scholarly journals Herbicida e palha de babaçu em banco de sementes de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-caupi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e59710414498
Author(s):  
Jordanya Ferreira Pinheiro ◽  
Maria José Pinheiro Corrêa ◽  
Michel Anderson Masiero ◽  
Raymyson Rhuryo de Sousa Queiroz ◽  
Chiara Sanches Lisboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

A estimativa do banco de sementes da população infestante é importante na elaboração de estratégias de controle de plantas daninhas que interferem na produção das culturas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o levantamento da composição específica da vegetação infestante que constitui o banco de sementes na cultura do feijão-caupi quando associada a aplicação de palha de babaçu e herbicidas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em quatro repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema simples, distribuídos em dois herbicida (bentazon e fluazifop-p- butil) e quatro quantidade de palhas de babaçu (0; 5; 10 e 15 t.ha-1). Além disso, foi mantida uma testemunha infestada com mato durante todo o ciclo da cultura, constituindo nove tratamentos experimentais. As folhas de palmeiras babaçu foram coletadas, triturada e pesadas seguindo cada tratamento e distribuídas nas entrelinhas do feijão-caupi após a emergência da cultura. Os herbicidas foram aplicados plantulas com a segunda e terceira folha trifoliolada completamente expandida. Estimou-se o banco de sementes retirando 50 amostras simples, após a colheita da cultura do feijão. As plântulas foram quantificadas e identificadas, calculado os parâmetros fitossociológicos: densidade relativa (De. R), frequência relativa (Fr. R.) e o índice de valor de importância (IVI). A composição florística do banco de sementes é representada pelas famílias Poaceae e Cyperaceae. As espécies Cyperus iria e Dactyloctenium aegyptium apresentam o maior número de indivíduos no período avaliado. O maior número de sementes viáveis foi obtido no tratamento T7 (fluazifop-p- butyl e 10 t ha-1 de palha).

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Abdelbaset M. Elgamal ◽  
Yasser A. EI-Amier ◽  
Tarik A. Mohamed ◽  
Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chemometric Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Authentic Materials ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Hexahydrofarnesyl Acetone ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The integration of green natural chemical resources in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications allures researchers and scientistic worldwide. Cleome amblyocarpa has been reported as an important medicinal plant. However, its essential oil (EO) has not been well studied; therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the C. amblyocarpa, collected from Egypt, and assess the allelopathic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of its EO. The EO of C. amblyocarpa was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chemometric analysis of the EO composition of the present studied ecospecies and the other reported ecospecies was studied. The allelopathic activity of the EO was evaluated against the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Additionally, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were determined. Forty-eight compounds, with a prespondence of sesquiterpenes, were recorded. The major compounds were caryophyllene oxide (36.01%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.92%), alloaromadendrene epoxide (6.17%), myrtenyl acetate (5.73%), isoshyobunone (4.52%), shyobunol (4.19%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.45%). The chemometric analysis revealed inconsistency in the EO composition among various studied ecospecies, where it could be ascribed to the environmental and climatic conditions. The EO showed substantial allelopathic inhibitory activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of D. aegyptium, with IC50 values of 54.78, 57.10, and 74.07 mg L−1. Additionally, the EO showed strong antioxidant potentiality based on the IC50 values of 4.52 mg mL−1 compared to 2.11 mg mL−1 of the ascorbic acid as standard. Moreover, this oil showed significant anti-inflammation via the suppression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX1, and COX2), along with membrane stabilization. Further study is recommended for analysis of the activity of pure authentic materials of the major compounds either singularly or in combination, as well as for evaluation of their mechanism(s) and modes of action as antioxidants or allelochemicals.

Evaluation of Herbicidal Potential of Eucalyptus spp for Biological Control of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Amal Ehtaiwesh
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Traits

Pots culture experiment was conducted to evaluates the herbicidal potential of Eucalyptus spp. (aceae) on growth of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. (Poaceae). Leaves extract with concentrations of 10, 20 and 40% of Eucalyptus plant were applied as soil and foliar application to seeds and seedlings of D. aegyptium species.  The result indicated that the application of Eucalyptus leaves extracts caused significant reduction in germination traits, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights. Also, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus extract on D. aegyptium L was more noticeable in plant growth traits than on germination traits. Results show that among the different concentration of Eucalyptus leave extracts used in this study, 40% was the most toxic and caused the significant effect on germination and growth traits of Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Application of 40% of Eucalyptus leave extract decreased germination percentage by 30%, mean daily germination by 45%, shoot length by 38%. root length by 54%, number of branches by 61%, number of leavesby59%, seedling fresh weights by 23%, seedling dry weights by 62% and seedling vigor index by 60%. The results of this study concluded that the use of Eucalyptus plants have the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. However, more researches are needed to evaluate the negative impact of Eucalyptus on crop growth.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpenes-Rich Essential Oil from Above Ground Parts of Pulicaria somalensis Exhibited Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Effect on Weeds

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Assaeed ◽  
Abdelsamed Elshamy ◽  
Abd El-Nasser El Gendy ◽  
Basharat Dar ◽  
Saud Al-Rowaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Main Components

Pulicaria genus (fleabane) is characterized by its fragrant odor due to the presence of essential oil (EO). According to the literature reviews, the EO of Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. (Shie) is still unexplored. For the first time, 71 compounds were characterized in EO derived from above-ground parts of P. somalensis collected from Saudi Arabia. Sesquiterpenes represented the main components (91.8%), along with minor amounts of mono-, diterpenes, and hydrocarbons. Juniper camphor (24.7%), α-sinensal (7.7%), 6-epi-shyobunol (6.6%), α-zingiberene (5.8%), α-bisabolol (5.3%), and T-muurolol (4.7%) were characterized as main constituents. The correlation analysis between different Pulicaria species showed that P. somalensis has a specific chemical pattern of the EO, thereby no correlation was observed with other reported Pulicaria species. The EO showed significant allelopathic activity against the weeds of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (crowfoot grass) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The IC50 value on the germination of D. aegyptium was double that of B. pilosa. The IC50 values on the root growth of B. pilosa and D. aegyptium were 0.6 mg mL−1 each, while the shoot growths were 1.0 and 0.7 mg mL−1, respectively. This variation in the activity could be attributed to the genetic characteristics of the weeds. Moreover, the EO exhibited significant antioxidant effects compared to ascorbic acid. Further studies are necessary to verify if these biological activities of the EO could be attributable to its major compounds.

scholarly journals Hospedeiros alternativos de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rosa Peixoto ◽  
Rosa L.R. Mariano ◽  
José Osmã T. Moreira ◽  
Ivanise O. Viana
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv), que causa o cancro bacteriano da videira, sobrevive em plantas infectadas, epifiticamente em órgãos da parte aérea e pode ser veiculada em mudas e/ou bacelos infectados. O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar possíveis hospedeiros alternativos do patógeno, visando fornecer subsídios para o manejo da doença. A partir das plantas invasoras Alternanthera tenella, Amaranthus sp., Glycine sp. e Senna obtusifolia com sintomas similares aos do cancro bacteriano da videira, coletadas em parreirais de Juazeiro e Petrolina, no Submédio São Francisco, foram isoladas bactérias semelhantes a Xcv. No entanto, nenhuma bactéria foi isolada de plantas de Commelina benghalensis e Azadirachta indica com sintomas semelhantes. A patogenicidade dos isolados bacterianos obtidos foi confirmada em plantas de A. tenella, Amaranthus sp., Glycine sp., S. obtusifolia e em mudas de videira cv. Red Globe, em condições de casa de vegetação. As plantas invasoras Chamaesyce hirta, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eragrostis pilosa e Pilea sp., inoculadas artificialmente com os isolados Xcv1 e UnB1216, também desenvolveram sintomas típicos do cancro bacteriano.

The response to salinity of a population of Dactyloctenium aegyptium from a saline habitat in southern Nigeria

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Adu ◽  
A. R. Yeo ◽  
O. T. Okusanya
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Water Contents

ABSTRACTThe effects of salinity upon the growth, photosynthesis, ion and water contents of a population of Dactyloctenium aegyptium originating from a saline site in Nigeria were investigated. Growth was unaffected by a salinity of 10% artificial sea water, but was reduced by one third in 20% and by two thirds in 30% artificial sea water respectively. Initial adjustment to salinity was due both to increases in the concentrations of sodium and potassium per unit dry weight and to reduced hydration, the latter being the more important at higher salinities. The increase in ion concentration in the cell sap balanced the salinity of the medium at 10% artificial sea water, but was excessive at higher concentrations of sea water. Net photosynthesis was unaffected by 10% artificial sea water but declined at higher salinities. The potassium content of the plants did not fall below 200–250 mM, and the sodium to potassium ratio did not exceed three, even at the highest salinities. Variation in the concentration of nutrients (potassium, nitrate and sulphate) in the medium in the presence of 25% artificial sea water had significant effects upon growth, but these were small in relation to the inhibitory effect of the salinity.The reduction in growth could not be attributed to lack of osmotic adjustment or to nutrient deficiency, and was probably due to ion toxicity within the leaves. The tolerance to reduced hydration, combined with the ability to germinate in saline conditions previously observed, could enable D. aegyptium to establish in a saline soil. The population did not exhibit any halophytic characteristics but did survive with a low growth rate at salinities up to 50% artificial sea water. It is concluded that the species was able to colonize the saline site because of its inherent adaptability, rather than the possession of an ecotype adapted to saline conditions.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of anti-fertility activity of Dactyloctenium aegyptium in male albino rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sreedhar Naik ◽  
Nim Bahadur Dangi ◽  
Hari Prasad Sapkota ◽  
Nabin Wagle ◽  
S. Nagarjuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

scholarly journals Dominansi Gulma Invasif Pada Beberapa Tipe Pemanfaatan Lahan Di Kecamatan Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Firmansyah ◽  
Khusrizal Khusrizal ◽  
Rd Selvy Handayani ◽  
Maisura Maisura ◽  
Baidhawi Baidhawi
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Ageratina Adenophora ◽  
Sampling Plot

Gulma invasif mampu menginvasi suatu lahan apabila memiliki kemampuan dominansi terhadap tumbuhan asli. Proses invasif diawali dari kehadiran gulma invasif disuatu areal lahan hingga terjadinya dominansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung dominansi spesies gulma invasif pada beberapa tipe pemanfaatan lahan di Kecamatan Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara dengan metode survei dan purposive sampling, plot bersarang dibuat sebanyak 24 plot untuk masing-masing tingkatan vegetasi gulma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada beberapa tipe pemanfaatan lahan pertanian yang meliputi lahan tegalan/kebun, ladang/huma, perkebunan, hutan rakyat, padang rumput, sawah irigasi, sawah non irigasi dan tambak/kolam di Kecamatan Sawang  Kabupaten Aceh Utara pada bula April-Juni 2020. Setiap jenis gulma invasif yang dijumpai di dalam petak sampling diambil foto, dicocokkan  morfologinya berdasarkan buku identifikasi gulma kemudian dihitung dominansinya. Parameter penelitian yaitu komposisi gulma invasif pada tingkat vegetasi dan dominansi gulma invasif pada setiap tipe pemanfaatan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada lahan tegalan/kebun didominasi oleh spesies Axonopus compressus (27,57%), ladang atau huma didominasi oleh gulma Rhynchospora colorata (37,94%), lahan perkebunan didominasi oleh gulma Ageratina adenophora (65,90%), hutan rakyat hanya ditemukan satu jenis gulma yaitu Digitaria fuscescens (68,75%), areal padang rumput didominasi oleh gulma Dactyloctenium aegyptium (33,71%), lahan sawah irigasi didominasi oleh gulma Panicum maximum (22,97%), sawah non irigasi didominasi oleh gulma Mimosa pudica (22,02%), dan lahan tambak/kolam didominasi oleh gulma Eleusine indica (54,17%). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang kemampuan dominansi  gulma invasif pada setiap tipe pemanfaatan lahan di Kecamatan Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara.

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Gulma Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Sawah Organik dan Sawah Anorganik di Desa Ketapang, Kec. Susukan, Kab. Semarang

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Utami ◽  
Lila Ris Purdyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

Penurunan produktifitas padi disebabkan antara lain oleh kompetisi antara gulma dan tanaman padi. Padi merupakan jenis tanaman pangan yang sangat penting karena merupakan sumber makanan pokok. Adanya sistem pertanian yang berbeda memungkinkan jenis gulma dan dominansinya berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas gulma padi pada sistem pertanian organik dan pertanian anorganik. Tehnik sampling dengan metode acak. Plot yang digunakan berukuran 1 m x 1 m dan masing-masing stasiun diambil 5 plot. Sampling gulma dilakukan dengan mencatat jenis-jenis gulma dan menghitung jumlah individu masing-masing spesies.. Dilakukan juga pengukuran faktor lingkungan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 10 jenis gulma padi sawah organik dan 12 jenis gulma padi sawah anorganik. Total individu gulma padi organik lebih banyak dibanding gulma padi anorganik. Jenis gulma padi sawah organik yang mempunyai dominansi tinggi  yaitu Azolla pinnata, Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta sedangkan pada sawah anorganik Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eleocharis acicularis dan Monochoria vaginalis. Tingkat kesamaan antara komunitas gulma padi sawah organik dan anorganik kecil. Kata kunci : kompetisi, produktifitas, gulma, sistem.pertanian  

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