Allelopathic potential from cover crops aqueous extract on weeds and maize

Cover crops are used as a strategy to recover degraded soils, improving their physical, chemical and biological characteristics, as well as assisting in the control of weeds through allelochemical compounds released by the shoot degradation process. This work aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the aqueous extract of the cover crops Raphanus sativus L., Avena strigosa (Schreb) and Vicia villosa R. on the germination and initial growth of Zea mays, Amaranthus spinosus L. and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donnell, as well as to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds present in the extract. Straws from the dried and crushed cover crops were used. The extracts were obtained by mixing 10% R. sativus and A. strigosa, and 12% V. villosa in distilled water (m/v). DIC was used, with four replications, in a 3x4 factorial scheme, with 3 cover crops (R. sativus, A. strigosa and V. villosa) and 4 concentrations (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%). The variables analyzed were: germination, germination speed index (GSI), seedling growth, root protrusion (RP), root protrusion speed index (RPSI) and dry mass of the root and shoot. Higher concentrations of the extracts affected the initial development of maize and weeds. The phenolic compounds identified in greater quantity were benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, followed by ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It is suggested that studies of the same nature be carried out in the field, since the interactions between soil microorganisms, climatic conditions can interfere with the results.

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Methods of preparing aqueous extract and bioactivity of Mentha spicata L. on Raphanus sativus L. seeds

Acta Iguazu ◽

10.48075/actaiguaz.v9i4.25680 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 118-130

Author(s):

Leonardo Pereira Xavier ◽

Andrea Pires ◽

Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽

Gabriela Silva Moura ◽

Gilmar Franzener ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Physiological Quality

The plant interaction knowledge can be applied in several sectors in agriculture such as crop rotation, weed management, green manure and the use of cover crops. Studies on the allelopathic potential of certain plants have been carried out with the application of vegetable extracts on the seeds of a sensitive plant, however, a consensus has not been reached regarding the best way to prepare such extracts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of methods of extraction of allelopathic compounds and the bioactivity of different concentrations of the Mentha spicata L. aqueous extract on Raphanus sativus L. seeds. A completely randomized design was used in a 5x4 factorial scheme with four replications and four extraction methods (infusion, grinding in a blender, drying at 40 °C and 70 °C) and five concentrations (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%). The variables investigated were: phenolic compounds quantification, germination, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), radish shoot and root length. The extract presenting the highest amount of phenolic compounds was prepared via infusion (724.36 µg/mL), followed by drying at 40 °C (605.07 µg/mL), blending (594.12 µg/mL) and drying at 70 °C (529.36 µg/mL). The Mentha spicata L. aqueous extracts interfered in the radish seed physiological quality, by inhibiting germination, GSI and MGT increase, mainly when in higher concentrations. There was a directly proportional relation between the quantity of phenolic compounds extracted through different extraction methods and the interference in the physiological quality of the radish seeds.

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Germination and initial development of canola and radish submitted to castor leaves aqueous extracts

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i1.423 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Carlos Alberto Gonsiorkiewicz Rigon ◽

Adriana Tourinho Salamoni ◽

Luan Cutti ◽

Adalin Cezar Morais de Aguiar

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Initial Development ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Radish Seed

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) leaves on germination and initial growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings. Two experiments were conducted, usingcanola seeds for the first, which was installed in a 2x7 factorial scheme (with two photoperiods – dark and light and seven extracts concentrations - 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32%). The second experiment consisted of an evaluation of radish seed germination submitted to seven concentrations of the extracts in the dark photoperiod. The germination of the canola seeds was reduced in the dark, and the use of extracts at concentrations of 16% and 32%inhibited seeds germination for both studied photoperiods. The radish seed germination was completely inhibited when the concentration of 32% was used, however, at the concentrations of 4, 8 and 16% a reduction on rootand hypocoyl development of the seedlings were observed, affirming the high allelopathic potential of castor bean aqueous extracts on canola and radish.

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Phytotoxic effects of extract and essential oil of Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae) leaf litter on grassland species

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt16254 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eliane R. Silva ◽

Diana C. Lazarotto ◽

Joséli Schwambach ◽

Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽

Geraldo L. G. Soares

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Eucalyptus Saligna ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Grassland Species

Under Eucalyptus plantations in the South Brazilian grassland region, few plants establish, and allelopathy may be involved in shaping this pattern. We aimed to assess the phytotoxicity of essential oil and aqueous extract of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. leaf litter on grassland species. We tested the effects of E. saligna pure oil and extract on germination, seedling growth, H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes of Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Eragrostis plana Ness (Poaceae), Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae). Essential oil and aqueous extract of E. saligna affected all recipient species, even at the lowest amounts/concentrations, inhibiting germination and initial growth, and also increasing H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes. Essential oil consisted mainly of monoterpenes and presented α-pinene and 1,8-cineole as the major compounds. The extract contained phenolics, and lower levels of these compounds in the extract were associated with decreased phytotoxicity. We conclude that E. saligna contains phytotoxic compounds in leaf litter that generate oxidative stress and lead to membrane damage, affecting seeds and seedling growth. In addition, we relate E. saligna phytotoxicity to monoterpenes that may be released from leaf litter by volatilisation, and phenolics that may be leached by rainfall. Our study indicates that E. saligna has allelopathic potential on the tested grassland species.

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Development of Moringa OleiferaLAM. seedlings in different substrates

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n2.a425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 09-15

Author(s):

Neisiany Rebelo Pimentel ◽

Daniela Pauletto ◽

Àdria Fernandes da Silva ◽

Thiago Gomes da Silva Oliveira ◽

Orlanilson da Silva Brito

Keyword(s):

Poultry Litter ◽

High Capacity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Arid Soils ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Base Substrate

Moringa oleiferaLam., known as moringa, is an arboreal plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, native to India,and has a high capacity to adapt to climatic conditions and arid soils. In this study we evaluated the initial development of seedlings of M. oleiferaLam. under different substrates conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of eight treatments resulting from combinations of the base substrate (85% soil, 3% carbonized rice straw and 12% coconut fiber). At 60 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of the aerial part and root system, total dry mass were evaluated, in addition to the Dickson quality index (IQD). The best seedling growth occurred using the combination of 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure. Seedlings produced with substrates formulated with 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure showed gains in the evaluated variables, which could be a viable alternative for the production of moringa seedlings.

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Allelopathic potential of Cover Crops in Control of Shrubby False Buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100052 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.A. VARGAS ◽

A.M.A. PASSOS ◽

D. KARAM

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Canavalia Ensiformis ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Searching for alternatives to deal with weeds without the exclusive use of herbicides can increase the sustainability of agricultural production in the Amazon region. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of cover crops on the weed shrubby false buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata L.). Three straw levels (1; 2.5 and 5 mg cm-2) of thirteen cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, M. cinereum, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, S. sudanense, Urochloa brizanha cv. Xaraés, U. brizantha cv. Piatã and U. ruziziensis) were assessed on germination and initial growth of weed and lettuce. We carried out two experiments (weed and lettuce) in a factorial scheme (cover crops x straw levels) with additional treatment (control without straw) in a completely randomized experimental design, with four replicates. The straw of the cover crops inhibited the germination and initial growth of the target plants. The highest straw levels promoted 44.0 and 78.8% reductions in radicle length in relation to the lowest dose (1 mg cm-2), for lettuce and Spermacoce verticillata, respectively. The highest sensitivity to allelochemicals occurred on the radicle. The major suppressive effects on weed germination were promoted by Cajanus cajan, Urochloa brizanha cv. Xaraés, Mucuna cinereum, M. aterrima, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis and U. ruziziensis. Cover crops use is an integrated practice management to control Spermacoce verticillata under no-tillage system.

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Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽

Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽

Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽

Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽

Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

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Salvia officinalis L. coverage on plants development

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/1983-084x/15_180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 488-493

Author(s):

C.T.A. CRUZ-SILVA ◽

L.H.P. NÓBREGA ◽

S.M. DELLAGOSTIN ◽

C.F.G. SILVA

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Guinea Grass ◽

Salvia Hispanica L ◽

Salvia Officinalis L ◽

Plastic Containers ◽

Plant Control

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants with essential oils in their composition havetypicallybeen shown to be promising in plant control. Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is cited for its allelopathic effects. This study evaluated the allelopathic potential of dried sage leaves in vegetation, soil and the development of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomato), Panicum maximum Jacq. (guinea grass) and Salvia hispanica L. (chia) plants. Three seedlings were transplanted seven days after germination in 1 kg plastic containers with soil, in a greenhouse. The grinded dry mass of sage was placed at rates of 3.75; 7.5 15 t ha-1, and a control (no mass). After 30 days, the chlorophyll index of tomato and guinea grass plants were inhibited with 7.5 and 15 t ha-1 sage cover crops. Tomato shoot length was inhibited in all tested rates, and guinea grass plants showed some reduction in growth when using the highest rate of sage mass (15 t ha-1). The dry mass of tomato and guinea grass plants was reduced when using the15 t ha-1, and 7.5 and 15 t ha-1 of sage cover crops, respectively. It can be concluded that there was some effect of sage coverage on the soil in tomato and guinea grass, but no effect was observed on chia plants.

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Doses de esterco de galinha e água disponível sob o desenvolvimento inicial do milho

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i5.4667 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Francisco Marto de Souza ◽

Ellen Caroline Santos Lima ◽

Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽

Lauter Silva Souto ◽

Jonathan Estivens Soares Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Font Size ◽

Initial Development ◽

Available Water ◽

Chicken Litter ◽

Soil Irrigation ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Corn Plants

Objetivou-se estudar o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de milho sob níveis de irrigação e doses de esterco de galinha. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de túnel plástico da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal, Paraíba, no período de Dezembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. O arranjo dos tratamentos constituiu um fatorial 5 x 2, correspondentes a cinco doses de cama de frango e dois níveis de água disponível (AD) de 50 e 100% da CC, mantido após as irrigações do solo, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando as 40 unidades experimentais. O ensaio foi realizado em unidades experimentais compostas por vasos de 18 dm3 de capacidade, semeando manualmente quatro sementes por vaso. As plantas foram conduzidas por 20 dias após a semeadura, onde foram avaliadas quanto a emergência, o crescimento inicial e o acúmulo de massa seca. As doses de 8,4 e 8,5 t ha-1 promovem o maior crescimento das plantas de milho na fase inicial de crescimento. Não houve influência da água disponível e da interação água disponível e as doses de cama de frango sobre a emergência e crescimento da plantas de milho cultivar AG 051 durante os primeiros 20 após a semeadura. Doses of chicken manure and water available under the initial development of maizeAbstract<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;" lang="EN-US">: The objective was to study the initial development of corn plants under irrigation levels and doses of chicken manure. The experiment was carried out in plastic tunnel conditions of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal, Paraíba, from December 2014 to January 2015. The treatment arrangement consisted of a 5 x 2 factorial, corresponding to five doses of chicken litter and two levels of available water (AD) of 50 and 100% CC, maintained after soil irrigation with 10 treatments and four replications, Totaling the 40 experimental units. The experiment was carried out in experimental units composed of vessels of 18 dm3 capacity, manually seeding four seeds per pot. The plants were conducted for 20 days after sowing, where they were evaluated for emergence, initial growth and accumulation of dry mass. The doses of 8.4 and 8.5 t ha-1 promote the highest growth of maize plants in the initial phase of growth. There was no influence of available water and the interaction of available water and broiler litter doses on the emergence and growth of AG 051 maize plants during the first 20 years after sowing.Não houve influência da água disponível e da interação água disponível e as doses de cama de frango sobre a emergência e crescimento da plantas de milho cultivar AG 051 durante os primeiros 20 após a semeadura.

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Allelopathic potential and chemical characterisation of ‘flor-de-papagaio’ bark (Norantea guianensis)

Anales de Biología ◽

10.6018/analesbio.43.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 53-63

Author(s):

Ademir Kleber Morbeck de Oliveira ◽

Rosemary Matias ◽

Kelly Cristina Lacerda Pereira ◽

Elvia Silvia Rizzi ◽

Jéssica de Araújo Isaías Muller

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Negative Interference ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

El objetivo fue llevar a cabo la prospección fitoquímica de la cáscara de Norantea guianensis y evaluar su potencial alelopático en la germinación de semillas y el crecimiento inicial de plántulas de lechuga y tomate, utilizando extractos acuosos y etanólicos. Se identificaron compuestos fenólicos y sus derivados, flavonoides y taninos, así como cumarinas, antraquinonas, alcaloides y saponinas. Se produjo interferencia negativa en la germinación y el vigor, especialmente en las semillas de tomate, y los extractos afectaron negativamente el desarrollo de las plántulas. La especie N. guianensis tiene la capacidad de interferir en el desarrollo de otras plantas y por esta razón, su uso debe evaluarse cuidadosamente. The purpose of thisstudy was to carry out phytochemical prospecting of Norantea guianensis bark and to evaluate its allelopathic potential in seed germination and the initial growth of lettuce and tomato seedlings using aqueous and ethanolic extracts. We identified phenolic compounds and derivatives, flavonoids, and tannins, as well as coumarins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and saponins. Negative interference was observed in germination and vigour tests, mainly in tomato seeds, with extracts negatively affecting seedling development. The species N. guianensis has the ability to interfere in the development of other plants, and for this reason, its use should be carefully evaluated.

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Phenolic Compounds with Allelopathic Potential of Secale cereale L. and Raphanus sativus L. Grown Under an Agroecological No-Tillage System

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

M. SOUZA ◽

J.J. COMIN ◽

C. KURTZ ◽

P.E. LOVATO ◽

A.P. LIMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

No Tillage ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: The identification of compounds with allelopathic potential produced by cover crops can assist in selecting species for weed management purposes in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to identify the main phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential in the shoot of rye (Secale cereale L.) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crops, as well as evaluate whether the cultivation system and phenological stage may influence secondary metabolite production and weed emergence. Samples of the shoot of these cover crops were collected at 60, 80, and 100 days after sowing (DAS) and 15 and 30 days after lodging (DAL) under field conditions. Weed emergence was evaluated at 45, 75, and 100 DAL of cover crops. The main compounds in rye were 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) under monocropping and intercropping, while flavonoid quercetin was found in oilseed radish at all evaluated times. During the growing cycle, the highest contents of phenolic compounds were found at the elongation stage (60 DAS) of rye under monocropping and intercropping systems (9.33 and 8.22 mg g-1 DM, respectively) and at grain filling stage (100 DAS) for oilseed radish intercropped with rye and black oat (3.24 and 3.83 mg g-1 DM, respectively). No differences were found in the contents of the main compounds when the species was grown under monocropping or intercropping systems. A reduction in the contents of MBOA, BOA, and quercetin was observed after lodging. Weed dry matter production was lower at 45 DAL in all treatments with rye and oilseed radish residues when compared to the control. The intercropping of rye with oilseed radish is an alternative management for weed control in agroecological systems due to the physical barrier created by these species and the presence of phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential.

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