scholarly journals Desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de trigo em resposta à associação com bactérias diazotróficas e níveis de irrigação por solução ácida

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e558996599
Author(s):  
Vandeir Franscisco Guimarães ◽  
Leandro Rampim ◽  
Renan Felipe Bellé ◽  
Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽  
Vanessa de Oliveira Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Different Levels

The cultivated species have ideal soil pH for absorption of nutrients and proper development, it is necessary to know the performance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and promoting plant growth (PGPBs) at different levels of acidity, in order to increase the results to elevate crop yields with the use of technology inoculation of seeds of gramineous. Thereby, the present study aimed to determine the initial development of wheat seedlings subjected to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Herbaspirillum seropedicae at different levels of acidity irrigating solution in autoclaved sand substrate. Adopted the randomized block design (RBD) in a 3x4 factorial design with three levels of acidity of the solution (pH 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5) and the second factor [without inoculation, seeds inoculated at the time of seeding with A. brasilense (AbV5), H. seropedicae (SmR1) and association of the two strains AbV5+ SmR1. Increased root length was detected at pH 4.5 compared to pH 5.5 and 6.5 regardless or not with A. brasilense and H. seropedicae. Inoculation with A. brasilense promotes greater diameter collect, regardless of the pH and increase in root volume to pH 6.5 alone or associated with H. seropedicae.

scholarly journals Different levels of shade on population of grasshoppers and its oviposition preference on heliconias

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Bittar ◽  
Elen de Lima Aguiar-Menezes ◽  
José Guilherme Marinho Guerra ◽  
Janaína Ribeiro Costa Rouws ◽  
Luiz Augusto de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT: Grasshoppers of the families Acrididae and Romaleidae (Orthoptera) are among the insects that defoliate heliconias and have been gaining status as pests of commercial crops of these plants in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to identify the grasshopper defoliating heliconias in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua, RJ (Brazil), to evaluate the effect of different levels of shade on the population of this grasshopper and the production parameters of heliconias, and to determine if this grasshopper has an oviposition preference among the heliconias evaluated. The experiment was in a completely randomized block design, in subdivided plots (four levels of shade in the plot, 0%, 30%, 50% and 80%, and four species of Heliconia: H. psittacorum, H. stricta, H. wagneriana and H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata ‘Golden Torch’ in the subplot), with four replications. The grasshopper was identified as Cornops frenatum frenatum (Acrididae). An increase in shade resulted in a decrease in the number of oviposition holes from the grasshopper and the number of lateral buds. Shade did not influence the number of C. f. frenatum nymphs and adults and the number of flower stems. H. wagneriana was the most preferred species for oviposition by C. f. frenatum. Results suggested using screens to shade heliconia plants can help control C. f. frenatum populations, however, the light requirements of the heliconias should be considered to guarantee productivity.

scholarly journals Least limiting water range in Oxisols under different levels of machine traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Karina De Vares Rossetti ◽  
José Frederico Centurion
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Different Levels

This work aimed, to evaluate the structural behavior of Oxisols based on the least limiting water range (LLWR) and establish relations with corn crop. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. Soil samples collected at the layer of 0-0.20 m depth in a Haplustox (LVd) and an Eutrustox (LVef) were used. The compaction treatments consisted of T0= no additional compaction; T1 and T2= two and four passes with a 4 t tractor, respectively; T3 and T4 = two and four passes with a 10 t tractor, respectively. The range of LLWR variation in the LVd was the lowest one and varied from 0.01 to 0.04 m3 m-3, whereas in the LVef varied from 0.03 to 0.13 m3 m-3 for the critical soil penetration resistance (PRc) of 2 MPa. It was observed that critical bulk density (BDc) values were 1.76 and 1.40 Mg m-3 in the LVd and the LVef, respectively. The highest frequency of bulk density (BC ≥ BDc) occurred from the T1 to T4 (LVd) and from the T2 to T4, however, a reduction in corn yield was not observed. The determination of the LLWR was efficient and complementary for identifying more favorable or more impeditive conditions to compaction in the LVef for the corn crop development in relation to the LVd.

scholarly journals Supplementation Of Concentrate With Different Levels Of Protein On Nutrient Intake, Digestibility And Growth Of Red Chittagong Heifers

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
S Barua ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
SS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation with different protein levels on intake, digestibility and growth performance of Red Chittagong (RC) heifers fed urea molasses straw (UMS) based diet. Twelve RC heifers having average live weight of 124.83±43.15 kg and aged between 8 to 14 months were selected for 90 days feeding trial. Animals were divided into four groups having three animals in each and were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The experimental diets were formulated using urea molasses straw (UMS), German grass (Echinochloa grousgalli) with or without concentrate mix (having different levels of protein). All the animals received UMS ad libitum and German grass at the rate of 20% of total DM intake. In addition to UMS and German grass of control diet T0, animals on diets T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with concentrate mixture at the rate of 10% of DM intake containing 15, 20 and 25% CP, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 2.65, 3.06, 2.62 and 2.86 kg/100 kg LW for diets T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively and the difference was non significant (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NFE and digestible nutrients (DCP, DEE and DNFE) for diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than those for diet T0. The daily average liveweight gain of RC heifers fed diets T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 100, 275, 333 and 291 g respectively (P<0.01). Concentrate mixture having 20% crude protein may be supplemented at the rate of 10% of DM intake per day for optimum growth of Red Chittagong heifers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9861 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 10-16

scholarly journals Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Guilherme V. Pimentel ◽  
Silvino G. Moreira ◽  
Mateus O. T. de Avila ◽  
Antonio Henrique F. de Carvalho ◽  
Alessandro A. P. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

Maize hybrids have different levels of tolerance to the herbicide nicosulfuron, depending on the dose, the environment, the phenological stage of the plant and the timing of nitrogen fertilization, and phytotoxic effects can occur without proper management. There is also limited information on the selectivity of current genetically modified hybrids for other recommended herbicides, such as tembotrione. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides (tembotrione and nicosulfuron) and the timing of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 4 &times; 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of four treatments [weeding; nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 and 32 + 1250 g ha-1 ai) and tembotrione + atrazine (75.6 + 1250 g ha-1 ai)] and two nitrogen fertilization times (0 and 7 days after application). Maize hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2 were assessed in two growing seasons (1st and 2nd harvest) during the 2016/2017 growing season. The percentages of weed control; phytotoxicity at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); plant height; number of rows per ear; and yield at harvest were evaluated. All herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds at the 1st harvest because of favourable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fertilization can be carried out on the same day as the application of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with no reduction in yield for the hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2.

scholarly journals Doses of limestone, phosphorus and potassium on the initial development of Anacardium humile seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lucas Ferreira de Morais ◽  
Wendy Carniello Ferreira ◽  
Francielly Rodrigues Gomes ◽  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Daniela Pereira Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of limestone, phosphorus, and potassium on the initial development of Anacardium humile (Cajuzinho-do-cerrado) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A randomized block design was adopted in a 3x4x4 factorial scheme (liming x phosphorus x potassium doses). The treatments consisted of three liming doses (0; 40; and 70% of base saturation), four doses of potassium chloride with 60% of K2O (0; 60; 120; and 180 kg ha-1), and four doses of triple superphosphate with 46% of P2O5 (0; 80; 160; and 240 kg ha-1), with six replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: stem diameter (SD), plant height (PH), root length (RL), shoot dry matter (SDM), and root dry matter (RDM). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). It was concluded that there was no influence of phosphorus doses on the initial development of A. humile seedlings and that there was a response to the association between liming and potassium chloride in vegetative growth.

scholarly journals Intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1072-1080
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa Santos ◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽  
Victor Costa e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Intercropping systems have become an interesting alternative for grain and forage production because they are sustainable systems that reduce carbon emissions in degraded pasture areas. However, few studies have used forage species recently introduced into the market, and more studies that assess the performances of these species in integrated systems are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of intercropped sorghum and Paiaguas palisadegrass (including the species name) in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery. The field experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: monocropping of sorghum, monocropping of Paiaguas palisadegrass, row intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass, interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass and intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. To obtain a desired population of 240,000 plants ha-1, 12 seeds of sorghum and 5 kg of viable pure seeds of the forage species were planted per meter and hectare, respectively. The growth of Paiaguas palisadegrass in the same row as sorghum reduced the sorghum grain yield. The intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass hindered the initial development of Paiaguas palisadegrass in terms of plant height and number of tillers due to shading, and this effect was reflected in the dry mass production. Row and interrow intercropping provided higher dry mass production without affecting the forage quality. Therefore, the interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass was found to be a promising agricultural technique for grain and forage production that could be used for the establishment of new pastures or pasture recovery.

Effect of various plant density at different levels of phosphorous and potash on growth and seed yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Hisar-2

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naval Kishor Kamboj ◽  
V. K. Batra ◽  
Navjot Singh Brar ◽  
M. K. Rana ◽  
Tanuj .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Different Levels

A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to investigate the effect of fertilizers and plant spacing on growth and seed yield of onion. The treatments comprising of three fertilizers levels (F1: 75% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash, F2: 100% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash and F3: 125% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash) and four plant spacing (S1: 45x30 cm, S2: 45x45 cm, S3:60x30 cm and S4: 60x45 cm) were laid out in randomized block design (factorial). The results of the experiment showed that different fertilizers levels and plant spacing influenced the growth and seed yield of onion significantly. The crop planted at 60x45 cm spacing and supplied with 125% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash resulted in maximum number of umbels per plant and number of seeds per umbel, while the crop planted at 45x30 cm spacing and supplied with 125% recommended dose of phosphorous and potash resulted in highest length of leaves, length of flower stalk and seed yield per hectare during both the years.

scholarly journals Organic cultivation of okra with ground cover of perennial herbaceous legumes

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mathias N da Silva ◽  
Fábio Luiz Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Claudenir Fávero ◽  
Mateus Augusto L Quaresma
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The management of green manure with perennial herbaceous legumes has emerged as an interesting practice for vegetable production, improving the cultivation environment and increasing crop yields. In the present study we evaluated the organic okra cultivation in soil covered with perennial herbaceous legumes. The treatments consisted of okra grown in bare soil (control) or covered with tropical kudzo (Pueraria phaseoloides), perennial soybean (Glycine wightii), calopogonium (Calopogonium muconoides), Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) and Stylosanthes capitata and Stylosanthes macrocephala. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The weeding of legumes was realized before the okra was sown and this allowed the addition of quantities of dry matter, highlighting the potential of tropical kudzo (3.74 t ha-1), perennial soybean (1.55 t ha-1) and peanut (1.30 t ha-1). Okra cropped in soil covered with tropical kudzo and perennial soybean had the weed lowest dry matter accumulation until 150 days after sowing the okra. At 150 days after sowing the okra, only the areas covered with peanut and calopogonium had higher volumes of water in the soil compared to the control. Throughout the harvest, the okra plants grown in soil covered with perennial soybean and tropical kudzo showed the greatest heights. The maximum okra fruit yield (16.23 t ha-1) was obtained by growing okra in soil covered with perennial soybean.

scholarly journals The effect of combination of AB-mix nutrition with liquid organic fertilizer of tofu liquid waste on hydroponical growth and production of lettage (Lactuca sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Arnis En Yulia ◽  
Murniati ◽  
Isna Rahma Dini ◽  
Laila Manja
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of AB mix nutrients with liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) of tofu liquid waste on the growth and yield of lettuce plants and to obtain the best combination for the growth and yield of lettuce hydroponically. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of a comparison of nutritional treatments, namely: N1 = 100% AB mix + 0% LOF of liquid waste tofu, N2= 75% AB mix + 25% LOF of tofu liquid waste, N3= 50% AB mix + 50% LOF of tofu liquid waste, N4= 25% AB mix + 75 % LOF of tofu liquid waste, N5= 100% LOF of waste liquid tofu which consists of 4 replications. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, root length, fresh weight, root volume and weight fit for consumption. The results showed that the administration of 50% AB mix + 50% LOF of tofu liquid waste and 25% AB mix + 75% LOF of tofu liquid waste showed results that tended to be the same but the results of the combination of 75% AB mix + 25% LOF of tofu liquid waste were higher. On the parameters of the number of leaves is 11.12 strands, fresh weight is 66.40 g and suitable weight for consumption is 58.31 g.

scholarly journals Application of Anorganic Fertilizers and Seed Soaking Time with Legume Bacteria on Peanut in Tidal Lowland

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Billy Andreas Putra ◽  
Tengku Boumedine Hamid Zulkifli ◽  
Yunida Berliana ◽  
Octanina Sari Sijabat
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
North Sumatra

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the dosage of inorganic fertilizers, soaking time of the inoculation of the legume bacteria strains which were suitable for the growth and yield of peanut in tidal lowland. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted at tidal lowland in Sei Ular Village, Secanggang sub-District, Langkat District, North Sumatra from September to December 2019. The research used randomized block design in factorial. The first factor is the dose of inorganic fertilizers consisting of P0 = un-fertilizer (control), P1= urea 50 kg.ha-1 + TSP 180 kg.ha-1 + KCl 50 kg.ha-1, P2= urea 75 kg.ha-1 + TSP 205 kg.ha-1 + KCl 75 kg.ha-1, P3= urea 100 kg.ha-1 + TSP 230 kg.ha-1 + KCl 100 kg.ha-1. The second factor was the soaking time of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacterial strain consisting of T0= un-soaking time, T1= soaking time for 3 minutes, T2= soaking time for 6 minutes, and T3= soaking time for 9 minutes. Parameters were analyzed using ANOVA and BNJ analysis 5%.· Results: The application of urea 50 kg.ha-1 + TSP 180 kg.ha-1 + KCl 50 kg.ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves, and root volume and showed the highest number of active nodules, dry pods.plot-1 and seed weight.plot-1 compared to other doses. The seed soaking time with the Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain and their interactions showed insignificant differences in all parameters of peanut plants in tidal lowland.

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