scholarly journals Hurting the Qur’an – Suggestions Concerning the Psychological Infrastructure of Desecration

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-264
Author(s):  
Jonas Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
Sacred Object ◽  
Mental Operations

Recent years have witnessed several examples of desecrations of copies of the Qur’an as a display of non-Muslim hostility against Muslims. The present article attempts to answer a fundamental question relating to this phenomenon: how do desecrators know what acts directed at the Qur’an are likely to offend Muslims? The suggestion put forward is that desecration is an act that can be understood across cultural and religious boundaries because it is based on shared, intuitive knowledge of what the sacredness of an object entails. This knowledge, in turn, rests upon certain mental operations involved in the process of sacralisation: i.e. when things are ‘set apart and forbidden’. When the mental processes of psychological essentialism and conceptual blending are combined, it results in a partial personification of the sacred object, providing inferences concerning which acts count as desecrations, i.e. acts that, had they been directed at a person, would cause harm, whether physical or psychological.

The Role of Acceptance and Mindfulness in the Treatment of Insomnia

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Gunnar Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Daytime Functioning

The present article explores possible reasons why acceptance and mindfulness techniques may be beneficial in the treatment of insomnia. First, it is argued that sleep is facilitated by cognitive deactivation, with less controlled information processing as compared with daytime functioning, and correspondingly more acceptance of spontaneously occurring physiological and mental processes. Second, it is argued that mindfulness practice, in the form of nonjudgmental observation of spontaneously occurring physical and psychological processes, may be an effective way of training the skills of cognitive deactivation. As a complement, psychoeducational methods are advocated to help the client develop a more functional schematic model of sleep and sleeplessness.

Ritualizing Muslim Iconic Texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 272-286
Author(s):  
Jonas Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
Sacred Scripture ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Health And Well Being

This chapter suggests an explanatory framework for the iconic dimension of the Qur’an as sacred scripture; that is, of physical copies of the book, for example as objects of veneration, respect, and protection, and as sources of a power with perceived effects on health and well-being. It suggests that diverse beliefs and practices within the iconic dimension are consequences of a “personification” of the scripture, which in turn can be explained as a result of two basically human mental abilities and proclivities: conceptual blending and psychological essentialism. The chapter also notes different aspects of the iconic dimension identified in previous research and discusses it in relation to the overall theoretical framework. Finally, it suggests that the framework has wider application for the iconic dimensions of sacred scriptures in general, it and can be useful for explaining the psychological infrastructure of human sacralization as such.

Mobiles, Molecules and the Coalescence of Processes

Leonardo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Retrosynthetic Analysis

The author provides an account of his development and experiences as both a visual (mobile) artist and a chemist. He describes the surprising similarities between the planning of the construction of a mobile and the execution of retrosynthetic analysis used to chemically create a particular molecule. The fusion of these two independently initiated mental processes into a common creative act can be referred to as a coalescence of processes. The present article discusses the consequences of this merging for both artistic and scientific practices, as well as its relevance to the artscience concept of idea translation.

Zu den didaktischen Konsequenzen der prozessorientier ten Übersetzungsforschung

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha El-Askary
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Oriented Research

AbstractThe aim of the present article is to show how gaining insights into the mental processes activated during translating through process-oriented research of translation and the use of think-aloud-protocols could provide a contribution to the didactic of translation and allow a development of teaching methods of translation. The article starts with a background about the process-oriented Research of translation and then presents the steps and results of an empirical study. The subjects of the analysis in the study were 8 egyptian advanced learners of German. Finally some consequences for the pedagogy of translation are briefly sketched.

scholarly journals Bewegung, Mythologie der Moderne

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Walburga Hülk
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
William James ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Mental Phenomenon ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
Hippolyte Taine

Paul Valéryʼs remark »Nouvelle mythologie / les formes en mouvement / connaître c’est former« (1894) states the argument of the present article. Its intention is to highlight the importance of movement in modern arts and research studies. It observes the fascination which movement held for artists and scientists who were trying to comprehend the dynamics of physical and mental processes in creative work and to find appropriate forms for volatility and complexity in traditional and recent arts and media. The focal point of this article are the works of Charles Baudelaire, Hippolyte Taine and the futurist avantgarde, especially Umberto Boccioni, as well as physiological studies on the effects of huge cities, crowds, sports, acceleration, and aeroplanes (Angelo Mosso, William James). In this context, Valéry’s poems, essays and notes appear as a crossover project and Valéry himself as a protagonist of the intense dialogue between the arts, media and sciences concerningmovement as physical and mental phenomenon and stylistic challenge.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE SEMANTICS: AN INTRODUCTION TO CONCEPTUAL BLENDING THEORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 28-51
Author(s):  
Khairulanwar Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Meaning Creation ◽  
Current Scenario

Conceptual Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) aims to provide a general cognitive model related to meaning construction. This theory was created based on the fundamental question raised by contemporary linguists about how a new concept is formed based on the human cognition system. According to Fauconnier, the theory encompasses all domains of meaning creation, whether involving language domains (metaphors, advertisements, and satire) or the use of gestures to convey non -linguistic meaning, such as the way people line up to get tickets at the cinema or certain symbolism in communication. If we can see at the current scenario in linguistic research, this theory has attracted wide attention in various fields of research, from the study of discourse analysis by Oakley (2008), the study of Haiku by Hiraga (1999) to the study of ritual by Sweetser (2000). Due to its holistic nature, it is not surprising that this theory has been heavily criticized by some linguists from the structural school (Broccias, 2004; Gibbs, 2000), and not least there are some Vygotsky scholars (scholars that influenced by Vygotsky thought) who doubted the ability of this theory. Therefore, this paper is written to (i) provide an overview of the proposed theory; (ii) display some analysis of non-linguistic domains based on conceptual blending perspective; and lastly (iii) some counter respond to a previous criticism about this theory.

scholarly journals REPRESENTING THE INCUMBENT AND THE CONTENDER IN THE 2019 INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Lailatul Fidyati ◽  
Kumaran Rajandran
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Process Participant ◽  
Future Plans

Background and Purpose: The 2019 Indonesian presidential debates were an important part of the presidential election because it drew public interest, enabling the candidates to persuade the electorate. The debates reunited Joko Widodo, the incumbent and Prabowo Subianto, his former contender.   Methodology: The article selected the five debates during the 2019 presidential debates. The debates were analyzed with Transitivity from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), studying how process, participant and circumstance represent the presidential candidates.   Findings: The incumbent and contender, although from different parties, share similarities in their Transitivity patterns. Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto frequently employ Material, Relational and Mental processes to state their actions for governing Indonesia, describe present or future plans, and share their thoughts and hopes for the country. Being politicians, the incumbent and contender use language to construe themselves as the most suitable person to be president. The two candidates employ the pronoun ‘we’ to depict themselves as part of a group, be it a political party or the electorate. They also employ the pronoun ‘I’ to showcase their personal capability. The two candidates share patterns of Transitivity because their representation tries to persuade the electorate to vote for them.   Contributions: The present article extends research on political discourse because it studies data from Indonesia and data in the Indonesian language. The findings can serve to educate the electorate on how politicians employ language in persuasion.   Keywords: Debates, elections, Indonesia, president, transitivity.   Cite as: Fidyati, L., & Rajandran, K. (2020). Representing the incumbent and the contender in the 2019 Indonesian presidential debates. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 215-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp215-238

scholarly journals Fundamental mechanics of tooth fracture and wear: implications for humans and other primates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 20200070
Author(s):  
Oscar Borrero-Lopez ◽  
Fernando Rodriguez-Rojas ◽  
Paul J. Constantino ◽  
Brian R. Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Tooth Fracture

Until recently, there had been little attempt in the literature to identify and quantify the underlying mechanics of tooth durability in terms of materials engineering concepts. In humans and most mammals, teeth must endure a lifetime of sustained occlusal mastication—they have to resist fracture and wear. It is well documented that teeth are resilient, but what are the unique features that make this possible? The present article surveys recent materials engineering research aimed at addressing this fundamental question. Elements that determine the mechanics and micromechanics of tooth fracture and wear are analysed: at the macrostructural level, the geometry of the enamel shell and cuspal configuration; and at the microstructural level, interfacial weakness and property gradients. Inferences concerning dietary history in relation to evolutionary pressures are discussed.

scholarly journals Sigmund Freud’s Psychic Apparatus Theory: A Study of the Protagonist in Saul Bellow’s Novel ‘Herzog’

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Dr. Ramaballabh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
Reasoning Problem ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Observable Actions

“Psychology is the scientific study of the behaviour of humans..... The term ‘behaviour’ refers to both covert observable actions and covert observable mental processes and states such as perception, thought, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and feelings (Encyclopaedia Britannica, P. 470) If the field of psychology is to study the mental processes and activities, art and literature give verbal expression to those mental and psychic processes. Sigmund Freud’s Psychic theories have encouraged the literary artists to probe deeper into human psyche and thereby presenting the ideas, ideals, thoughts and feelings which are of human interest and universal significance. The present article aims to highlight how the Sigmund Freud’s Psychic apparatus (Id, Ego and Super-ego) exercise a controlling and dominating influence on the personality, behaviour and character of the Protagonist Moses E. Herzog, depicted and portrayed by Saul Bellow, in his best known novel ‘Herzog.’

scholarly journals Artistic Concept in the Cognitive Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (16)) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Seda Gasparyan ◽  
Mariana Sargsyan ◽  
Astghik Melik-Karamyan
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Recent Developments

The present article aims at studying the phenomenon of artistic concept by providing a detailed analysis of linguistic choices and patterns in the text with a systematic consideration of the mental processes and representations that are involved in the process of interpretation. The tools provided by the recent developments in cognitive approach are applied to enlarge the scope of studies in artistic concepts in general and also to highlight the major features that make the artistic concept distinct from the general cultural concepts. The practical study is based on alienation – one of the key concepts exploited in the contemporary literature.

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