scholarly journals Kajian Karakteristik Morfometri Daerah Aliran Sungai Klawoguk Kota Sorong Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Anif Farida ◽  
Irnawati Irnawati
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio

DAS Klawoguk yang masuk dalam wilayah Kota Sorong mempunyai permasalahan yang selalu berulang yaitu banjir. Hampir setiap ada hujan yang jatuh dengan intensitas yang cukup tinggi akan mengakibatkan banjir di beberapa lokasi yang dekat dengan sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik morfometri DAS Klawoguk dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Parameter morfometri yang dihitung adalah luas DAS, panjang sungai utama, kemiringan sungai utama, bifurcation ratio, form factor, circularity ratio, drainage density, texture ratio dan length of overland flow. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan bantuan software MapInfo Professional 11.5 sedangkan analisis dekripstif kualitatif  dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji hasil perhitungan morfometri DAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas DAS Klawoguk 31,26 km2 dengan panjang sungai utama 20,61 km dan kemiringan sungai utama 0,01 (1 %). Nilai Rb (bifurcation ratio) sebesar 13,68, form factor sebesar 0,020 yang berarti bentuk DAS tidak bulat dan circularity ratio (Rc) 0,25 termasuk dalam kategori bentuk DAS memanjang. Kerapatan drainase 3,52 km/km2 masuk dalam kelas sedang, nilai texture ratio 3,87 dan nilai length of overland flow sebesar 1,76. Berdasarkan parameter morfometri tersebut DAS Klawoguk mempunyai kenaikan debit banjir yang cepat dengan air tidak tergenang terlalu lama, volume runoff yang dihasilkan juga cukup besar, kemampuan infiltrasi yang rendah dan durasi waktu yang diperlukan oleh aliran untuk mencapai outlet tidak terlalu cepat.

Geo-informatics based Morphometric Analysis of a Reservoir Catchment in Shivalik Foothills of North-West India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chand Singh ◽  
Rohit Singh ◽  
Abrar Yousuf ◽  
Vishnu Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Runoff Potential ◽  
Drainage Texture

The present study examined 35 morphometric parameters related to stream/drainage network, catchment geometry, and relief aspects for hydrological characterization of the Thana Dam catchment using geospatial tools and techniques. The dam catchment was delineated using the high-resolution Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in ArcGIS 10.4.1 software using the Arc Hydro tools. The catchment is comprised of 4th order stream, obtained using a stream threshold value of 100 m length. The lower values of elongation ratio (0.61), circularity ratio (0.22), and form factor (0.29) indicated higher soil erosion potential, mainly due to their inverse relationship with land erodibility. Moreover, the higher values of stream frequency (15.7), drainage density (>5.0), drainage texture (7.48 km-1), and mean bifurcation ratio (4.08-6.33) indicated higher runoff potential, which would intensify the soil erosion, mainly due to their direct relationship with erodibility. Bifurcation ratio, elongation ratio, circulatory ratio, form factor, altogether indicated an elongated shape of the catchment with a fine drainage texture. The higher values of bifurcation ratio and texture ratio of the catchment also indicated severe overland flow (low infiltration rate) with a limited scope for groundwater recharge in the area, which in turn might significantly encourage the soil erosion. Overall, it was concluded that the catchment has a huge runoff potential resulting in high soil erosion due to its fine texture, impermeable subsurface material, steep slope, low infiltration rate, limited vegetation, longer duration of overland flow, and higher surface runoff. The morphometric analysis was found to be suitable for identifying catchment shape and the factors affecting hydrologic conditions and erodibility of the catchment. Thus, Geo-informatics based morphometric analysis of a reservoir catchment can be useful to study the erosion potential in relation to hydrologic (rainfall-runoff relationship) and other related land characteristics (e.g., relief, slope, infiltration rate, etc.).

Computation of Watershed Parameters of Kansa Watershed in Satara Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bowlekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Order Stream

In present study Kansa watershed in Satara district of Maharashtra was characterized for watershed parameters. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been utilized for the estimation of morphological parameters. Several morphometric parameters have been computed and analyzed viz. linear aspects such as stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio; areal aspects such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, constant of channel maintenance; relief aspects such as relief, relief ratio, relative relief, ruggedness number, length of overland flow. Impacts of morphometric parameters on flash flood characteristics have also been investigated. The presence of the maximum number of the first order segments shows that the basin is subjected to erosion and also that some areas of the basin are characterized by variations in lithology and topography. The form factor is 0.21, and the circulatory ratio is 0.42, which suggests an elongated type of catchment. Elongation ratio is 0.52, which indicates that watershed has high relief and steep slope. The estimated catchment characteristics may be useful to stimulate hydrological responses of the catchment.

scholarly journals Computation of Watershed Parameters of Kansa Watershed in Satara Using Remote Sensing and GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bowlekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Order Stream

In present study Kansa watershed in Satara district of Maharashtra was characterized for watershed parameters. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been utilized for the estimation of morphological parameters. Several morphometric parameters have been computed and analyzed viz. linear aspects such as stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio; areal aspects such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, constant of channel maintenance; relief aspects such as relief, relief ratio, relative relief, ruggedness number, length of overland flow. Impacts of morphometric parameters on flash flood characteristics have also been investigated. The presence of the maximum number of the first order segments shows that the basin is subjected to erosion and also that some areas of the basin are characterized by variations in lithology and topography. The form factor is 0.21, and the circulatory ratio is 0.42, which suggests an elongated type of catchment. Elongation ratio is 0.52, which indicates that watershed has high relief and steep slope. The estimated catchment characteristics may be useful to stimulate hydrological responses of the catchment.

Modelling the effects of permeability, groundwater flow and water table depth on landscape evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elco Luijendijk
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Landscape Models ◽  
Storage Term ◽  
Stream Erosion

<p>The role of groundwater flow in determining overland flow, drainage density and landscape evolution has long been debated. Landscape models often only address groundwater as a simplified storage term and do not explicitly include lateral groundwater flow, although recently some model codes have started to include lateral flow. However, the role of groundwater flow on landscape evolution has not been explored systematically to my knowledge. Here I present a new numerical and analytical model that combines groundwater flow, saturation overland flow, hillslope diffusion and stream erosion. A number of model experiments were run with different values of transmissivity and groundwater recharge. The model results demonstrate that transmissivity, groundwater flow and the depth of the watertable strongly govern overland flow, the incision of stream channels and erosion rates. The results imply that the permeability and transmissivity of the subsurface are important parameters for explaining and modelling landscape evolution.  </p>

Determination of the drainage basin characteristics using vector GIS

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Apaydin ◽  
F. Ozturk ◽  
H. Merdun ◽  
N.M. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Relief Ratio

Detailed geomorphologic characteristics need to be compiled for performing hydrologic modeling of a basin. Basin form and hydrologic characteristics are to be related so the basin form must also be represented by quantitative descriptors. The typical morphologic characteristics used in hydrological analyses are basin area, perimeter, mainstream length, total stream length, contour length, basin shape (form factor, circularity ratio, compactness ratio, basin elongation), slope, drainage density, relief (maximum relief, relief ratio, relative relief), effective basin width, and median elevation. The objective of this study is to propose an algorithm to automatically calculate basin characteristics using vector GIS. The results produced by the algorithm were compared to the manual method and the two methods were found statistically similar.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Geomorphologic Characteristics for Surface Runoff Determination in Amala River Catchment in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Kinyanjui ◽  
Japheth O. Onyando ◽  
Raphael M. Wambua
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
River Catchment

Hydrological response of a catchment is a function of rainfall as influenced by catchment characteristics comprising geomorphology, land cover, and management practices. In this study, the analysis mainly focused on how geomorphological characteristics influence the catchment hydrological response. Geomorphological analyses of catchment geometry, stream patterns, relief, and slope can be used to characterize the catchment features that affect the drainage network. These characteristics are catchment specific and therefore unique to provide an insight into its hydrologic response. The objective of this research was to quantitatively analyze geomorphologic characteristics; linear, areal, drainage pattern, and relief aspect, of Amala River catchment, using ArcGIS tools and infer its hydrological behavior. The morphometry of the catchment was derived from the DEM within the ArcMap environment. These parameters as well as mathematical map equations were used to derive geomorphological characteristics such as bifurcation ratio, rho coefficient, drainage density, infiltration number, form factor among others. The results show that the Amala River catchment is elongated with uniform lithology and a higher probability of delayed peak hydrographs due to longer lag time and time of concentration. The catchment exhibits a dendritic drainage pattern with an average bifurcation ratio of 4.26 which is closer to the upper bound value of 5. This indicates a reduction in peak flows and a delayed time to peak. The surface runoff yield efficiency was low and non-uniform with an average drainage density of 1.073 km/km2. The catchment was characterized by higher infiltration characteristics as compared to surface flows, this varied spatially, with sub-basins far North of the outlet having high infiltration than those near the outlet. The catchment relief was characterized as steep and therefore high stream velocity was inferred. The investigation and findings of this study on catchment geomorphology and inferred hydrologic behavior will be of great importance in catchment management, water resource planning within the catchment, and water harvesting at a spatial scale. Thus, the outcomes provide a baseline for informed water pan and water harvesting structures site.

scholarly journals Transmissivity and groundwater flow exert a strong influence on drainage density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elco Luijendijk
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Stream Incision ◽  
Strong Control ◽  
Stream Erosion

Abstract. The extent to which groundwater flow affects drainage density and erosion has long been debated, but is still uncertain. Here, I present a new hybrid analytical and numerical model that simulates groundwater flow, overland flow, hillslope erosion and stream incision. The model is used to explore the relation between groundwater flow and the incision and persistence of streams for a set of parameters that represent average humid climate conditions. The results show that transmissivityand groundwater flow exert a strong control on drainage density. High transmissivity results in low drainage density and high incision rates and vice versa, with drainage density varying roughly linearly with transmissivity. The model evolves by a process that is defined here as groundwater capture, whereby streams with a higher rate of incision draw the watertable below neighbouring streams, which subsequently run dry and stop incising. This process is less efficient in models with low transmissivity due to the association of low transmissivity and high watertable gradients. A comparison of different parameters shows that drainage density is the most sensitive to transmissivity, followed by parameters that govern initial slope and stream erosion. These results imply that permeability and transmissivity exert a strong control on drainage density, stream incision and landscape evolution and that models of landscape evolution may need to explicitly include groundwater flow.

Morphometric Analysis of Kolavadi Sub-Watershed in Bhor Tahsil Using GIS Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Manojkumar Devne ◽  
Nitin Mundhe ◽  
Akshada Kamble ◽  
Ganesh Dhawale
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Structural Disturbances

The growing demand and competition for water from domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors reached utmost limit. Drainage basins, catchments, and sub-catchments are the hydrological units ideally suited for planning of conservation of land and water resources. GIS techniques are useful for analysis of morphometric properties of any watershad. Morphometric aspects: linear, relief, and areal aspects of Kolavadi sub-watershed of Upper Nira basin were analyzed using spatial tools and arc-hydro tool in Arc GIS 10.3. The bifurcation ratio (2 to 4.5) indicates structural disturbances and mature topography with higher degree of drainage integration. This watershed shows less elongated shape with low relief, moderate to gentle slope, moderate drainage density and highly prone to soil erosion. Techniques used in study and results are useful for planning and monitoring the sub-watersheds for sustainable development.

MODELS TO PREDICT SLOPE LENGTH FROM OTHER WATERSHED ATTRIBUTES

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037
Author(s):  
Mohammed & Karim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Objective Standard ◽  
Slope Length Factor ◽  
Watershed Slope ◽  
Soil Erosion By Water ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

Soil erosion by water is an extensive and increasing problem worldwide. Albeit, this problem has been recognized as a significant hazard in Iraq, yet the number of studies on this topic is very limited. Most of the models used for estimating soil erosion contain parameters for slope length factor (LS). A major constraint is the difficulty in extracting the LS factor. Accordingly, the current study was initiated with the main objective of deriving models to predict the slope length from relatively easy to measure basin characteristics with a reasonable accuracy. To achieve the above objective, standard methodologies were employed to describe 30 main basins with the upper part of Iraq in terms linear, areal and relief morphometric parameters. The majority of the delineated watersheds were characterized by having high slope lengths indicating lower drainage density and higher erosion rate. Linear and non-linear least squares techniques were applied to predict the slope length from other basin characteristics. Different indicators were used to test the performance of the proposed models and the approach was validated using K-fold procedure at independent basins. The results indicated that the 4-parameter regression model outperformed the remaining models of watershed slope length. The regressors of this model are bifurcation ratio, perimeter, and basin length and slope gradient.

scholarly journals Utilisation Du Sig Dans L’analyse Morphometrique Et La Prioritisation Des Sous-Bassins Versants De Oued Inaouene (Nord-Est Du Maroc)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Benzougagh Brahim ◽  
Boudad Larbi ◽  
Dridri Abdallah ◽  
Sdkaoui Driss
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Average Length ◽  
River System ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Drainage Texture

The present work focuses on the prioritization of the wadi Inaouène watershed based on morphometric analysis. The river system was extracted and thirteen sub-catchment basins have been delineated from a DTM using open source software. The following morphometric parameters were calculated for each sub-basin stream length (Lu) and the average length (Lsm), flow length ratio (RL), bifurcation ratio (Rb), medium bifurcation ratio (RBM), drainage density (Dd), drainage texture (T), the flow rate (Fs), elongation rate (Re), circularity ratio (Rc), form factor (Ff), topography and terrain ratio. By combining the values of these parameters we have classified the sub-watersheds in three prioritization categories: high grade (SBV01, SBV04, SBV05, SBV06, SBV11 and SBV12), is subject to a maximum soil erosion, which requires immediate action to prevent possible natural hazards, the Average category (SBV02, SBV03, SBV07, SBV08, SBV09 and SBV10) and low grade (SBV13).

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