of stem and petiole growth rates. The results showed that GA3 + brassinolide produced the highest stem and petiole growth rates and brassinolide application stimulated petiole growth but not stem growth. The anatomical study of leaves showed alterations in blade and petiole thickness, palisade and spongy parenchyma height, and epidermis cells.

Wood anatomy of the neotropical liana lineage Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-300
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Chery ◽  
Israel L. da Cunha Neto ◽  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The liana genus Paullinia L. is one of the most speciose in the neotropics and is unusual in its diversity of stem macromorphologies and cambial conformations. These so-called “vascular cambial variants” are morphologically disparate, evolutionarily labile, and are implicated in injury repair and flexibility. In this study, we explore at the finer scale how wood anatomy translates into functions related to the climbing habit. We present the wood anatomy of Paullinia and discuss the functional implications of key anatomical features. Wood anatomy characters were surveyed for 21 Paullinia species through detailed anatomical study. Paullinia woods have dimorphic vessels, rays of two size classes, and both septate and non-septate fibers. Fibriform vessels, fusiform axial parenchyma, and elements morphologically intermediate between fibers and axial parenchyma were observed. Prismatic crystals are common in the axial and/or ray parenchyma, and laticifers are present in the cortex and/or the early-formed secondary phloem. Some features appear as unique to Paullinia or the Sapindaceae, such as the paucity of axial parenchyma and the abundance of starch storing fibers. Although many features are conserved across the genus, the Paullinia wood anatomy converges on several features of the liana-specific functional anatomy expressed across distantly related lianas, demonstrating an example of convergent evolution. Hence, the conservation of wood anatomy in Paullinia suggests a combination of phylogenetic constraint as a member of Sapindaceae and functional constraint from the liana habit.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact On Morphological and Anatomical Structure of Ricinus communis L. Leaves Growing in Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Belai Meeta Singh Suwal ◽  
Ratna Silwal Gautam ◽  
Dikshya Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

The current study was done to examine the impact of environmental pollution on morphology and anatomy of leaf of Ricinus communis L. of Kathmandu. The comparative study was done between the plants of high polluted sites i.e Ringroad sides and less polluted sites i.e Raniban forest of Kathmandu. The plants from both sites showed visible morphological and anatomical changes in leaves. These both study sites were found with similar soil factors and climatic factors. Reductions in some morphological and anatomical features were observed in leaves growing in highly polluted site. Reduction in leaf area, petiole length, thickness of palisade layer and thickness of spongy parenchyma was noticed in the leaves from highly polluted sites of Kathmandu. Other morphological and anatomical features such as leaf dry mass content, stomata frequency, thickness of cuticle and size of epidermal cells were noticed to be increased in leaves from highly polluted sites. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 274-278  

scholarly journals Novelties in secretory structures and anatomy of Rhynchosia(Fabaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANDERLEIA DE VARGAS ◽  
ÂNGELA L.B. SARTORI ◽  
EDNA S. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

A comparative anatomical study was carried out on the secretory structures of leaflets from taxa belonging to the genus Rhynchosia - taxa difficult to delimit because of uncertain interspecific relations - in order to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of these anatomical traits for taxonomic assignment. A further objective was to establish consensual denomination for these secretory structures. The new anatomical features found in these taxa were sufficiently consistent to separate the species evaluated. The presence and localization of glandular-punctate structures bulbous-based trichomes, the number of layers in the palisade parenchyma and the arrangement of vascular units distinguish the taxa investigated and these characteristics can be extended to other species of Papilionoideae. The trichomes analyzed were described and classified into five types. Depicted in diagrams, photomicrographs, and by scanning electron microscopy, and listed for the first time at the genus and species levels. The information obtained served to effectively distinguish the taxa investigated among species of Papilonoideae.

scholarly journals Ulva compressa from Copper-Polluted Sites Exhibits Intracellular Copper Accumulation, Increased Expression of Metallothioneins and Copper-Containing Nanoparticles in Chloroplasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10531
Author(s):  
Daniela Espinoza ◽  
Alberto González ◽  
Jaime Pizarro ◽  
Rodrigo Segura ◽  
Daniel Laporte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ulva Compressa ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Intracellular Copper

In order to analyze the mechanisms involved in copper accumulation in Ulva compressa, algae were collected at control sites of central and northern Chile, and at two copper-polluted sites of northern Chile. The level of intracellular copper, reduced glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs), PC2 and PC4, and transcripts encoding metallothioneins (MTs) of U. compressa, UcMT1, UcMT2 and UcMT3, were determined. Algae of control sites contained around 20 g of copper g−1 of dry tissue (DT) whereas algae of copper-polluted sites contained 260 and 272 g of copper g−1 of DT. Algae of control sites and copper-polluted sites did not show detectable amounts of GSH, the level of PC2 did not change among sites whereas PC4 was increased in one of the copper-polluted sites. The level of transcripts of UcMT1 and UcMT2 were increased in algae of copper-polluted sites, but the level of UcMT3 did not change. Algae of a control site and a copper-polluted site were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the existence of copper in electrodense particles was analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Algae of copper-polluted sites showed electrodense nanoparticles containing copper in the chloroplasts, whereas algae of control sites did not. Algae of a control site, Cachagua, were cultivated without copper (control) and with 10 M copper for 5 days and they were analyzed by TEM-EDXS. Algae cultivated with copper showed copper-containing nanoparticles in the chloroplast whereas control algae did not. Thus, U. compressa from copper-polluted sites exhibits intracellular copper accumulation, an increase in the level of PC4 and expression of UcMTs, and the accumulation of copper-containing particles in chloroplasts.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENCEMARAN DEBU SEMEN PADA STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI DAUN BEBERAPA JENIS TANAMAN BERDAUN LEBAR

Bio-Lectura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Ahmad Taufiq ◽  
Sasmita Yuliza ◽  
Alponsin ◽  
Zuhri Syam
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

The stomatal features of the leaves of several species of various life forms that grow around the cement factory are investigated with the aim of examining the anatomical modifications of the leaves which increase their tolerance and survival in the presence of cement dust pollution. In addition, the chlorophyll content in the leaves has also been examined. In comparison, the same study has also been carried out for the composition of the same species in unaffected locations. Three different life forms of the plant were investigated over two sites: trees, represented by Polyalthia longifolia, Acacia auriculiformis, Persea americana, and Mangifera indica; shrubs by Syzygium myrtifolium, and Ixora javanica; and herbs by Rhoe and Aglaonema. The average stomata density in the affected area was 173.16 /mm2, while it could reach 244.96 /mm2 at the control site. The same trend was also shown by the chlorophyll content. The Independent T-test revealed a significant difference (p-value = 0.037). Adaptability in terms of having chlorophyll content from all three life forms at different sites was also available in this discussion. Herbs has the greatest difference between sites (0.33 μg/mL), followed by shrubs (0.31 μg/mL) and then trees (0.2 μg/mL). The Two way ANOVA test showed that both life forms and sites significantly influenced the content of chlorophyll (p-value = 0.00). However, there was no interaction between sites and life forms in influencing chlorophyll content (p value=0.652). In conclusion, In all three life forms, either stomatal density or chlorophyll content decreases with pollution.

EFFECT OF VEHICULAR EMMISSION ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND STOMATA OF SELECTED TREES ALONG ZARIA-KADUNA HIGHWAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Usman Hassan ◽  
L. Upahi ◽  
M. B. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polluted Sites

Biochemical and stomatal studies were conducted on selected trees along Zaria-Kaduna highway to determine their pollution tolerance level. The sites were chosen to emphasize exposure to vehicular emission pollution (VEP) and non-exposure to vehicular emission pollutants (NEP). Biochemical parameters analyzed where based on the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) which prioritizes four biochemical parameters, namely ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH and relative water content (RWC), for pollution tolerance. Ascorbic acid and RWC were higher in plants at the polluted site with Mangifera indica showing the highest increase of 1.2mg/g while total chlorophyll decreased most significantly in Ficus polita of about 4.1mg/g.   Results from stomata studies reveal a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in stomatal size and stomatal index for all the trees at the polluted sites. Stomata was generally found to significantly decrease in size or increase in density for plants at the polluted sites. Results computed for APTI show M. indica (24), Anarcardium occidentale (24.1), Eucalyptus cameldulensis (17.1) and Senna siamea (18.6) having the best APTI which indicate their possible tolerance to air pollution stress while Azadirachta indica (14.4),  Ficus polita (13), G. arborea (9.4), T. catapa (15.2), Parkia biglobosa (13.4), and Tamarindus  indica (9.9) were found to be sensitive. M. indica and A. occidentale had the best APTI indices which indicate that these plants could serve as sinks in absorbing air pollutants

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