scholarly journals Sarcopenia in Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andree Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Sarcopenia in cancer patients, especially in advanced stage, recently known as an emerging problem. Firstly, sarcopenia is found in elderly patients. The diagnosis of sarcopenia needs evaluation of muscle composition and function and physical activity. Sarcopenia will give negative impacts such as increased mortality, chemo-toxicity, and decreased quality of life. Here, we review the current evidence describing the definition, impact, risk factors, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia in cancer patients.Method: We identified 48 studies and/or review articles evaluating sarcopenia in cancer patients by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases. Results: Sarcopenia is reported across all stages and types of cancers. There is a new definition of sarcopenia that is reported in 2019 paper. The risk factors or causes of sarcopenia in cancer are complex depending on the clinical settings of each patient. SARC-F questionnaire can be used to screen cancer patients in clinical settings. The diagnostic evaluation and cut-off measurement of sarcopenia especially in cancer varied across studies. The loss of muscle mass that happens during chemotherapy will make a poor prognosis. Sarcopenia can worsen chemotherapy toxicity. Combination exercise with adequate dietary supplementation, adequate energy, and protein are important in the management of sarcopenia in cancer patients.Conclusions: Patients with cancer belong to a population at risk of developing sarcopenia before and after chemotherapy. Sarcopenia diagnosis needs the evaluation of muscle mass and muscle strength or physical performance. Physical activity exercise is the best strategy to reduce sarcopenia in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Cachexia in Cancer Patients: Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Timotius I. Hariyanto ◽  
Andree Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Introduction Cachexia in cancer patients, especially in advanced stage, is recently known as an emerging problem. Cachexia occurs in about half of all patients with neoplastic disease. The diagnosis of cachexia needs comprehensive evaluation of body weight and body composition for several months. Cachexia will give negative impacts such as increased mortality, chemotoxicity, and decreased quality of life. Here, we review the current evidence describing the definition, stages, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of cachexia in cancer patients. Methods We identified 75 studies and/or review articles evaluating cachexia and weight loss in cancer patients by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases. Results Cachexia is reported across all stages and types of cancers. The most recent definition of cachexia is reported in a 2011 paper by International Consensus. The mechanism of cachexia in cancer is complex and involved many factors which elaborate together to produce cachexia. The diagnostic evaluation and cut-off measurement of cachexia, especially in cancer varied across studies. The loss of weight that happens during chemotherapy will make a poor prognosis. Cachexia can worsen chemotherapy toxicity. Combination of dietary modification and exercise with supplementation of medication that control appetite and inflammation are important in the management of cachexia in cancer patients. Conclusion Patients with cancer are the population at risk for developing cachexia before and after chemotherapy. Cachexia diagnosis needs evaluation of body weight and body composition. Nonpharmacological treatments, such as dietary modification and physical exercise, are the best strategy to reduce cachexia in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Physical activity in elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cvecka ◽  
Veronika Tirpakova ◽  
Milan Sedliak ◽  
Helmut Kern ◽  
Winfried Mayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aging is a multifactorial irreversible process associated with significant decline in muscle mass and neuromuscular functions. One of the most efficient methods to counteract age-related changes in muscle mass and function is physical exercise. An alternative effective intervention to improve muscle structure and performance is electrical stimulation. In the present work we present the positive effects of physical activity in elderly and a study where the effects of a 8-week period of functional electrical stimulation and strength training with proprioceptive stimulation in elderly are compared.

ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION: INITIATIVES & PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
H.M. Snyder ◽  
M.C. Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Do So

An estimated 47 million people worldwide are living with dementia in 2015 and this number is expected to triple by 2050. There is a clear urgency for therapies and / or interventions to slow, stop or prevent dementia. Amounting evidence suggests strategies to reduce risk of development dementia may be of growing import for reducing the number of individuals affected. The Alzheimer’s Association believes, from a population based perspective that: (1) Regular physical activity and management of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. diabetes, obesity, smoking and hypertension) have been shown to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and may reduce the risk of dementia; (2) A healthy diet and lifelong learning/cognitive training may also reduce the risk of cognitive decline. The current evidence underscores the need to communicate to the broader population what the science indicates and to do so with diverse stakeholders and consistent messaging. There has never been a better time to define and distribute global messaging on public health for dementia.

Does Preoperative Pain Catastrophizing Influence Objectively Measured Physical Activity Before and After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sara Birch ◽  
Torben Bæk Hansen ◽  
Maiken Stilling ◽  
Inger Mechlenburg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Knee Function ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee

Background: Pain catastrophizing is associated with pain both before and after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, it remains uncertain whether pain catastrophizing affects physical activity (PA). The aim was to examine the influence of pain catastrophizing on the PA profile, knee function, and muscle mass before and after a TKA. Methods: The authors included 58 patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled for TKA. Twenty-nine patients had a score >22 on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and 29 patients had a score <11. PA was measured with a triaxial accelerometer preoperative, 3 months, and 12 months after TKA. Other outcome measures consisted of the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Results: The authors found no difference in PA between patients with a better/low or a worse/high score on the PCS, and none of the groups increased their mean number of steps/day from preoperative to 12 months postoperative. Patients with better/low PCS scores had higher/better preoperative scores on the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales (symptoms, pain, and activity of daily living), and they walked longer in the 6-min walk test. Further, they had lower body mass index, lower percent fat mass, and higher percent muscle mass than patients with worse/high PCS scores both before and after a TKA. Conclusion: Preoperative pain catastrophizing did not influence PA before or after a TKA. Although the patients improved substantially in self-reported knee function, their PA did not increase. This may be important to consider when the clinicians are informing the patients about the expected benefits from the operation.

scholarly journals Evaluating short term efficacy of educative support in a cardiovascular rehabilitation using the MICRO-Q test: a single centre experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Rinero ◽  
Marzia Testa ◽  
Paola Vallauri ◽  
Sonia Garnero ◽  
Mauro Feola
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Educational Meetings

Object of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multiprofessional meetings in order to improve patients’ knowledge about cardiovascular diseases, risk factors and correct lifestyle in a Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Department. Methods: from November 2011 to June 2012 two MICRO-Q questionnaires were given to the Fossano Cardiovascular Rehabilitation’s patients before and after the educational meetings to test their improvement after having followed educational meetings. Results: 73 patients have answered the questionnaires (57 males, mean age 68,5 ±11.73ys). From these data emerged a significant improvement of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors (75,34% vs 91,78%; p=0,01), smoke (79,45% vs 93,15%; p=0,03), stress (76,71% vs 91,78; p=0,023), diet (84,93% vs 97,26%; p=0,02), physical activity (63,01% vs 84,93%; p=0,005) and right things to do in case of chest pain (34,25% vs 52,05%; p=0,04). Conclusions: educational meetings had an important role in improve patients’ knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors, correct lifestyle and diet. Moreover MICRO-Q questionnaires demonstrated to be useful tools in order to improve the educational meetings according to the real needs of our patients.

scholarly journals Association of Physical Activity, Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function to Quality of Life in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Murad Taani ◽  
Chi Cho ◽  
Julie Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Mental Hrqol ◽  
And Function

Abstract Physical inactivity and loss of muscle mass, strength, and function are associated with negative outcomes including disability and a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults. Older adults living in continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) are at greater risk for declining physical activity and muscle outcomes compared to community-dwelling older adults. Few researchers studying the association of muscle and physical activity have examined the distinction between physical and mental HRQoL. Understanding the differential association of physical and mental HRQoL to physical activity and muscle outcomes can inform the development of useful interventions. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between physical activity, muscle mass, strength, function and physical and mental HRQoL. Using a descriptive, correlational design, 105 older adults living in CCRCs were recruited. Light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), sedentary behavior, and steps per day were assessed using ActiGraph GT3X. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy, handgrip strength with JAMAR Smart Hand Dynamometer, muscle function with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test, and physical and mental HRQoL with the SF-36 questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 83 (SD=7.4). Using multiple regression models adjusted for sex and age, steps per day and SPPB score explained 38.4 % of the variance in physical HRQoL. Handgrip strength explained 8 % of the variance in mental HRQoL. These findings suggest that QoL improvement programs should include components to improve physical activity, muscle strength and function.

scholarly journals Assessment and Mitigation of Cardiovascular Risk for Prostate Cancer Patients: A review of the evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Davey ◽  
Kyriacos Alexandrou
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gnrh Agonists ◽  
Gnrh Antagonists ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common co-morbidity in patients with prostate cancer. In this review, we summarise the published literature on the association of cardiovascular risk with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treatment and explore the potential differences between the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists and the molecular mechanisms that may be involved. We also provide a practical outlook on the identification of underlying CV risk and explore the different stratification tools available. Results: While not definitive, the current evidence suggests that GnRH antagonists may be associated with lower rates of certain CV events vs agonists, particularly in patients with pre-existing CVD. We have reached this conclusion as the highest-grade evidence from randomised clinical trials comparing GnRH agonists verses antagonists is uniform in finding lower CV event rates with GnRH antagonists. Risk reduction strategies such as lifestyle advice, consideration of ADT modality, and co-medications may help to reduce CV risk factors and improve outcomes in prostate cancer patients receiving ADT. Conclusions: Given all the data that is currently available, identification of baseline CV risk factors may be key to risk mitigation in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT.

scholarly journals What clinical, functional, and psychological factors before treatment are predictors of poor quality of life in cancer patients at the end of chemotherapy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 978-987
Author(s):  
Ariella Sebastião Mangia ◽  
Nara Lisiane de Oliveira Coqueiro ◽  
Fernanda Cabral Azevedo ◽  
Hiago Tomaz da Silva Araujo ◽  
Elizandra de Oliveira Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Curative Intent

Summary Objective: To correlate physical activity level (PAL), functional capacity and psychological state with quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT). Method: Observational cohort study. Patients (n=121) with any primary cancer site with indications of chemotherapy with palliative or curative intent were evaluated at three moments: 1) patient admission (week 0), before chemotherapy; 2) week 8; 3) end of CT. Data were collected regarding QoL, PAL, clinical data, functional capacity (short walking distance test, sitting-rising test, isometric manual gripping force), and anxiety and depression tests. Results: There was significant improvement at the end of CT for: level of physical activity; walk test (> 500 meters); sitting-rising test (> 20x). There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of moderate/severe depression. The prevalence of high QoL showed a significant increase in evaluation 3 (42.4% vs. 40.0% vs. 59.2%, p=0.02). Education up to high school level, low PAL, walking < 300 meters, sitting and rising < 20 times, having depression (moderate to severe) and QoL that was not high at the start of treatment (week 0) all proved to be risk factors for low quality of life at week 16. Conversely, early staging, curative intent chemotherapy and low-grade symptoms were shown to be protective factors. Conclusion: Performing less than 20 movements in the sitting-rising test and low PAL at the start of chemotherapy represent independent risk factors for low quality of life at the end of chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Physical activity as intervention for age-related loss of muscle mass and function: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the LISA study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e012951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Skou Eriksen ◽  
Ellen Garde ◽  
Nina Linde Reislev ◽  
Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann ◽  
Theresa Bieler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Function
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document