scholarly journals Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of periodontitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liljana Bogdanovska ◽  
Silvana Kukeska ◽  
Mirjana Popovska ◽  
Rumenka Petkovska ◽  
Katerina Goracinova
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
Supporting Structures ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process which affects the tooth - supporting structures of the teeth. The disease is initiated by subgingival periopathogenic bacteria in susceptible periodontal sites. The host immune response towards periodontal pathogens helps to sustain periodontal disease and eventual alveolar bone loss. Although scaling and root planing is the standard treatment modality for periodontitis, it suffers from several drawbacks such as the inability to reach the base of deep pockets and doesn’t arrest migration of periodontal pathogens from other sites in the oral cavity. In order to overcome the limitations of scaling and root planning, adjunctive chemotherapeutics and host modulatory agents to the treatment are used. These therapeutic agents show substantial beneficial effects when compared to scaling and root planning alone. This review will cover an update on chemotherapeutic and past and future host immune modulatory agents used adjunctively to treat and manage periodontal diseases.

The Evaluation of Chinese Herbal Medicine Effectiveness on Periodontal Pathogens

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Chan ◽  
Chern-Hsiung Lai ◽  
Hui-Wen Yang ◽  
Yuh-Yie Lin ◽  
Chi-Ho Chan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicines ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal medicines in treating periodontal diseases. Three Chinese herbal composites [Conth Su (CS), Chi Tong Ning (CTN) and Xi Gua Shuang (XGS)], widely used for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases, and the major components of these composites were tested for their ability to: (1) alleviate disease progression of experimental periodontitis in hamsters, (2) inhibit bacterial growth, and (3) induce mutations. Our results indicate that in treating experimental periodontitis, there were no significant differences between the animal groups with or without the use of Chinese herbal medicines in terms of the degree of inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and rate of repair. However, hamsters treated with CS presented earlier regenerative epithelium. CTN demonstrated superior bacterial inhibition ability among all tested herbs (MIC 0.025 g/ml); CS showed good anti-bacterial abilities at a concentration of 0.05 g/ml. It is interesting to note that while both CS and CTN were capable of inhibiting bacterial growth, none of the individual herb components showed comparable bacterial inhibition abilities. None of the tested herbal composites or their components showed signs of inducing cell mutations using the Ames test. These results indicated that traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which have been used to treat periodontal diseases for hundreds of years by Chinese people, can effectively inhibit bacterial growth without causing cell mutation. Further investigation into their possible clinical applications in periodontal therapy is encouraged.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the adjunctive use of ozone and chlorhexidine in patients with chronic periodontitis

BDJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveri Kranti Gandhi ◽  
Emil G. Cappetta ◽  
Rajdeep Pavaskar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning

Abstract Background Scaling and root planning (SRP) is the gold standard approach for treatment of chronic periodontitis but used alone it may not be effective in removing periodontal pathogens from sites where access is poor. Objective To evaluate and compare the clinical and microbiological efficacy of ozone and chlorhexidine (CHX) as an adjunct to SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods Twenty-five patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis with presence of at least one site in each quadrant with a probing depth ≥5 mm were recruited. In a split mouth study design, two quadrants were randomly allocated to the SRP and ozone therapy and the remaining two quadrants to SRP and CHX therapy. Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained for assessment of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Results Both groups demonstrated significant intragroup reduction in PI, GI, PD, CAL, Pg count and Aa count from baseline to 3 months follow-up. There were no significant differences between two groups for any of the parameters. Conclusion Ozonated olive oil can be used as an adjunctive subgingival irrigant in patients with chronic periodontitis.

FORMULATION OF 0.5%AZITHROMYCIN GEL AS LOCAL DRUG DELIVERY AGENT FOR PERIODONTAL THERAPY- INVITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Kranthi Kosuru ◽  
Abhishek Reddy ◽  
Vinuthna Vinuthna ◽  
V.Shakuntala Soujanya ◽  
Durgakeerthi. P
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Release Study ◽  
Therapy Studies ◽  
Root Planning

Context: Non surgical periodontal therapy is the gold standard treatment for periodontitis. But the invasive nature of subgingival microorganisms makes the use of antimicrobials inevitable. These antimicrobials can be used systemically and locally. Due the side effects posed by systemic administration of antibiotics local drug delivery is more favourable. Various local drug delivery agents are commercially available for periodontal therapy. Studies have shown that azithromycin is effective against periodontal pathogens so, it can be used in periodontitis treatment. But the use of azithromycin as local drug delivery agent is rare. Aims: The present study aims at formulation of 0.5% azithromycin gel as local drug delivery agent for periodontal therapy with PLGA as vehicle and invitro drug release evaluation in articial saliva. Settings and Design: Formulation of 0.5%azithromycin was done and articial saliva prepared. Azithromycin gel was placed in a dialysis tube. The dialysis tube was then placed in a beaker containing 100ml of articial Saliva. A total of eight samples were collected for a period of seven days. The amount of drug release was estimated using HPLC. Results: The results showed that the concentration of azithromycin in samples collected was greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration of most the periodontal pathogens. Conclusions:The formulation of 0.5% azithromycin can be used as local drug delivery agent adjunct to scaling and root planning.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Various Aspects of Periodontal Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Jacob ◽  
Sajith Vellappally ◽  
Jindra Šmejkalová
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Tobacco is one of the most important risk factors for oral diseases, including oral cancer, oral mucosal lesions and periodontal diseases. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the risk of oral diseases increases with frequent use of tobacco and that quitting smoking results in reduced risk. In this article, the influence of cigarette smoking on the periodontium will be discussed, giving importance to the effects on immune responses, alveolar bone loss, periodontal pathogens and briefly outlining the negative effects of smoking on wound healing and periodontal treatment procedures.

Dental Investigations: Efficiency of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Moderate Chronic Periodontitis

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoaneta M. Mlachkova ◽  
Christina L. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chronic periodontitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth caused by microorganisms in the dental biofilm, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation and gingival recession. Treatment of chronic periodontitis aims at arresting the inflammation and stopping the loss of attachment by removal and control of the supra- and subgingival biofilm and establishing a local environment and microflora compatible with periodontal health. The AIM of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical therapy (scaling and root planning) in the treatment of moderate chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 30 patients aged between 33 and 75 years, of which 46.7% women and 53.3% men, diagnosed with moderate and, at some sites, severe periodontitis. They were treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy methods (scaling and root planning and curettage if indicated). Additionally, chemical plaque control with rinse water containing chlorhexidine was applied. The diagnostic and reassessment procedures included measuring the periodontal indices of 601 periodontal units before and after the therapy. The indices measured were the papillary bleeding index (PBI), the hygiene index (HI), the probing pocket depth (PPD) and the clinical attachment level (CAL). RESULTS: Significant reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation was found in all treated patients; we also found a statistically significant reduction of periodontal pockets with clinically measured depth ⋋ 5 mm (PD ⋋ 5 mm). Pockets with PD > 5 mm did not show statistically significant lower incidence rates probably due to the initially small percentage of deep pockets in the patients studied. There was a statistically significant reduction of all sites with attachment loss, the highest significance found at sites where the attachment loss was greater than 5 mm. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that nonsurgical periodontal therapy is effective in managing the moderate chronic periodontitis. Given a good patient compliance, the antimicrobial periodontal therapy can be quite efficient in arresting the inflammatory process and reducing the depth of periodontal pockets; it can also achieve a stable attachment loss level and obviate the need to use a surgical periodontal treatment modality.

scholarly journals Diode Laser Has an Additional Benefit When Used with Conventional Scaling and Root Planning for Chronic Periodontitis Treatment - Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 2548-2553
Author(s):  
Himanshu Deswal ◽  
Amit Bhardwaj ◽  
Harpreet Singh Grover
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Root Planing ◽  
Laser Group ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning

BACKGROUND Almost 47 % of the population over the age group of 30 is affected by chronic periodontitis. Although the first and gold standard therapy in periodontal treatment is scaling and root planing (SRP), which is a non-surgical approach towards treatment, yet another therapy for the treatment of chronic periodontitis is to irradiate the periodontal pockets with laser. The purpose of this study was to confirm as to whether the use of diode laser (800 – 980 nm) as adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) improved the results of conventional mechanotherapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis patients. METHODS In this study we designed our groups in such a way that 40 patients (20 males and 20 females) with two deepest nonadjacent pockets ≥ 5mm in two different quadrants were selected. In this study each treatment group belonged to a separate quadrant of the mouth. One group was allotted to SRP group while the second one was allotted to SRP + Diode Laser group. Clinical parameters like (Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) in chronic periodontitis patients were measured and evaluated at baseline, after 1 month and after 3 months of the treatment. Statistical analysis was also done intra group and inter group. RESULTS From this we infer that PPD was significantly reduced in SRP and SRP + Diode laser groups from baseline and post 1 month (P < 0.001), between baseline and post 3 months (P < 0.001) and between 1 month and 3 months (P < 0.001). There was also significant improvement in CAL in SRP and SRP + Diode Laser groups from baseline and post 1 month (P < 0.0001), between baseline and post 3 months (P < 0.0001) and between 1 month and 3 months (P < 0.0001). BOP also reduced in SRP and SRP + Diode Laser group from baseline. When SRP and SRP + Diode laser groups were compared they showed non statistically significant results but individually both the groups showed statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that, comparison of SRP alone group which is a conventional method with SRP as adjunct to Diode laser group i.e., a non-surgical approach showed improvement of CAL and also reduction in PPD and BOP for the treatment of chronic periodontitis patients. KEY WORDS Periodontitis, Laser, Scaling and Root Planing, Adjunct Therapy, Diode Laser

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTICS AS AN ADJUNCT IN PERIODONTAL CARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Jurgita Vazgytė ◽  
Ieva Vaškelytė ◽  
Urtė Marija Sakalauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Bacterial Recolonization ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance of the problem. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease related with dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Treatment of periodontitis aims to prevent further disease progression, to minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly to restore lost tissues and to support patients in maintaining a healthy periodontium. Scaling and root planning (SRP) is the gold standard for the treatment of periodontitis. For the reduction in bacterial recolonization probiotics have been suggested as promising agents not only to retard recolonization, but also to increase the number of beneficial bacteria and to modulate immunological parameters in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Aim of the work. To find out and assess the data of clinical trials that proposes clinical outcomes of the adjunctive use of probiotic for 3 months after SRP in comparison to SRP combined with a placebo. Tasks: 1) ascertain and assess the recolonization of bacteria after active treatment of periodontitis; 2) clarify and evaluate clinical variables improvement after the usage of local adjunctives; 3) find out and assess the distinction between different probiotics strains. Material and methods. This literature review has been carried out in accordance with the PRISMA Statement [23]. Electronic literature review was performed using MEDLINE and ELSEVIER databases and the selection of the articles, published in English between 2010 and 2020 year. The search for publications was based on keywords and their combinations: chronic periodontitis, scaling and root planning, adjunct care, probiotics, supplements. Results. This literature review includes eight suitable studies that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions. The qualitative findings of the studies showed that major part of the included trials reported significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters in periodontitis patients with the adjunctive use of probiotics compared with control group. 75 % of included studies made with L. reuteri found probiotic containing L. reuteri usage as an adjunct therapy to be significant in the improvement of clinical parameters. Probiotic therapy could be used for managing periodontal diseases. This review puts a stress on L. reuteri effectiveness. However, further studies are needed to substantiate its longitudinal effect.

scholarly journals An Antibacterial Strategy of Mg-Cu Bone Grafting in Infection-Mediated Periodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Peng Wan ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Shuwei Zhang ◽  
Jingbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Cu Alloy

Periodontal diseases are mainly the results of infections and inflammation of the gum and bone that surround and support the teeth. In this study, the alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis is hypothesized to be treated with novel Mg-Cu alloy grafts due to their antimicrobial and osteopromotive properties. In order to study this new strategy using Mg-Cu alloy grafts as a periodontal bone substitute, the in vitro degradation and antibacterial performance were examined. The pH variation and Mg2+ and Cu2+ release of Mg-Cu alloy extracts were measured. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), two common bacteria associated with periodontal disease, were cultured in Mg-Cu alloy extracts, and bacterial survival rate was evaluated. The changes of bacterial biofilm and its structure were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results showed that the Mg-Cu alloy could significantly decrease the survival rates of both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Furthermore, the bacterial biofilms were completely destroyed in Mg-Cu alloy extracts, and the bacterial cell membranes were damaged, finally leading to bacterial apoptosis. These results indicate that the Mg-Cu alloy can effectively eliminate periodontal pathogens, and the use of Mg-Cu in periodontal bone grafts has a great potential to prevent infections after periodontal surgery.

scholarly journals Galectin-3, Possible Role in Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases and Potential Therapeutic Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Velickovic ◽  
Aleksandar Arsenijevic ◽  
Aleksandar Acovic ◽  
Dragana Arsenijevic ◽  
Jelena Milovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Binding Lectin ◽  
Supporting Structures

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that occur due to the imbalance between microbial communities in the oral cavity and the immune response of the host that lead to destruction of tooth supporting structures and finally to alveolar bone loss. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin with important roles in numerous biological processes. By direct binding to microbes and modulation of their clearence, Galectin-3 can affect the composition of microbial community in the oral cavity. Galectin-3 also modulates the function of many immune cells in the gingiva and gingival sulcus and thus can affect immune homeostasis. Few clinical studies demonstrated increased expression of Galectin-3 in different forms of periodontal diseases. Therefore, the objective of this mini review is to discuss the possible effects of Galectin-3 on the process of immune homeostasis and the balance between oral microbial community and host response and to provide insights into the potential therapeutic targeting of Gal-3 in periodontal disease.

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