scholarly journals Aspiration cytology of popliteal lymph nodes as a diagnostic method of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e2310514457
Author(s):  
Antônio Carlos Severino Neto ◽  
Gabriel Lopes Germano ◽  
Thâmara Rossi Martins da Silva ◽  
Luiz Antônio de Jesus Sousa ◽  
Priscila Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Molecular Tests

Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Goiás and has high lethality owing to its high zoonotic potential. In dogs, the disease manifests based on the parasitic load, with clinical presentation as the starting for diagnosis. Diagnostic methods are used to confirm the disease, with emphasis on lymph node aspiration cytology, which is a high-standard technique owing to its low cost, ease of performance, and high specificity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate aspiration lymph node cytology as a diagnostic method for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in areas containing low-income populations with poor access to molecular tests. Three dogs with suspected CVL were studied at Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí, in which popliteal lymph node cytology was performed, owing to easy access, and screening and confirmatory examinations were undertaken by the Central Public Health Laboratory. The results showed three positive animals in the cytology and only one positive in the other tests; therefore, there was the possibility of the occurrence of false negatives in serological tests given the time required for seroconversion. Thus, cytology is an important diagnostic technique in areas where molecular tests are not available.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Luiz Nunes de Carvalho ◽  
Emeline de Oliveira Riboldi ◽  
Graziele Lima Bello ◽  
Raquel Rocha Ramos ◽  
Regina Bones Barcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Symptomatic Group ◽  
Molecular Tests

AbstractAlthough serological assays have been widely used for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), they present different performances depending on the clinical profile of the dogs. This study evaluated the accuracy of serological tests, immunochromatographic (Dual Path Platform: DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA EIE®), for CVL in relation to the detection of Leishmania DNA through real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs from a non-endemic area in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Serum from 140 dogs (39 symptomatic and 101 asymptomatic) was tested by DPP and ELISA followed by real-time PCR. From a total of 140 samples evaluated, Leishmania DNA was detected by real-time PCR in 41.4% (58/140). Moreover, 67.2% of samples positive in real-time PCR were positive in both DPP and ELISA (39/58), showing moderate agreement between methods. In the symptomatic group, one sample non-reactive in both serological assays was positive in real-time PCR, whereas in the asymptomatic group, 17.8% non-reactive or undetermined samples in serological assays were positive in the molecular method. Leishmania DNA was not detected in 17.9% reactive samples by serological assays from the symptomatic group, and in 3.9% from asymptomatic dogs. Real-time PCR demonstrated greater homogeneity between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups compared with DPP and ELISA. The molecular method can help to establish the correct CVL diagnosis, particularly in asymptomatic dogs, avoiding undesirable euthanasia.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pereira Spada ◽  
Diogo Tiago da Silva ◽  
Kennya Rozy Real Martins ◽  
Lílian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽  
Maria Luana Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
One Year

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p <0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.

scholarly journals Assessment of a recombinant protein from Leishmania infantum as a novel tool for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis in VL/HIV co-infection cases

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251861
Author(s):  
Rhaíssa E. M. Ramos ◽  
Wagner J. T. Santos ◽  
Franklin B. Magalhães ◽  
George T. N. Diniz ◽  
Carlos H. N. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Life Threatening

Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV-AIDS coinfection (VL/HIV) is considered a life-threatening pathology when undiagnosed and untreated, due to the immunosuppression caused by both diseases. Serological tests largely used for the VL diagnosis include the direct agglutination test (DAT), ELISA and immunochromatographic (ICT) assays. For VL diagnosis in HIV infections, different studies have shown that the use of the DAT assay facilitates the VL diagnosis in co-infected patients, since the performance of the most widely used ELISA and ICT tests, based on the recombinant protein rK39, are much less efficient in HIV co-infections. In this scenario, alternative recombinant antigens may help the development of new serological diagnostic methods which may improve the VL diagnosis for the co-infection cases. This work aimed to evaluate the use of the recombinant Lci2 antigen, related to, but antigenically more diverse than rK39, for VL diagnosis in co-infected sera through ELISA assays. A direct comparison between recombinant Lci2 and rK39 was thus carried out. The two proteins were first tested using indirect ELISA with sera from VL afflicted individuals and healthy controls, with similar performances. They were then tested with two different sets of VL/HIV co-infected cases and a significant drop in performance, for one of these groups, was observed for rK39 (32% sensitivity), but not for Lci2 (98% sensitivity). In fact, an almost perfect agreement (Kappa: 0.93) between the Lci2 ELISA and DAT was observed for the coinfected VL/HIV patients. Lci2 then has the potential to be used as a new tool for the VL diagnosis of VL/HIV co-infections.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Londrina, Paraná - investigation and case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Eloiza Teles Caldart ◽  
Cínthia Peres Camilo ◽  
Jéssica Regina Moreira ◽  
Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos ◽  
Fernanda Pinto Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Severe Clinical Picture ◽  
Search For Information

Dogs are considered the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis for humans, which also present a chronic and severe clinical picture when affected. The objective of the present report was to describe a canine visceral leishmaniasis case diagnosed in Londrina, an indene city, and its investigation. A street animal with extensive dermatological lesions, onychogryphosis, mild anemia and leukopenia was attended at a veterinary hospital in Londrina, where positivity was reported for Leishmania spp. in serological tests. Cytology was positive in bone marrow, PCR and parasite culture were positive in skin, spleen, liver, lymph node and bone marrow, and DNA sequencing confirmed the species of the parasite as L. (L.) infantum. The official diagnosis was made by the Central Laboratory of Paraná (LACEN), and through an official report, an investigation of the case was started for the confirmation of autochthony. An active search for the vector and other canine cases in the neighborhood was carried out along with a search for information on the origin of the animal in question. However, the species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, new canine cases, or origin of the sick animal were not identified. Although, the present case cannot be confirmed as autochthonous, we suggest that it is necessary to disseminate the present report to serve as a warning to veterinarians and other public health professionals in the northern region of Paraná to be attentive to suspicious cases and to not fail to investigate these cases to the end.

Assessment of a New Antigen Detection Test for the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Abeijon ◽  
Stefano Pizzirani ◽  
Antonio Campos-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antigen Protein ◽  
Simple Exposure

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a serious zoonotic disease in Brazil and Southern Europe. CVL is primarily caused by Leishmania infantum and its diagnosis relies primarily on detection of parasites in bone marrow or lymph node aspirates by microscopic observation of the parasites in stained smears, parasite culture, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serological tests exist but they do not distinguish active disease from simple exposure to parasite antigens. Here, we have assessed the utility of a new monoclonal antibody––based antigen (protein) detection test for the diagnosis of CVL. The test was positive in 70% of beagle dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum. In contrast, culture of the parasites from bone marrow aspirates was positive in only 40% of the infected animals. These preliminary results suggest that this antigen detection test, which we have recently described for the diagnosis of human VL, has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool for CVL.

scholarly journals First description of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco André Loureiro Tonini ◽  
Elenice Moreira Lemos ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa Reis ◽  
Wendel Coura Vital ◽  
Edelberto Santos Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

INTRODUCTION: We investigated autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan region of Vitória (MRV), an area in which a human case was previously reported. METHODS: Serological, parasitological, and molecular tests were performed in 201 dogs. RESULTS: Twenty-six (13%) and 12 (6%) dogs were identified as positive using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rK39 tests, respectively. Two dogs had a positive culture for Leishmania chagasi, and 4 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Leishmania spp. One positive dog belonged to the aforementioned patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responsible vector was not found, our results provide evidence of autochthonous CVL in the MRV, a non-endemic area for VL.

scholarly journals Active surveillance of canine visceral leishmaniasis and american trypanossomiasis in rural dogs from non endemic area

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozeani Olimpio Tome ◽  
Fernanda Conceição Gaio ◽  
Diego Generoso ◽  
Benedito Donizete Menozzi ◽  
Helio Langoni
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

The canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and american trypanosomiasis are important zoonoses in public health and dogs are the main domestic reservoir of the parasite for humans. The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of circulating antibodies anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania sp. in sera of dogs from the rural area of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. During the annual vaccination campaign against canine rabies in rural area, 689 blood samples were taken and processed by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The serological tests revealed the absence of antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., but anti-T. cruzi antibodies were detected in 3 (0.4%) dogs.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in Amazonian Brazil: comparison of the parasite density from the skin, lymph node and visceral tissues between symptomatic and asymptomatic, seropositive dogs

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Vieira R. Lima ◽  
Liliane Almeida Carneiro ◽  
Marliane Batista Campos ◽  
Eujênia Janis Chagas ◽  
Márcia D. Laurenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Macrophage Density ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Amazonian Brazil

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is recognizable by characteristic signs of disease and is highly lethal. The infection, however, may be quite inapparent in some seropositive dogs, and this has raised the polemic question as to whether or not such animals can be a source of infection for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). In this study we have examined 51 dogs with acute CVL from an AVL area in Pará State, northern Brazil, and compared the parasite density, amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi, in the skin, lymph node and viscera of symptomatic with that of nine asymptomatic but seropositive dogs (IFAT-IgG). Post-mortem biopsy fragments of these tissues were processed by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody against Leishmania sp. The X² and Mann Whitney tests were used to evaluate the means of infected macrophage density (p < 0.05). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the skin (10.7/mm² x 15.5/mm²) and lymph node (6.3/mm² x 8.3/mm²), between asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs, respectively. It was higher (p < 0.05), however, in the viscera of symptomatic (5.3/mm²) than it was in asymptomatic (1.4/mm²) dogs. These results strongly suggest that asymptomatic or symptomatic L. (L.) i. chagasi-infected dogs can serve as a source of infection, principally considering the highest (p < 0.05) parasite density from skin (10.7/mm² x 15.5/mm²), the place where the vetor L. longipalpis takes its blood meal, compared with those from lymph node (6.3/mm² x 8.3/mm²) and viscera (1.4/mm²x 5.3/mm²).

scholarly journals A New Strategy for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis Based on Molecular Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Larios ◽  
Matheus Ribeiro ◽  
Carla Arruda ◽  
Samuel L. Oliveira ◽  
Thalita Canassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The successful control of the disease depends on its accurate and early diagnosis, which is usually made by combining clinical symptoms with laboratory tests such as serological, parasitological, and molecular tests. However, early diagnosis based on serological tests may exhibit low accuracy due to lack of specificity caused by cross-reactivities with other pathogens, and sensitivity issues related, among other reasons, to disease stage, leading to misdiagnosis. In this work was investigated the use of mid-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to perform a fast, accurate and easy canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis. Canine blood sera of non-infected, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma evansi infected groups were studied. The data demonstrate that principal component analysis with machine learning algorithms achieved an overall accuracy above 85% in the diagnosis.

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