Chemical profile, bactericidal in vitro potential and toxicity against Artemia salina Leach of essential oils obtained from natural condiments

Interest in essential oils and their food applications has grown due to the negative reaction of consumers to synthetic chemical additives intentionally added in industrialized products in order to increase their shelf life. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, toxicity to Artemia salina Leach and antibacterial activity in vitro of essential oils obtained from natural condiments on bacteria of clinical and food importance. Plant material was obtained in the municipality of São Luís-MA. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation at 100 °C/3 h. Folin Ciocalteau methodology was performed for the determination of total phenolics. The toxicity assay was performed using the artemia salina Leach lethality bioassay. Antimicrobial activity followed the methodology described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute using the Broth Disc Diffusion and Dilution Method for the action of essential oils against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The presence of bioactive classes in the plant materials used in this research was identified and the essential oils obtained were classified as nontoxic in the toxicity assay, presenting low lethality to the micro crustacean Artemia salina Leach. In the bactericidal activity assay, the essential oils of O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, C. zeylanicum showed significant results, classified as efficient against the microorganisms tested. Finally, the use of essential oils classified as active and nontoxic is highlighted in this study as alternatives in the control and combat of pathogenic microorganisms presenting a proposal of natural product with low cost of obtaining and high market potential.

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Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2017-0150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (9-10) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nursenem Karaca ◽

Betül Demirci ◽

Fatih Demirci

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Lavandula Stoechas ◽

Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

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Effect ofCymbopogon martinii, Foeniculum vulgare, andTrachyspermum ammiEssential Oils on the Growth and Mycotoxins Production byAspergillusSpecies

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2014/874135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Negero Gemeda ◽

Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel ◽

Daniel Asrat ◽

Asfaw Debella

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Natural Food ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Toxigenic Strains ◽

Mammalian Toxicity

This study was performed to investigate effect of essential oils onAspergillusspore germination, growth, and mycotoxin production.In vitroantifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities ofCymbopogon martinii, Foeniculum vulgare,andTrachyspermum ammiessential oils were carried out on toxigenic strains ofAspergillusspecies. Plant materials were hydrodistilled for 4-5 h in Clevenger apparatus. 0.25 μL/mL, 0.5 μL/mL, 1 μL/mL, 2 μL/mL, and 4 μL/mL concentrations of each essential oil were prepared in 0.1% Tween 80 (V/V).T. ammioil showed highest antifungal activity. Absolute mycelial inhibition was recorded at 1 μL/mL by essential oils ofT. ammi. The oil also showed complete inhibition of spore germination at a concentration of 2 μL/mL. In addition,T. ammioil showed significant antiaflatoxigenic potency by totally inhibiting toxin production fromA. nigerandA. flavusat 0.5 and 0.75 μL/mL, respectively.C. martinii, F. vulgare,andT. ammioils as antifungals were found superior over synthetic preservative. Moreover, a concentration of 5336.297 μL/kg body weight was recorded for LC50 on mice indicating the low mammalian toxicity. In conclusion, the essential oils fromT. ammican be a potential source of safe natural food preservative for food commodities contamination byAspergillusspecies.

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Antimicrobial potential of 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives

Acta Pharmaceutica ◽

10.2478/v10007-011-0034-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 447-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soni Singh ◽

Sujata Bhat

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Aromatic Aldehydes ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Phenylpropionic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Vinyl Derivatives

Antimicrobial potential of 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives Twenty Baylis-Hillman adducts were synthesized from different aromatic aldehydes and activated vinyl derivatives. The adducts, which are differently substituted 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives, were screened for their antimicrobial activity in vitro by the serial dilution method. Many of these molecules displayed potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. The ease of synthesis from low-cost starting materials along with potent antimicrobial activity of these molecules provide the lead for further improvement of activity and reflect the possibility of therapeutic use.

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Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Minyak Atsiri terhadap Pertumbuhan Microsporum canis secara in Vitro

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v5i1.441 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bunga Saridewi Nurmansyah ◽

Aziz Djamal Djamal ◽

Asterina Asterina

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Tropical Areas

AbstrakDermatofitosis merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di daerah tropis. Minyak atsiri merupakan salah satu potensi alam Indonesia yang diketahui memiliki daya antifungi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas beberapa minyak atsiri (serai wangi, kayu manis dan cengkeh) sebagai antijamur dalam mengendalikan pertumbuhan Microsporum canis penyebab dermatofitosis secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi KP Balittro Laing Solok dari Februari sampai April 2014. Studi eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan metode pengenceran disusun dalam Desain Rancang Acak Lengkap dalam Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jenis minyak atsiri (daun serai wangi, daun kayu manis, daun cengkeh). Faktor kedua adalah tingkat konsentrasi minyak atsiri (100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm dan 2000 ppm). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun serai wangi, daun kayu manis dan daun sarasah cengkeh efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan M. canis secara in vitro. Ketiga minyak atsiri pada konsentrasi 500 ppm telah mampu menghambat pertumbuhan M. canis hingga 100%. Minyak atsiri daun sarasah cengkeh memiliki efek antifungi paling tinggi (89,17%), diikuti minyak atsiri daun serai wangi (80,98%) dan kayu manis (77,07%). Kata kunci: minyak atsiri, serai wangi, cengkeh, kayumanis, microsporum canis AbstractDermatophytosis is an important public health problem in tropical areas. Essential oil is one of natural potential from Indonesia has been predicted as antifungal. The objective of this study was to detect effectivity some essential oils such as citronella, cinnamon and clove as antifungal to control the growth of dermatophyte infections caused by Microsporum canis by in vitro . The study was done in the Laboratory of Phytopathology KP Balitro of Laing Solok from February until April 2014. This is an experimental study with dilution method arranged in Complete Randomized Design in factorial. The first factor was the kind of essential oil (citronella leaf, cinnamon leaf and clove leaf). The second factor was the level of concentration of the essential oil (100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm dan 2000 ppm). The result of this study showed the essential oil of citronella, cinnamon and cloves effective in suppressing the growth of M. canis. The three essential oil at a concentration of 500 ppm was able to inhibit the growth of M. canis to 100%. Clove essential oils have the highest antifungal effect (89,17%), while citronella essential oil 80,98% and cinnamon 77,07%.Keywords: essential oil, citronella, cinnamon, clove, microsporum canis

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Antimicrobial efficacy of five essential oils against oral pathogens: An in vitro study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.119078 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 07 (S 01) ◽

pp. S071-S077 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Nilima Thosar ◽

Silpi Basak ◽

Rakesh N. Bahadure ◽

Monali Rajurkar

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Peppermint Oil ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Lavender Oil ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

Oral Pathogens

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five essential oils against oral pathogens and to find out the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of five essential oils against oral pathogens. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activities by detecting MIC and MBC/MFC of five essential oils such as tea tree oil, lavender oil, thyme oil, peppermint oil and eugenol oil were evaluated against four common oral pathogens by broth dilution method. The strains used for the study were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus fecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Results: Out of five essential oils, eugenol oil, peppermint oil, tea tree oil exhibited significant inhibitory effect with mean MIC of 0.62 ± 0.45, 9.00 ± 15.34, 17.12 ± 31.25 subsequently. Mean MBC/MFC for tea tree oil was 17.12 ± 31.25, for lavender oil 151.00 ± 241.82, for thyme oil 22.00 ± 12.00, for peppermint oil 9.75 ± 14.88 and for eugenol oil 0.62 ± 0.45. E. fecalis exhibited low degree of sensitivity compared with all essential oils. Conclusion: Peppermint, tea tree and thyme oil can act as an effective intracanal antiseptic solution against oral pathogens.

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Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Leaf Essential Oils of Twelve Species of Piper from Monteverde, Costa Rica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300823 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

William N. Setzer ◽

Grace Park ◽

Brittany R. Agius ◽

Sean L. Stokes ◽

Tameka M. Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Human Breast ◽

Human Breast Tumor ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Mcf 7

The leaf essential oils of twelve species of Piper (Piperaceae) from Monteverde, Costa Rica ( Piper aequale, Piper amalago, Piper biasperatum, Piper bredemeyeri, Piper dotanum, Piper fimbriulatum, Piper glabrescens, Piper imperiale, Piper lanceifolium, Piper nemorense, Piper oblanceolatum, and Piper sp. A near aereum) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The Piper leaf oils have been screened for antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli; for Artemia salina (brine shrimp) lethality; for in-vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (human breast tumor) cells; and inhibition of the cysteine protease cruzain. A cluster analysis comparison with previously published Piper leaf oil compositions was carried out in order to discern the differences and similarities between the volatile chemical compositions of Piper species.

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In-Vitro Evaluation of 52 Commercially-Available Essential Oils Against Leishmania amazonensis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24071248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1248 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lianet Monzote ◽

Isabel Herrera ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

William Setzer

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Low Cost ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Peritoneal Macrophages ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Antileishmanial Activities

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by members of the Leishmania genus of parasitic protozoa that cause different clinical manifestations of the disease. Current treatment options for the cutaneous disease are limited due to severe side effects, poor efficacy, limited availability or accessibility, and developing resistance. Essential oils may provide low cost and readily available treatment options for leishmaniasis. In-vitro screening of a collection of 52 commercially available essential oils has been carried out against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. In addition, cytotoxicity has been determined for the essential oils against mouse peritoneal macrophages in order to determine selectivity. Promising essential oils were further screened against intracellular L. amazonensis amastigotes. Three essential oils showed notable antileishmanial activities: frankincense (Boswellia spp.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), and wintergreen (Gualtheria fragrantissima Wall.) with IC50 values against the amastigotes of 22.1 ± 4.2, 19.1 ± 0.7, and 22.2 ± 3.5 μg/mL and a selectivity of 2, 7, and 6, respectively. These essential oils could be explored as topical treatment options for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Essential oils of the leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and fruit peels of Hymenaea courbaril (L.) var. courbaril as molluscides against Biomphalaria glabrata

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e1239108215

Author(s):

Gustavo Oliveira Everton ◽

Paulo Sérgio Santos Júnior ◽

Everton Holanda Sales ◽

Paulo Victor Serra Rosa ◽

Andressa Almeida Santana Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Syzygium Cumini ◽

Toxicity Assay ◽

Hymenaea Courbaril ◽

Molluscicidal Activity

This study evaluated the molluscicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) of Syzygium cumini L. and Hymenaea courbaril L. Hydrodistillation was used to extract the EOs. The chemical characterization was performed by Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The bioassay of Artemia salina Leach was used for the toxicity test. The molluscicidal assay tested concentrations of 10-80 mg L-1 of the EOs against Biomphalaria glabrata. The major constituent of The EO of S. cumini was isokaryophyllene and H. courbaril the Germacreno-D. The toxicity assay classified The EOs as nontoxic with LC50 412.10 mg L-1 for S. cumini and LC50 354.80 mg L-1 for H. courbaril. The molluscicidal assay purchased LC50 44.76/ LC90 77.20 for S. cumini and LC50 37.34 mg L-1/ LC90 73.24 mg L-1 for H. courbaril. The results showed that both EOs can be used as natural molluscicides in combating the snail Biomphalaria glabrata.

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Inhibitory effects of different medicinal plants on Candida albicans growth

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.5995 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 5995-2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ZORAN TAMBUR ◽

DESANKA CENIĆ MILOŠEVIĆ ◽

IVAN MILEUSNIĆ ◽

RADOJE DODER ◽

MARJAN MARJANOVIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Ethanol Extracts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal properties of ethanol extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants from Serbia against Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231. Ethanol extracts of fifteen plants were investigated, and their effects were compared with those of three different essential oils. The sensitivity of C. albicans to all plants was tested by the agar dilution method. The assay plates were estimated to contain 300, 150, 75, and 37.5 µg/ml of active extracts and 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 µg/ml of active essential oils. Inocula were applied to agar surfaces, giving approximately 106 cfu/ml of C. albicans. No inhibitory effects were observed for ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum and Salvia officinalis (MIC > 300 µg/ml). The most effective were the ethanol extract of Aesculus hippocastanum (MIC = 37.5 µg/ml) and the essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii (MIC = 12.5 µg/ml). Other plants showed MIC from 25 to 300 µg/ml. As far as we know, the inhibitory effects of these medicinal plants against the reference strain of C. albicans have not been commonly investigated in our country. Although the essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii shows strong activity against C. albicans, these results need clinical evaluation..

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In vitro Evaluation of Various Antimicrobials against Field Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae Isolates in Egypt

10.1101/726000 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marwa I Abd El-Hamid ◽

Naglaa FS Awad ◽

Usama H. Abo-Shama ◽

MH Yousreya ◽

Mahmoud A Abdel-Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Pcr Assays

AbstractAmong many avian mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are recognized as the main etiological agents of respiratory diseases and infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys causing tremendous economic losses worldwide. Therefore, proper treatment is promoted for the control of these diseases. This study was the first in Egypt to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of various antimicrobials against field MG and MS isolates recovered from chicken and turkey flocks using both conventional microdilution and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Totally, 47 mycoplasma isolates were recovered from 160 collected tracheal samples (29.4%). Of these, 44 MG (27.5%) and 3 MS (1.9%) were identified using conventional and molecular assays. The in vitro susceptibilities of 4 representative mycoplasma isolates (3 MG and one MS) to 8 antibiotics and 4 essential oils were investigated. The tested isolates showed various susceptibilities to tested antimicrobials. Toldin CRD, followed by clove, cumin and cinnamon oils were commonly effective against both MG and MS clinical isolates with MIC values ranging from 0.49 to 15.63 µg/mL. Similarly, tylvalosin was the most active antibiotic against MG and MS isolates with the lowest MIC values (0.015-0.03 µg/mL). DNA copies of both MG mgc2 and MS vlhA genes were markedly decreased upon treatment with majority of tested antimicrobials confirming their effectiveness as was also evaluated by conventional MIC results. In conclusion, Toldin CRD and tylvalosin were found to be the most effective antimicrobials in this study, which will contribute in controlling avian mycoplasma infections.Author SummaryAvian mycoplasmosis is considered as one of the most prominent economic problems in the commercial poultry industry worldwide. Antimicrobial therapy is the most effective tool for treatment of mycoplasmas. Owing to the side effects of antibiotics and the development of resistance to the currently used drugs, an increased emphasis on the use of alternative antimicrobials is of utmost importance. Here, we evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effects of some essential oils and various commercial antibiotics against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) field isolates using micro-broth dilution method and qRT-PCR assays. We found that toldin CRD, followed by clove, cumin and cinnamon oils were effective against both MG and MS clinical isolates. Similarly, tylvalosin was the most active antibiotic against MG and MS isolates. We also found that DNA copies of both MG mgc2 and MS vlhA genes were markedly decreased upon treatment with majority of tested antimicrobials. Our study provides new insights into the control of avian mycoplasma infections.

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