An evaluation of the protein quality of some macedonian edible Boletaceae mushrooms

Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2001.47.004 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Biljana Bauer Petrovska

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Fruit Body ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Biological Value

The nutritional quality of mushroom protein varies and is strongly affected by the relative proportion of each amino acid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the concentration of the amino acids present in mushroom proteins in order to evaluate the protein nutritional value. In this investigation fifteen field-collected mushroom samples of the Boletaceae family from various parts of Macedonia were included. After acid hydrolysis and pre-column derivatisation with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) determination of seventeen amino acids was carried out by the HPLC method. Tryptophan was determined spectophotometrically in the alkaline hydrolysates. The dietary protein quality of the investigated mushrooms was evaluated by comparison of the essential amino acid content with the reference FAO/WHO pattern. Essential amino acids made up 47-75 % of all determined amino acids depending on the origin and the species of the fruit body. Lysine was the most often found limiting amino acid in the investigated mushrooms samples. The nutritional value of proteins calculated by biological value, protein ratio, chemical score and essential amino acid index was very high in the majority of mushrooms studied. The biological value of the mushroom protein varied from 51.3 to 78.9 %. Protein amino acids accounted for about 66.7 % of the total nitrogen, suggesting that a practical nitrogen to protein conversion factor for this Macedonian edible Boletaceae mushroom may be considered to be about 4.17 on average.

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Meat protein quality of Dormitator latifrons (Pisces: Eleotridae): arguments for use by rural communities

Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios ◽

10.19136/era.a7n1.2172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mao Ernesto Rafael Basto-Rosales ◽

Olimpia Carrillo-Farnés ◽

Cynthia Eugenia Montoya-Martínez ◽

Daniel Badillo-Zapata ◽

Gustavo Gustavo Rodríguez-Montes de Oca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Meat Protein ◽

Reference Protein

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of meat protein of Dormitator latifrons for humans based on its Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). Wild and cultured specimens were evaluated for amino acid content using HPLC equipment. The calculation of PDCAAS was performed as follows: milligrams of essential amino acid in 1 g of test protein per milligram of the same amino acid in 1 g of reference protein per true digestibility. To evaluate the protein of D. latifrons in relation to that of other fish, PDCAAS was calculated from the proteins of eight fish usually used in human nutrition. D. latifrons has a good essential amino acid profile, providing the same nutritional quality as those of other fish. Although the meat of wild D. latifrons contributes only 73% of human lysine requirements, it can be complemented with other lysine sources.

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Assessment of the nutritional quality of proteins: the use of ‘ileal’ digestibilities of amino acids as measures of their availabilities

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19790071 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 559-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

S. C. Achinewhu ◽

D. Hewitt

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Amino Acid Availability ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Bean Protein

1. A comparative study was made of two biological techniques for assessing protein quality in wheat and barley, and in a soya-bean-protein isolate both as received, and after being heat damaged by autoclaving. Amino acid digestibility was determined by the ‘ileal’ analysis technique while amino acid availability was measured in growth assays. Some chemical and microbiological tests were also done.2. Heat treatment of the soya-bean-protein isolate caused little change in amino acid composition but the digestibility of all amino acids and the availability of lysine and methionine were severely reduced, lysine being most affected. The reduced availability of lysine was not entirely attributable to impaired digestibility.3. The amino acids in wheat and barley were highly digestible. The availability of methionine and lysine in barley and of methionine in wheat was high, whereas the availability of lysine in wheat was apparently much lower.4. The results showed that for methionine, digestibility values are a fair measure of the availability. In heat-damaged soya-bean-protein isolate however, digestibility of lysine over-estimated the availability, indicating that amino acid digestibility may sometimes provide a misleading indication of nutritional value.

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Protein Quality of Rations for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Containing Oilseed Meals

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n2p82 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

James G. Kirimi ◽

Levi M. Musalia ◽

Adiel Magana ◽

Jonathan M. Munguti

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Control Diet ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Sunflower Meal

Considering price as the main limiting factor in the use of animal proteins, this study evaluated the protein quality of diets for Nile tilapia containing oilseed meals as replacements of fishmeal. A control diet (FMBD) (30% crude protein and 2900 Kcal DE/kg) was formulated using fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) and sunflower meal (SFM). The test diets SBBD, CMBD and SFBD were formulated by replacing 10% CP of FM by SBM, CM and SFM, respectively. The amino acid profile was determined by MPA FT-NIR spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). Fishmeal recorded higher levels (p < 0.05) of lysine (7.81 mg/100 g), methionine (2.89 mg/100 g), arginine (5.87 mg/100 g), threonine (4.28 mg/100 g) and isoleucine (4.55 mg/100 g). The chemical score for all essential amino acid in fishmeal were higher than 100. Sunflower meal was a superior (p < 0.05) protein source with an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 1.14 compared to CM (0.80) and SBM (0.70). Substituting FM with SBM, CM or SFM, reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of all amino acids apart from methionine which was increased (p < 0.05) in the diet with SBM substitute. In all diets, methionine and isoleucine were the first and second limiting amino acids, respectively. Though the diet containing FM exhibited higher (p < 0.05) EAAI (0.97), it was not satisfactory because it was limiting in methionine. The EAAI reduced (p < 0.05) with replacement of fishmeal by SBM (0.78), CM (0.77) and SFM (0.76). The study showed that the control diet had good quality protein and substitution with SBM, CM and SFM gave useful protein diets.

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Comparative Analysis of Minerals, Heavy Metals and Amino Acids Compositions of the Seeds and Juice of Cucumis metuliferus

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2020/v6i430126 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-42

Author(s):

Onuabuchi Nnenna Ani ◽

Cosmas Ezekaibeya Achikanu ◽

Chukwuebuka Kenechukwu Onyishi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Food Supplement

The aim of this study was to compare the minerals, heavy metals and amino acids compositions of the seeds and juice of Cucumis metuliferus. The minerals and heavy metals content were evaluated using FS240AA agilent atomic absorption spectrometer according to the method of American Public Health Association while the amino acids content was evaluated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the mineral analysis, concentrations of calcium (23.416 ppm), aluminum (0.094 ppm), manganese (0.242 ppm) and iron (1.243 ppm) were higher in the juice than in the seeds with respective values of 20.084 ppm, 0.079 ppm, 0.221 ppm and 0.934 ppm while the concentrations of magnesium (29.749 ppm), zinc (4.184 ppm), copper (0.125 ppm), sodium (8.927 ppm) and potassium (7.594 ppm) were higher in the seeds than in the juice with respective values of 20.592 ppm, 1.271 ppm, 0.030 ppm, 8.594 ppm and 6.833 ppm. The juice had higher concentrations of heavy metals such as arsenic (20.082 ppm), lead (4.135 ppm), cobalt (0.178 ppm), silver (0.074 ppm), selenium (7.246 ppm) and mercury (4.609 ppm) as against the seed with respective values of 0.578 ppm, 1.455 ppm while cobalt, silver, selenium and mercury were not detected. However, the concentrations of cadmium (0.389 ppm), chromium (0.545 ppm) and nickel (0.288 ppm) were higher in the seeds than in the juice with respective values of 0.082 ppm, 0.252 ppm and 0.016 ppm. From the result of amino acid analysis, 18 amino acids were found in both the seeds and juice which include 9 essential and 9 non-essential amino acids respectively. The qualitative composition of amino acids in both the seeds and the juice was same, but the quantitative contents differed although non-significantly from each other with prevalence of amino acids in the seeds. Aspartate was the most abundant of the amino acids found while cysteine was the least. These results suggest that the seeds and juice of Cucumis metuliferus contain adequate essential minerals which are beneficial to human health. The contaminant levels of heavy metals highlights the necessity on the quality and safety concerns about their use and handling. The amino acids analysis showed that both the seeds and juice of Cucumis metuliferus are good sources of amino acid and could be used as food supplement. The amino acid content may also provide useful information for determination of the protein quality of Cucumis metuliferus.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF FORAGE BEANS PROTEIN QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKEN FEEDING

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ◽

10.24143/1812-9498-2017-1-85-89 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

Svetlana Nikolaevna Ivanova

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Mean Value ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Biological Value ◽

Vital Functions

The article focuses on protein content and amino acid composition in different varieties of forage beans (Istok, Maria, Uzunovskie, Alfred), which are used in fodder of the farm poultry. Among them, there was studied a limiting factor - methionine, cysteine and lysine content. Portion of crude protein in the studied varieties of forage beans made between 24.7% (Alfred variety) - 27.9% (Maria variety), mean value made 26.3%. According to absolute portion of amino acids, Istok variety stands out among the rest. Amount of essential amino acids in crude protein is mean 44.32% with great instability of values: from 36.6 to 49.6%. The ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids (amino acid index) is an average of 0.53. Biological value of forage beans samples varied from 45.7% (Maria variety) to 52.8% (Istok variety), an average value made 49.9%. A comparative analysis of amino acid content of forage beans and eggs showed low biological value of forage beans due to the shortage of amino acids, particularly sulphur bearing ones: methionine and cysteine. Taking into account the fact that the better protein in the fodder meets the animals’ need in amino acids, the more of it is used to support vital functions of the organism, maximum fertility. In order to increase biological value of forage beans it is necessary to select varieties with greater content of essential amino acids, especially, limiting ones.

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Species Variations in the Proximate Composition, Amino Acid Profile, and Protein Quality of the Muscle Tissue of Grass Carp, Bighead Carp, Siberian Sturgeon, and Wels Catfish

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/2625401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Renata Pyz-Łukasik ◽

Waldemar Paszkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Fish Species ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Energy Value

This study determined the proximate composition, energy value, amino acid profile, and protein quality of the muscle tissue of four food fish species. The fish analyzed contained 78.90–69.89% water, 18.25–15.69% protein, and 2.28–12.57% fat. The energy value of the muscle tissue ranged from 93.50 to 175.83 kcal/100 g. The contents of amino acids in 100 g of protein were 47.64–45.86 g for total essential amino acids (TEAA), 52.36–54.14 g for total neutral amino acids (TNAA), 3.14–2.25 g for total sulphur amino acids (TSAA), and 7.23–7.81 g for total aromatic amino acids (TArAA). The essential amino acid (EAA) composition of the fish was compared with the standard protein, and Chemical Score (CS), Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS), and Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI) were calculated. The quality of the muscle tissue proteins of all four fish species was high. These fish can constitute a healthy addition to the human diet.

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Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 4972

Author(s):

Lata Birlangi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Date Palm ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Palm Fruits ◽

Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

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EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME ON THE QUALITY OF SMOKED HETEROCLARIAS

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] ◽

10.24200/jams.vol25iss2pp30-38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Ayodeji Ahmed Ayeloja ◽

W. A. Jimoh ◽

T. O. Uthman ◽

M. O. Shittu

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Storage Time ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Storage Period ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Average Weight ◽

Duration Of Storage

Effect of storage time on the quality of smoked heteroclarias was studied. 108 samples of heteroclarias (average weight 210 + 15g) was used. Analysis carried out include: proximate, mineral composition (Ca, Na, Fe and Mg), biochemical, amino acid and sensory evaluation. Data obtained was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the sensory data was subjected to nonparametric test (Kruskal Wallis test). Smoked heteroclarias have good nutritional quality in terms of proximate, mineral and amino acids all of which decrease with increase in duration of storage at ambient temperatures. Glutamic acid was the most predominant amino acid and the highest non-essential amino acid (NEEA), lysine was the most predominant EAA. There was higher concentration of non-essential amino acids than essential amino acids, EAA/NEAA ratio (0.86 – 0.93) recorded indicates that the fish have excellent protein quality; its the predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) ranged between 3.44-3.61 and its biological value ranged between 79.84 -75.04. Its chemical score and TEAA decrease with increase in storage time. Its texture quality reduced significantly (χ2 = 12.207, p<0.01) with increased storage period. It is therefore recommended that smoked heteroclarias be consumed as soon as it is smoked and regularly for good healthy conditions especially among children, aged and other vulnerable groups.

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