scholarly journals Liquid limestone in the acidity correction of a Dystric Cambisol for Brachiaria production in Humaitá, Amazonas.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e415985517
Author(s):  
Klisman de Almeida do Nascimento ◽  
Milton César Costa Camposita ◽  
Wildson Benedito Mendes Brito ◽  
Elilson Gomes de Brito Filho ◽  
José Maurício da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

Conventional solid limestone most commonly used in agriculture generally has disadvantages in handling, in addition to a certain infeasibility for small producers when compared to the use of liquid limestone with high purity and reactivity. Therefore, a better understanding of the dynamics of liquid limestone employed in soil acidity correction is important. Thus, this work proposes the use of liquid limestone to correct the acidity of a Dystric Cambisol in pasture cultivation in Humaitá, AM. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, where plastic pots were prepared for sowing Brachiaria brizantha, in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications (T1 = witness, T2 = 2.5 L, T3 = 5 L, T4 = 10 L and T5 with common limestone). After 90 days of planting, the shoot and root size of both fresh and dry mass of each treatment were evaluated, as well as the number of tillers. The tillering of B. brizantha was highly responsive to the addition of liquid and common limestone, so that the higher the dose, the greater the results. In contrast, the treatments for fresh and dry shoot and root biomass production did not differ significantly between themselves, explaining why the product is still not well accepted and used by dealers and farmers.

scholarly journals Growth of Brachiaria brizantha planted at different densities and seasons in Santa Fé system with a culture of soybean

2017 ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Eduardo A L Erasmo ◽  
Rogério C Gonçalves ◽  
Jhansley F Da Mata ◽  
Vinícius A Oliveira ◽  
Luíz P F Benício
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass

This study aims to evaluate the density and planting period of the grass Brachiaria brizantha in consortium with the soybean. The study was conducted under field conditions at the experimental station of University of Tocantins. The experimental design used was a randomized block design, in factorial scheme of (2 x 5) + 4, with four repetitions, including both sowing of Brachiaria brizantha (20 and 30 days after the emergence – DAE, of soybeans), five Brachiaria seeding densities (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12kg of seed ha-1) and Brachiaria grown individually in the four densities tested, constituting itself as witness reference. To assess the growth of the Brachiaria, the plants contained in an area of ​​(0.33 x 0.40m) to 140 DAP of soy were collected in each plot, determining the number of tillers per plant; height and dry weight of shoots; leaf dry mass and dry mass stalk. Data were submitted to regression analysis. The cultivation of Brachiaria intercropped with soybean provoked a decrease in all parameters evaluated. The increase in the density of sowing promoted a reduction in the tillering and an increase in dry matter production and height of the plant.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Anadenanthera macrocarpa EM FUNÇÃO DE SUBSTRATOS ALTERNATIVOS E DA FREQUÊNCIA DE FERTIRRIGAÇÃO

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bortoli Uliana ◽  
Rubens Fey ◽  
Marlene Matos Malavasi ◽  
Ubirajara Contro Malavasi
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

Com o aumento da demanda de produtos da cana-de-açúcar, seu resíduo (bagaço), que possui baixo custo nas regiões produtoras e potencial de uso para produção de mudas, pode ser uma alternativa viável. Este ensaio objetivou quantificar o crescimento de mudas de angico-vermelho em função de substratos à base de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar decomposto e com diferentes intervalos de fertirrigação. O ensaio foi conduzido em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso e testou três frequências de fertirrigação (7, 14 e 21 dias), mais a testemunha (sem fertirrigação), e três substratos à base de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar decomposto com a adição de húmus, vermiculita, vermiculita e areia, e um substrato comercial isento de bagaço de cana (testemunha). As mensurações das mudas incluíram: altura, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca dos tecidos aéreos e radiculares aos 50, 80, 110 e 140 dias após a emergência. Os resultados indicaram maior desenvolvimento de mudas de angico-vermelho com o substrato bagaço de cana decomposto misturado com húmus na proporção 7:3 (v/v), enquanto as frequências de fertirrigação testadas pouco influenciaram o crescimento durante os períodos de avaliação.Palavras-chave: Viveiros florestais; morfometria de mudas; qualidade de mudas. AbstractSeedling production of Anadenanthera macrocarpa as a function of substrates and fertigation regimes. This essay evaluated the development of seedlings of Anadenanthera macrocarpa as a function of substrates made from decomposed sugarcane and fertigation frequency. The essay was conducted in a randomized block design with three fertigation frequencies (7, 14 or 21 days) plus a control (without fertigation) and three substrates from decomposed sugarcane mixed with humus, vermiculite, vermiculite and sand, and a commercial substrate (control). Measurements included seedling height, stem diameter, and shoot and root biomass at 50, 80, 110, and 140 days after seed emergence. The results revealed faster growth of Anadenanthera macrocarpa seedlings produced with decomposed sugarcane mixed with humus 7:3 (v/v), while fertigation frequency had little effect upon seedling growth.Keywords: Forest nurseries; seedling morphometry; seedling quality.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Drought-induced alterations in the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the relation with drought tolerance in sugar cane

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Ramos da Silva ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Samira Domingues Carlin ◽  
Bruna Robiati Telles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Although there are evidences that the proper supply of mineral nutrients to plants relieves water stress, little is known on the approach of how the drought affects the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by distinct sugar cane genotypes, or in different parts of a same plant. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the content and accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part of plant from three genotypes of sugar cane, submitted to three water potentials in the soil, and check the relationship of these variables with the tolerance of plants to prolonged drought. In order to access this objective, an experiment under greenhouse conditions, comprised by a fatorial 3 × 3, in a randomized block design, and four replicates was carried out. After 90 days from treatment imposition, the plant transpiration rate, plant dry mass, concentration of N, P and K were determined in leaves and culms, as well as in total plant shoot were measured. It was found that tolerance to drought in sugar cane is related to higher levels of N and K in the leaves and stems, and larger accumulations of K and P in the plant shoot. There is high positive correlations among accumulation of N, P and K in the plant shoot and dry matter production by plants submitted to drought. There are intermediate correlations among plant transpiration and nutrient uptake by plants under drought. Plants of the genotype SP81-3250 are more tolerante to prolonged drought, than the RB855453 and IACSP95-5000 plants.

scholarly journals Interference of Urochloa plantaginea on Morphophysiology and Yield Components of Black Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Milena Barretta Franceschetti ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Renan Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Leonardo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Among the factors which affect crop productivity, there are weeds which compete for environment resources. The objective of this work was to determine the periods of interference of alexandergrass on the morphophysiology and productivity components of black beans. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The bean cultivar of the black type used was IPR Uirapuru, being the treatments separated in two models of interference: in the coexistence group, the crop of the bean lived with the alexandergrass by growing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and throughout the cycledays after emergence and throughout the cycle; in the control group the crop was kept free of the infestation for the same periods described previously. At 42 DAE were evaluated the variables related to plant morphology and physiology (height of bean plants, number of trifoliate leaves, dry mass plant, number of grains pods, number od pods plants, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic activity, efficiency of carboxylation, efficient use of water, transpiration rate). Considering the results, it is possible to conclude that the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) comprises 24 to 50 DAE, the period before the interference (PBI) was 24 DAE and the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) was 50 days and that the morphological and physiological variables of the plants were negatively affected in the coexistence with the alexandergrass when compared to the treatments kept free of weeds throughout the crop cycle.

scholarly journals Jatropha press cake as organic fertilizer in lettuce cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094
Author(s):  
José R. Mantovani ◽  
Jéssica da S. Bernardes ◽  
Paulo R. C. Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Lettuce Seedling ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT In biodiesel production, vegetable press cake is obtained as waste, and a suitable destination for jatropha press cake would be the use in agriculture as organic fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of jatropha press cake on soil fertility attributes and on lettuce production and accumulation of nutrients in the shoots. The experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design with eight treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of jatropha press cake equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 32.0 t ha-1. Portions of 5.5 dm3 of soil received limestone, phosphate fertilizer and the doses of jatropha press cake, and remained incubated for 30 days. After incubation, soil samples were collected, each pot received one lettuce seedling and the experiment was carried out for 45 days. The organic fertilization with jatropha press cake increased the contents of nutrients in the soil, especially K+, but caused increment in soil acidity and electrical conductivity. The use of jatropha press cake as organic fertilizer decreased lettuce production and accumulation of nutrients in the shoots.

scholarly journals Cutting Height of Mombasa Grass Under Silvopastoral and Monoculture Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
A. C. dos Santos ◽  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
O. Silveira Junior ◽  
L. B. T. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Cutting Height

This study aimed to evaluate the production of Mombasa grass cultivation under two different systems: monoculture and silvopastoral, with heights of 70, 80, 90, and 100 cm. Two seasons were evaluated: rainy period (December to March) and rain/drought transition (March to June). The variables evaluated were: total dry mass (TDM), dry mass (DM) of the morphological components, number of tillers, efficiency of nitrogen use, DM content, number of harvest cycles and cutting intervals. The experimental design was a randomized block design with five replications. The monoculture system presented the highest yields of TDM, number of tillers and DM of the morphological components in the two evaluated periods. The main variable affected by shading was the number of tillers per area, which directly affects all variables linked to production. In addition to the type of system, the time of the year also influenced the production of DM of the grass. The evaluation of grass productivity in silvopastoral system evidenced that the plant tends to respond differently to cutting management when compared to the monoculture system. In the monoculture system, the recommended height for greater TDM yield and better leaf/stem ratio in the rainy period and the rainy/drought transition period was 80 cm, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm. As for SSP, cutting height of 70 cm presented the highest TDM and leaf/stem ratio for the two evaluated periods, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm.

scholarly journals Yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds after desiccation with different herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Henrique Krenchinski ◽  
Victor José Salomão Cesco ◽  
Danilo Morilha Rodrigues ◽  
Vinicius Gabriel Caneppele Pereira ◽  
Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract: Some desiccation techniques for harvesting wheat may affect seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccant herbicides applied to the wheat crop and their effects on the production and seed quality. The experiment was conducted with cultivar COODETEC 150 (CD 150) in two sites in Palotina (Paraná state, Brazil) with a randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments (desiccation herbicides) and 4 replications. Desiccation was realized when 50% of the plants were in stage 80 with seeds in powdery or mass consistency. The variables analyzed were percentage of moisture content after harvest, Yield, hectoliter weight, mass of 100 seeds, vigor, germination, fresh mass of seedlings, dry mass of seedlings and root length. The herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim were the ones that promoted greatest reduction in vigor. The herbicide paraquat caused reduction in seedling length. There was a reduction in the mass of 100 seeds for glufosinate-ammonium, clethodim, diquat and carfentrazone-ethyl. Glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim and diquat caused reduction in yield. Desiccation of Cultivar CD 150 at stage 80 is not recommended, since plant Yield and physiological seed parameters were adversely affected by herbicides.

scholarly journals Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
B.M. SILVA ◽  
Q. RUCHEL ◽  
D.S. FRAGA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.

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