Energy Efficiency in Lighting for Historical Buildings: Case Study of the El Aman Caravanserai in Province of Bitlis, Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Behcet Kocaman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Metal Halide Lamps

Historical buildings are bridges between the past and the present. Moreover, it is a mirror of the life of societies, which lived in other ages. Historic buildings need to be illuminated to provide better visual conditions. The demand for electricity is increasing day by day. Energy must be used efficiently to reduce the amount of energy being dissipated. Therefore, energy efficiency in the lighting for historical buildings is a topic of great importance. Various luminaires are used for interior and exterior lighting of historic buildings. However, new lighting technologies, such as light emitting diode (LED) luminaires, are many times more efficient than traditional technologies, such as incandescent luminaires. The use of new technologies can lead to significant reductions in net energy consumption and associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Historic buildings can serve as powerful and highly visible demonstrations of energy-efficient lighting technologies. In this study, the cost and energy efficiency have been analyzed considering the investment costs and the energy consumption of LED luminaires instead of luminaires with incandescent, halogen and metal halide lamps using almost the same luminous flux in the example of the El Aman Caravanserai in Bitlis, Turkey. As a result, of the calculations, the annual energy consumption (9-066.6 kW·h) was reduced by 78.21 % compared to the conventional system (41-610 kW·h) installed with incandescent, halogen and metal halide lamps. Thus, the cost of using LED lighting system have been amortised in about 135 days. Later, lighting has been made with less energy consumption, and the energy has been used efficiently.

Energy Efficiency in Children With Myelomeningocele During Acute Use of Assistive Devices: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Sansom ◽  
Beverly D. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy

Due to increased metabolic demands during walking, ∼50% of children with myelomeningocele transition to wheelchair use during adolescence/early adulthood. The purpose of our pilot study involving children with myelomeningocele was to determine: (a) energy expenditure needs during acute use of common assistive devices and (b) if walking poles are a feasible assistive device. Oxygen uptake was recorded for eight (5–12 years old) children in four conditions: independent, walker, crutches, and poles. Acute pole use did not significantly differ from independent walking net energy consumption or cost. Participants consumed more energy while walking with the walker than independently. Our pilot results suggest that (a) acute use of common assistive devices while walking increases energy consumption and cost versus independent and (b) poles are feasible assistive devices, resulting in slightly increased energy requirements. Poles may have provided “just enough” support with minimal change in energy requirements for our participants and, with practice, may enable children with myelomeningocele to remain community ambulators.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Consumer Preferences of Windows Set in South Korea: The Role of Energy Efficiency Levels

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Byum Maeng ◽  
Jiyeon Jung ◽  
Yoonmo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The building sector is considered to be important for Korean energy issues as it accounts for approximately 20% of Korea’s final energy consumption. As one of Korea’s passive strategies in its emission reduction plan is reducing energy consumption through improvements in energy efficiency because the energy loss mostly occurs from window sets, this study aims to examine the preferences and role of the energy efficiency level of window sets in South Korea. Given that the lifespan of a building exceeds 20 years, a building’s energy efficiency significantly impacts accumulated energy savings. However, window sets affect not only energy efficiency, but also the interior appearance of the building; therefore, it is important to understand consumer preferences and to examine their effect on building energy reduction accordingly. Using a mixed logit model, this study analyzes window set preferences and energy savings. As a result, this study determines that consumers consider the energy efficiency level to be the second most important factor in determining window preference, following the cost of the window. In addition, this study found that the marginal willingness to pay for efficiency level 2 window sets compared to level 3 window sets is USD 1256. For level 1 window sets, this figure increases to USD 3140. Further, a scenario analysis is conducted to analyze the government incentive program’s effectiveness in encouraging consumers to purchasing higher energy efficiency more efficient products, and thus in promoting the eco-friendly consumption of in households. Taking into consideration of households’ willingness to pay and cost saving amount for using energy efficient window sets, the optimal value of government incentives of is found to be approximately USD 700 is found to be optimal.

scholarly journals Increasing energy efficiency of walker dragline

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Nikolay Maksimovich SUSLOV ◽  
◽  
Stanislav Alekseevich CHERNUKHIN ◽  
Dmitriy Nikolaevich SUSLOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Walking Mechanism ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Cost

Relevance of the work. Reducing the cost of mining in the course of open pit mining has always been considered one of the important tasks in the mining industry; it allows to reduce the cost of the extracted ore. When developing quarries, the most costly work, in which there is no direct mining, is the overburden of waste rocks. The method of stripping operations is one of the most efficient and highly productive, which uses a non-transport technology with a walking dragline excavator. Moving such powerful machines is energy-intensive and affects the efficiency of the machine as a whole, therefore, the modernization of the walking mechanism will increase the energy efficiency of the excavator and ultimately reduce the cost of mining. The most common mechanism for moving such machines is a hydraulically driven three-bearing mechanism. This paper describes the proposed modernization of such a walking mechanism, which makes it possible to get rid of two main disadvantages, namely, the lack of energy recuperation of the lifted machine along the path and the dragging of the base edge against the ground, which creates additional resistance to movement. The installation of hydraulic accumulators in the hydraulic system of the drive of the movement of the machine will allow accumulating the energy of the machine raised above the ground when walking, and the introduction of an additional support shoe into the support base of the machine will get rid of dragging the base. In general, the presented modernization of the mechanism will reduce the energy consumption of moving a dragline excavator with a three-bearing walking mechanism with a hydraulic drive and, ultimately, reduce the cost of mining. Purpose of the work: to improve the efficiency of the dragline as a whole by increasing the energy efficiency of its movement. Objectives: consider design changes to reduce the energy cost of moving the dragline. Results. A variant of adding a support shoe into the walking mechanism is considered, which makes it possible to eliminate the friction of the base against the rock along the path by completely separating the base from the ground. Calculations of energy consumption of mechanisms for different types of draglines with the existing and proposed mechanism are carried out. Conclusions, application of results. The calculations given in this paper allow us to conclude about the effectiveness of the changes made to the design of the walking mechanism. The proposed mechanism allows you to significantly reduce the cost of moving and get rid of the disadvantages inherent in the existing mechanism.

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Power Supply Patterns in Microgrids for DC Powered Electrical Appliances

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Siddharth Narayanan ◽  
Rajagopalan Badrinarayanan ◽  
Zhen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Model Simplification ◽  
Dc Microgrids ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

To increase the energy efficiency and reduce the cost, the DC-Microgrids will have a very promising future in the power supply systems. In this paper, two power supply patterns for modern appliances, the central rectifier pattern and the distributed rectifier pattern, are investigated and compared. A concept of equivalent efficiency of diode bridge rectifier for DC-powered appliances is introduced and then it is applied in the model simplification. A Curved-Load model is constructed which is based on the specific efficiency characteristics of diode bridge rectifier in a particular current range and the statistics for appliance’s energy consumption as a percentage of the total. Using the Curved-Load model, the comparison of two microgrid system models was conducted with the help of simulations using Ansoft Simplorer 9.0 aiming to examine the conversion efficiency of rectifier patterns.

Rail Transportation Energy Efficiency-Oriented Technologies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Rail transportation is playing a very important role in the effort to keep the world’s expanding major cities safe and mobile. Travel by rail can move people and cargo with higher levels of energy efficiency, greater safety, lower cost and greater reliability than any other mode of transportation. On average, trips by train can generate between one third and one fifth of the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the equivalent automobile or airplane travel. Environmental awareness plus reduced operating costs are primary considerations in decision making for new transit programs around the globe. Energy consumption is a major part of rail operation costs and has been at the focus of rail systems sustainability initiatives. The majority of energy consumed by metropolitan and urban rail systems is used to move the trains. In recent years, energy saving technologies for rail vehicle power systems have been implemented on many rail systems worldwide. Improving railway energy efficiency results in not only a reduction in energy consumption and cost, but also a reduction in pollution due to power generation. In an effort to promote environmental quality and energy efficiency, energy usage in rail systems is analyzed to identify new technologies, developments, and procedures for increased efficiency. This paper provides an overview of the various strategies and solutions used to increase energy efficiency in rail systems and highlights the key technologies needed for their implementation.

scholarly journals Cost efficiency of retrofit measures for typical masonry houses in Kosovo

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Egzon Bajraktari ◽  
Violeta Nushi ◽  
Manuela Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University ◽  
Initial Results

A major challenge our society faces today is the energy consumption of buildings. Building stock is responsible for about 40% of energy consumption worldwide. The same applies to Kosovo, where a large number of houses are poorly weatherized and inefficient in terms of energy consumption. Most of the energy consumption in the household sector in Kosovo is dedicated to the needs for heating purposes. Furthermore, many of these houses use wood or coal for heating, releasing a lot of gases in the air and so contributing to an increased air pollution both indoors and outdoors. The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina” aims to address the issue of energy efficiency for these houses. Specifically, in this study we intend to evaluate various retrofit measures applicable in the country for typical masonry houses and identify the cost-efficient solution. This paper reports the initial results of the study and discusses related challenges.

scholarly journals Determination of Correct Lighting Based on Fuzzy Logic Model to Reduce Electricity in the Workplace

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahib Imamguluyev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Logic Model ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Model

Today, awareness of electrical systems is almost one of our main needs. Reducing our energy consumption by ensuring energy efficiency in such a widely used system provides savings that will affect the economy and the life of energy sources, both economically and in terms of energy efficiency. The difference between electricity generation and the amount of electricity required in the last few years has been a cause for concern. In recent years, due to the increase in electricity prices, the steering committees of various organizations have begun to consider various ways to reduce electricity prices, and in this regard, attention should be paid to the basic lighting system. By applying healing methods or using new technologies without reducing production and switching to more efficient use of energy. Improving energy efficiency is more economical than investing in new energy sources. Energy saving in lighting is to provide good lighting conditions without compromising the quality of light. It is possible to achieve the same level of lighting with energy consumption, as good lighting will be provided by more efficient lighting elements. With efficient lighting, there will be less electricity consumption and eye health will be protected. This article discusses the application of a lighting system based on a fuzzy logic model to reduce electricity costs in offices.

scholarly journals Cost optimal energy performance renovation measures in a municipal service building in a cold climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Paula Sankelo ◽  
Juha Vinha ◽  
Kai Sirén ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Target Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Building

The energy saving potential of existing buildings is significant compared to new buildings in the EU region. To reduce significantly the CO2 emissions of buildings, energy efficiency of old buildings need to be improved. Aim of this study is to determine cost-optimal solutions for energy renovation and renewable energy production systems for an old existing service building. The example building of this study is a residence for elderly people, which was built in 1955 and located in Finland. This study was carried out by a dynamic building simulation tool IDA-ICE and multi objective optimization tool MOBO. The cost-optimal renovation concepts were determined from over 2.6 billion renovation measure combinations to minimize both target energy consumption and life-cycle costs over 20 years. The results show that air-to-water heat pump is more cost effective heating system for the studied building than district heating from the building owner point of view. Improving thermal insulation level of the external walls from the original level is not the most cost-effective option to improve the energy efficiency of the building. Instead of that, for example, installation of PV and solar thermal systems are recommended in all the cost-optimal solutions regardless of the target energy consumption level.

scholarly journals Architecture and Mechanisms of Energy Auto-Tuning

2012 ◽  
pp. 45-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Götz ◽  
Claas Wilke ◽  
Sebastian Cech ◽  
Uwe Aßmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Data Extraction Tool ◽  
Auto Tuning ◽  
The Cost

Energy efficiency of IT infrastructures has been a well-discussed research topic for several decades. The resulting approaches include hardware optimizations, resource management in operating systems, network protocols, and many more. The approach the authors present in this chapter is a self-optimization technique for IT infrastructures, which takes hard- and software components as well as users of software applications into account. It is able to ensure minimal energy consumption for a user request along with a set of non-functional requirements (e.g., the refresh rate of a data extraction tool). To optimize the ratio between utility of end users and the cost in terms of energy consumption, the system needs inherent variability leading to differentiated energy profiles and mechanisms to reconfigure the system at runtime. The authors present their approach called Energy Auto-Tuning (EAT) comprised of these mechanisms and an architecture which automatically tunes the energy efficiency of IT systems.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of a hybrid cable yarding system: A case study in the North-Eastern Italian Alps under real working conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cadei ◽  
Omar Mologni ◽  
Luca Marchi ◽  
Francesco Sforza ◽  
Dominik Röser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Line System ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Cable Yarding ◽  
Cable Lines

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, low emission or zero-emission technologies have been applied to light and heavyduty vehicles by adopting electric propulsion systems and battery energy storage. Hybrid cable yarders and electrical slack-pulling carriages could represent an opportunity to increase the energy efficiency of forestry operations leading to lower impact timber harvesting and economic savings thanks to reduced fuel consumption. However, given the limited experience with hybrid-electric systems applied to cable yarding operations, these assumptions remain uncertain. This study assessed an uphill cable yarding operation using a hybrid cable yarder and an active slack-pulling electric power carriage over thirty working days. A total of 915 work cycles on four different cable lines were analysed. Longterm monitoring using Can-BUS data and direct field observations were used to evaluate the total energy efficiency, total energy efficiency (%), and fuel consumption per unit of timber extracted (L/m3). The use of the electric-hybrid system with a 700 V supercapacitor to store the recovered energy made it possible to reduce the running time of the engine by about 38% of the total working time. However, only 35% to 41% of the Diesel-based mechanical energy was consumed by the mainline and haulback winches. Indeed, the remaining energy was consumed by the other winches of the cable line system (skyline, strawline winches and carriage recharging or breaking during outhaul) or dissipated by the system (e.g., by the haulback blocks). With reference to all work cycles, the highest net energy consumption occurred during the inhaulunload work element with a maximum of 1.15 kWh, consuming 70% of total net energy consumption to complete a work cycle. In contrast, lower energy consumption was recorded for lateral skid and outhaul, recording a maximum of 23% and 32% of the total net energy consumption, respectively. The estimated recovered energy, on average between the four cable lines, was 2.56 kWh. Therefore, the reduced fuel need was assessed to be approximately 730 L of fuel in the 212.5 PMH15 of observation, for a total emissions reduction of 1907 kg CO2 eq, 2.08 kg CO2 eq for each work cycle.

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