Study of cestode infection in relation to the sex of the host fish, Mastacembelus armatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetesh Kumar Khare
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Mastacembelus Armatus

The present communication deals with the study of cestode infection in a popular freshwater fish, Mastacembelus armatus in relation to the male and female sex of the host. In this study the author calculated the maximum prevalence, mean intensity and relative density in the males of host fish.

THE INFLUENCE OF BODY TEMPERATURE ON CESTODE INFECTION IN FRESHWATER FISH, MASTACEMBELUS ARMATUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
REETESH KUMAR KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Mastacembelus Armatus

The present investigation deals with the study of cestode host relationship in a fresh water fish, Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) in relation to the body temperature of the host. The maximum prevalence, mean intensity and relative density were recorded in the host fish ranging from 26-31°C and lowest at 32- 370C body temperature respectively . The fishes at 20-250C body temperature had no infection of cestode parasites.

scholarly journals Infection status of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1819) metacercaria from Channa punctatus of Meerut District

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Sharma ◽  
Vidushi Rani ◽  
Ayushi Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
One Year ◽  
Clinostomum Complanatum

Metacercaria Clinostomum complanatum is a digenetic trematode, which is mainly found in fresh water fishes. Present communication deals with the infection status of C. complanatum in C. punctatus of Meerut district, which is supported by the data spreading over one year. About 250 specimens of C. punctatus from different ponds of Meerut were studied through regular periodical collection in the year Jan 2010 to Dec 2010. Overall prevalence 35.6%, mean intensity 3.06 and abundance 1.09 were reported. The infection was maximum in winter and minimum in rainy season. Prevalence, intensity and abundance of the infestation were also found to be related to different length group and sex of the hosts, the medium sized fishes were more infected and the larger size fishes were less infected while the smaller size fishes showed moderate infection. Susceptibility of infection was not significantly different between male and female fish.

scholarly journals Caryophyllaeid infestations on the sex and size of Walking Catfish Clarias batrachus

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
MS Chhanda ◽  
KJ Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Different Levels

An investigation was carried out on the caryophyllaeid infestations in walking catfish Clarias batrachus in relation to different sexes and size groups during August 2010 to July 2011. A total of 227 host fish were collected from different water bodies of Mymensingh for examination. Among them 188 C.batrachus were infested with 1432 parasites by five different caryophyllaeid cestodes species. Prevalence was 100% during November and December both in male and female hosts. In other period of the year, female were more infested. In male fishes, the highest intensity and abundance were recorded in December and index of infection in February. In female fishes, the lowest infestations were recorded during the months of August, September and October. Parasites showed different levels of infestations in different size groups of fishes. Higher prevalence was recorded in medium size fishes in winter and summer and smaller size fishes in autumn. However, the index of infestations and abundance were higher in same size group only in winter season. The lowest prevalence and mean intensity were recorded in rainy season and abundance was in summer in smaller size group of fish.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10792Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 56-59

Role of sex hormones in lung cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110196
Author(s):  
Nathalie Fuentes ◽  
Miguel Silva Rodriguez ◽  
Patricia Silveyra
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Rates

Lung cancer represents the world’s leading cause of cancer deaths. Sex differences in the incidence and mortality rates for various types of lung cancers have been identified, but the biological and endocrine mechanisms implicated in these disparities have not yet been determined. While some cancers such as lung adenocarcinoma are more commonly found among women than men, others like squamous cell carcinoma display the opposite pattern or show no sex differences. Associations of tobacco product use rates, susceptibility to carcinogens, occupational exposures, and indoor and outdoor air pollution have also been linked to differential rates of lung cancer occurrence and mortality between sexes. While roles for sex hormones in other types of cancers affecting women or men have been identified and described, little is known about the influence of sex hormones in lung cancer. One potential mechanism identified to date is the synergism between estrogen and some tobacco compounds, and oncogene mutations, in inducing the expression of metabolic enzymes, leading to enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species and DNA adducts, and subsequent lung carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the literature available regarding sex differences in cancer rates, associations of male and female sex hormones with lung cancer, the influence of exogenous hormone therapy in women, and potential mechanisms mediated by male and female sex hormone receptors in lung carcinogenesis. The influence of biological sex on lung disease has recently been established, thus new research incorporating this variable will shed light on the mechanisms behind the observed disparities in lung cancer rates, and potentially lead to the development of new therapeutics to treat this devastating disease.

Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection among Male and Female Sex Partners: Prevalence and Type-Specific Concordance

1995 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Baken ◽  
L. A. Koutsky ◽  
J. Kuypers ◽  
M. R. Kosorok ◽  
S.-K. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection

The population dynamics of metacercariae of Apatemon gracilis (Trematoda: Digenea) in three species of lake-dwelling leeches

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Spelling ◽  
J. O. Young
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Host Mortality

SUMMARYMonthly samples of the leeches Erpobdella octoculata, Glossiphonia complanata and Helobdella stagnalis were taken over a two-year period from an eutrophic, English lake to detect metacercariae of the trematode, Apatemon gracilis. In each cohort of each of the three leeches, prevalence was low in young individuals, rose to a peak in autumn/winter, and then declined until the cohort had almost died out; in E. octoculata and H. stagnalis a final brief increase occurred. Mean intensity and relative density values followed a similar seasonal pattern of change to that of prevalence in these last two species, but in G. complanata values fluctuated irregularly with no distinct pattern. The frequency distribution of the parasite in G. complanata was highly over-dispersed, but less so in the other two species. Infected E. octoculata reached sexual maturity. The parasite reduced egg production in G. complanata and H. stagnalis, but only by maximum values of 2·5 and 9% respectively. This reduction in fecundity is low compared to the subsequent high mortality, at 95% or more, of newly recruited young from as yet unidentified causes. Parasite-related host mortality was difficult to assess in young leeches, but there was some evidence for its occurrence in older leeches of E. octoculata and H. stagnalis. However, this is unlikely to play a prominent role in the control and regulation of lacustrine leech populations.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Tetracampos ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) collected from the Vaal Dam, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Madanire-Moyo ◽  
Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Vaal Dam

Cestodes are parasitic flatworms that live in the digestive tract of vertebrates as adults and often in the liver, muscle, haemocoel, mesentery and brain of various animals as larval stages. To identify the cestodes infecting Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal Dam, a total of 45 host specimens were collected with the aid of gill nets between October 2011, January and April 2012. The fish were sacrificed and examined for cestode parasites. Two adult cestodes, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 (prevalence 86.7%, mean intensity = 15, n = 45) and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Janicki, 1928) (prevalence 51.1%, mean intensity = 5, n = 45) were found in the intestines of the catfish. Both T. ciliotheca and P. glanduligerus are new locality records. There were statistically insignificant differences in the infection of the male and female C. gariepinu. Fish with standard length ranging from 40 cm – 54 cm (≥ 3 years) had the highest prevalence and mean intensity while those ranging from 10 cm – 24 cm (< 1 year) had the lowest prevalence and mean intensity for both cestodes. The study highlights the importance of changing feeding habits of C. gariepinus with age on the prevalence and mean intensity of the two gastrointestinal cestode parasites.

Sex steroids regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages after trauma-hemorrhage

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. C35-C42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin K. Angele ◽  
Markus W. Knöferl ◽  
Martin G. Schwacha ◽  
Alfred Ayala ◽  
William G. Cioffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophage ◽  
Kupffer Cell ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Splenic Macrophage ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Tissue Trauma

Studies indicate that macrophage immune responses in males are depressed after trauma-hemorrhage, whereas they are enhanced in females under such conditions. Nonetheless, the involvement of male and female sex steroids in this gender-dependent dimorphic immune response after trauma-hemorrhage remains unclear. To study this, male C3H/HeN mice were castrated and treated with pellets containing either vehicle, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17β-estradiol, or a combination of both steroid hormones for 14 days before soft tissue trauma (i.e., laparotomy) and hemorrhagic shock (35 ± 5 mmHg for 90 min followed by adequate fluid resuscitation) or a sham operation. Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed, plasma was obtained, and Kupffer cell and splenic and peritoneal macrophage cultures were established. For DHT-treated mice, we observed significantly decreased releases of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 by splenic macrophage (−50 and −57%, respectively) and peritoneal macrophage (−51 and −52%, respectively) cultures after trauma-hemorrhage compared with releases by cultures of cells from mice subjected to a sham operation; in contrast, responses of splenic and peritoneal macrophage cultures from other groups subjected to trauma-hemorrhage did not change significantly. In addition, only DHT-treated animals exhibited increased Kupffer cell IL-6 release (+634%). The release of IL-10 in DHT-treated hemorrhaged animals was increased compared with that in sham-operated animals but was decreased in estrogen-treated mice under such conditions. These results suggest that male and female sex steroids exhibit divergent immunomodulatory properties with respect to cell-mediated immune responses after trauma-hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of the plerocercoid ligula intestinalis (L) observed in roach (Rutilus rutilus, L) from the yenice irrigation pond, Çanakkale, Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemal Oguz ◽  
Öztürk Oguz ◽  
Hayati Güre
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Ligula Intestinalis ◽  
Irrigation Pond

This study was carried out at the Yenice Irrigation Pond between October 1999 and October 2000. For this study 368 roach (Rutilus rutilus) were examined and 37 parasites and 93 Ligula intestinalis were found in the abdominal cavity of the host (prevalence 10.1%, mean intensity 2.51 specimens/fish). Based on season, the highest number of infected fish occurred during summer (33.3%, 4 parasite/fish), and during the other season the mean intensity of infection was relatively low (prevalence 3.3%, 1 specimens/fish). On the other hand, the parasite species was determined especially on small and medium host fish sizes (2.17-100%). Basic criteria for the assessment of the parasite species of host fish were the general parameters related to parasite populations, which are prevalence, mean intensity, seasonal variation, and relationship between host size and infection.

scholarly journals Sex and gender characteristics in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia with special reference to the criminal offences of rape and domestic violence

Temida ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Marissabell Skoric
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Republic

The study deals with the issue of whether the norms of criminal law make a distinction between male and female sex with regard to the perpetrator of the criminal offence as well as with regard to the victim of the criminal offence and also the issue of whether male or female sex have any role in the criminal law. It is with this objective in mind that the author analyzed the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia and statistical data on total crime in the Republic of Croatia and the relation between male and female perpetrators of criminal offences. The statistical data reveal that men commit a far greater number of offences than women. Apart from this, women and men also differ according to the type of the criminal offence they tend to commit. Women as perpetrators of criminal offences that involve the element of violence are very rare. At the same time, women are very often victims of violent offences perpetrated by men, which leads us to the term of gender-based violence. Although significant steps forward have been made at the normative level in the Republic of Croatia in defining and sanctioning of genderbased violence, gender stereotypes can still be observed in practice when sexual crimes are in question so that we can witness domestic violence on a daily basis. All of this leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to make further efforts in order to remove all obstacles that prevent changes in social relations and ensure equality between women and men, not only de jure but also de facto.

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