scholarly journals Re-emergence of dengue virus in regional Queensland: 2019 dengue virus outbreak in Rockhampton, Central Queensland, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacina Walker ◽  
Alyssa Pyke ◽  
Paul Florian ◽  
Fred Moore ◽  
Nicolas Smoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Vector Surveillance

Objective(s): To describe an autochthonous dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) outbreak in Central Queensland from May 2019 and subsequent public health actions. Design and setting: Public health outbreak investigation of locally acquired DENV-2 cases in Rockhampton, Central Queensland. This included laboratory investigations, associated mosquito vector surveillance, and control measures implemented in response to the outbreak. Results: Twenty-one locally-acquired DENV-2 cases were identified during the Rockhampton outbreak (from 23 May to 7 October 2019): 13 laboratory-confirmed and eight probable cases. Clinical symptoms included lethargy (100%); fever (95%); headache (95%); and aches and pains (90%). Inspections of premises demonstrated that <i>Aedes aegypti</i> was present in 9.5% of those investigated which was more than half of the premises identified as containing mosquitoes. Nucleotide sequencing of a DENV-2 isolate recovered from the first confirmed case and DENV-2 RNA from an additional 5 patients indicated a single DENV-2 strain was responsible for the outbreak which was most closely related to DENV-2 strains from Southeast Asia. Conclusions: The 2019 DENV-2 outbreak in Rockhampton, Central Queensland, Australia, likely resulted from the importation of a strain, most closely related to DENV-2 strains from Southeast Asia and is the first reported outbreak in the region specifically implicating DENV-2. Given the presence of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> in Rockhampton, appropriate medical and mosquito avoidance advice; ongoing surveillance; and deployment of mosquito control strategies for the prevention of dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases should be priorities for this region.

Difusi dan Pola Spasial Sebaran Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Kota Bandar Lampung

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Nurul Qamila ◽  
Agel Vidian Krama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Descriptive Method

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a contagious disease caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Aa.aegypti). The population is still a public health problem that increases the number of sufferers and also widespread, with population and education. This study aims to reveal the spatial pattern and distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the spatial pattern and the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can result in different locations of these allegations. From the map that can be used for the prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) in Bandar Lampung City. This study aims to reveal the spatial pattern and distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the descriptive method and spatial pattern of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can result in different locations of these allegations. From the map that can be used for the prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) in Bandar Lampung City. Keywords: DHF, Spatial Analysis

scholarly journals Tumbuhan Obat: Pendekatan Alternatif dalam Pengendalian Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Virus Dengue Penyebab Demam Dengue

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Ign Joko Suyono ◽  
Aditya K. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Control And Prevention

Dengue is the most important emerging tropical viral disease of humans in the world today. Aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector responsible for transmitting many viral diseases and this mosquito that spreads major health problems like dengue fever. The resistance of Ae. aegypti to insecticides is already widespread and represents a serious problem for programmes aimed at the control and prevention of dengue in tropical countries. The search for compounds extracted from medicinal plant preparations as alternatives insecticide for mosquito control is in immediate need. Alternative approach for control Ae. aegypti dan virus dengue using the medicinal plant will be discussed in this paper.Key words: Medicinal plant, Aedes aegypti, dengue fever, dengue haemorragi fever, dengue shock syndrome

scholarly journals Socio-Ecological Factors Associated with Dengue Risk and Aedes aegypti Presence in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadie Ryan ◽  
Catherine Lippi ◽  
Ryan Nightingale ◽  
Gabriela Hamerlinck ◽  
Mercy Borbor-Cordova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Dengue fever is an emerging infectious disease in the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, with the first cases reported in 2002 and subsequent periodic outbreaks. We report results of a 2014 pilot study conducted in Puerto Ayora (PA) on Santa Cruz Island, and Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (PB) on San Cristobal Island. To assess the socio-ecological risk factors associated with dengue and mosquito vector presence at the household level, we conducted 100 household surveys (50 on each island) in neighborhoods with prior reported dengue cases. Adult mosquitoes were collected inside and outside the home, larval indices were determined through container surveys, and heads of households were interviewed to determine demographics, self-reported prior dengue infections, housing conditions, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding dengue. Multi-model selection methods were used to derive best-fit generalized linear regression models of prior dengue infection, and Aedes aegypti presence. We found that 24% of PB and 14% of PA respondents self-reported a prior dengue infection, and more PB homes than PA homes had Ae. aegypti. The top-ranked model for prior dengue infection included several factors related to human movement, household demographics, access to water quality issues, and dengue awareness. The top-ranked model for Ae. aegypti presence included housing conditions, mosquito control practices, and dengue risk perception. This is the first study of dengue risk and Ae. aegypti presence in the Galápagos Islands.

scholarly journals Correlating Remote Sensing Data with the Abundance of Pupae of the Dengue Virus Mosquito Vector, Aedes aegypti, in Central Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 732-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Moreno-Madriñán ◽  
William Crosson ◽  
Lars Eisen ◽  
Sue Estes ◽  
Maurice Estes Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Sensing Data

scholarly journals Dengue NS1 antigen kit shows high sensitivity for detection of recombinant dengue virus-2 NS1 antigen spiked with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Raj Abraham ◽  
Bharathy R ◽  
Pradeep Kumar N ◽  
Ashwani Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Ns1 Antigen

AbstractDengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV) is a significant vector-borne disease. In absence of a specific treatment and vaccine, dengue is becoming a rising threat to public health. Currently, control of dengue mainly focuses on the surveillance of the mosquito vectors. Improved surveillance methods for DENV in mosquito populations would be highly beneficial to the public health. However, current methods of DENV detection in mosquitoes requires specialized equipment and expensive reagents and highly trained personnel. As an alternative, commercially available dengue NS1 antigen ELISA kits could be used for detection of DENV infection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In this study, we explored the utility of commercially available Dengue NS1 antigen kit (J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. Ltd) for the detection of recombinant dengue virus-2 (rDENV-2) NS1 protein and serum of dengue infected patient spiked with Ae. aegypti mosquito pools. The kit was found to be highly sensitive and specific towards detection of all serotypes of DENV. Further, it could detect as low as 750 femto gram rDENV-2 NS1 protein. It was also observed that rDENV-2 NS1 antigen spiked with blood-fed and unfed mosquito pools could be detected. In addition, the kit also detected dengue infected patient serum spiked with Ae. aegypti mosquito pools. Overall, the Dengue NS1 antigen kit displayed high sensitivity towards detection of recombinant as well as serum NS1 protein spiked with Ae. aegypti mosquito pools and could be considered for the dengue virus surveillance after a field evaluation in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Public Health Threats Posed by Vector-Borne Disease in the United Kingdom (UK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolyon Medlock ◽  
Kayleigh Hansford ◽  
Alexander Vaux ◽  
Ben Cull ◽  
Emma Gillingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Uk

In recent years, the known distribution of vector-borne diseases in Europe has changed, with much new information also available now on the status of vectors in the United Kingdom (UK). For example, in 2016, the UK reported their first detection of the non-native mosquito Aedes albopictus, which is a known vector for dengue and chikungunya virus. In 2010, Culex modestus, a principal mosquito vector for West Nile virus was detected in large numbers in the Thames estuary. For tick-borne diseases, data on the changing distribution of the Lyme borreliosis tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, has recently been published, at a time when there has been an increase in the numbers of reported human cases of Lyme disease. This paper brings together the latest surveillance data and pertinent research on vector-borne disease in the UK, and its relevance to public health. It highlights the need for continued vector surveillance systems to monitor our native mosquito and tick fauna, as well as the need to expand surveillance for invasive species. It illustrates the importance of maintaining surveillance capacity that is sufficient to ensure accurate and timely disease risk assessment to help mitigate the UK’s changing emerging infectious disease risks, especially in a time of climatic and environmental change and increasing global connectivity.

scholarly journals Releasing incompatible males drives strong suppression across populations of wild and Wolbachia-carrying Aedes aegypti in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (41) ◽  
pp. e2106828118
Author(s):  
Nigel W. Beebe ◽  
Dan Pagendam ◽  
Brendan J. Trewin ◽  
Andrew Boomer ◽  
Matt Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Incompatible Insect Technique ◽  
Community Consent ◽  
Proven Method

Releasing sterile or incompatible male insects is a proven method of population management in agricultural systems with the potential to revolutionize mosquito control. Through a collaborative venture with the “Debug” Verily Life Sciences team, we assessed the incompatible insect technique (IIT) with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti in northern Australia in a replicated treatment control field trial. Backcrossing a US strain of Ae. aegypti carrying Wolbachia wAlbB from Aedes albopictus with a local strain, we generated a wAlbB2-F4 strain incompatible with both the wild-type (no Wolbachia) and wMel-Wolbachia Ae. aegypti now extant in North Queensland. The wAlbB2-F4 strain was manually mass reared with males separated from females using Verily sex-sorting technologies to obtain no detectable female contamination in the field. With community consent, we delivered a total of three million IIT males into three isolated landscapes of over 200 houses each, releasing ∼50 males per house three times a week over 20 wk. Detecting initial overflooding ratios of between 5:1 and 10:1, strong population declines well beyond 80% were detected across all treatment landscapes when compared to controls. Monitoring through the following season to observe the ongoing effect saw one treatment landscape devoid of adult Ae. aegypti early in the season. A second landscape showed reduced adults, and the third recovered fully. These encouraging results in suppressing both wild-type and wMel-Ae. aegypti confirms the utility of bidirectional incompatibility in the field setting, show the IIT to be robust, and indicate that the removal of this arbovirus vector from human-occupied landscapes may be achievable.

scholarly journals Social and environmental risk factors for dengue in Delhi city: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009024
Author(s):  
Olivier Telle ◽  
Birgit Nikolay ◽  
Vikram Kumar ◽  
Samuel Benkimoun ◽  
Rupali Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Global urbanization is leading to an inexorable spread of several major diseases that need to be stemmed. Dengue is one of these major diseases spreading in cities today, with its principal mosquito vector superbly adapted to the urban environment. Current mosquito control strategies are proving inadequate, especially in the face of such urbanisation and novel, evidence-based targeted approaches are needed. Through combined epidemiological and entomological approaches, we aimed to identify a novel sanitation strategy to alleviate the burden of dengue through how the dengue virus spreads through the community. We combined surveillance case mapping, prospective serological studies, year-round mosquito surveys, socio-economic and Knowledge Attitudes and Practices surveys across Delhi. We identified lack of access to tap water (≤98%) as an important risk factor for dengue virus IgG sero-positivity (adjusted Odds Ratio 4.69, 95% C.I. 2.06–10.67) and not poverty per se. Wealthier districts had a higher dengue burden despite lower mosquito densities than the Intermediary income communities (adjusted Odds Ratio 2.92, 95% C.I. 1.26–6.72). This probably reflects dengue being introduced by people travelling from poorer areas to work in wealthier houses. These poorer, high density areas, where temperatures are also warmer, also had dengue cases during the winter. Control strategies based on improved access to a reliable supply of tap water plus focal intervention in intra-urban heat islands prior to the dengue season could not only lead to a reduction in mosquito abundance but also eliminate the reservoir of dengue virus clearly circulating at low levels in winter in socio-economically disadvantaged areas.

scholarly journals The Mosquito Immune System and the Life of Dengue Virus: What We Know and Do Not Know

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debica Mukherjee ◽  
Sandeepan Das ◽  
Feroza Begum ◽  
Sweety Mal ◽  
Upasana Ray
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Immune Control ◽  
The Family

Flaviviruses are largely transmitted to humans by their arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes or ticks. The dengue virus (DENV) is one of the members of the family Flaviviridae and is the causative agent of dengue fever. In the mosquito vector, DENV enters through viremic blood meal and replicates in the mid-gut. Newly formed virion particles circulate to various mosquito organs and get transmitted to the next host in subsequent bites. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have intricate immune control to allow DENV production at a sub-pathogenic level. In the mosquito, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and RNA inference (RNAi) are the two main antiviral strategies used against DENV. Apart from innate immunity, mosquito resident microbes play a significant role in modulating DENV replication. In this review, we discuss different immune mechanisms and preventive strategies that act against DENV in two of its vectors: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

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