Geo-informatics based Morphometric Analysis of a Reservoir Catchment in Shivalik Foothills of North-West India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chand Singh ◽  
Rohit Singh ◽  
Abrar Yousuf ◽  
Vishnu Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Runoff Potential ◽  
Drainage Texture

The present study examined 35 morphometric parameters related to stream/drainage network, catchment geometry, and relief aspects for hydrological characterization of the Thana Dam catchment using geospatial tools and techniques. The dam catchment was delineated using the high-resolution Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in ArcGIS 10.4.1 software using the Arc Hydro tools. The catchment is comprised of 4th order stream, obtained using a stream threshold value of 100 m length. The lower values of elongation ratio (0.61), circularity ratio (0.22), and form factor (0.29) indicated higher soil erosion potential, mainly due to their inverse relationship with land erodibility. Moreover, the higher values of stream frequency (15.7), drainage density (>5.0), drainage texture (7.48 km-1), and mean bifurcation ratio (4.08-6.33) indicated higher runoff potential, which would intensify the soil erosion, mainly due to their direct relationship with erodibility. Bifurcation ratio, elongation ratio, circulatory ratio, form factor, altogether indicated an elongated shape of the catchment with a fine drainage texture. The higher values of bifurcation ratio and texture ratio of the catchment also indicated severe overland flow (low infiltration rate) with a limited scope for groundwater recharge in the area, which in turn might significantly encourage the soil erosion. Overall, it was concluded that the catchment has a huge runoff potential resulting in high soil erosion due to its fine texture, impermeable subsurface material, steep slope, low infiltration rate, limited vegetation, longer duration of overland flow, and higher surface runoff. The morphometric analysis was found to be suitable for identifying catchment shape and the factors affecting hydrologic conditions and erodibility of the catchment. Thus, Geo-informatics based morphometric analysis of a reservoir catchment can be useful to study the erosion potential in relation to hydrologic (rainfall-runoff relationship) and other related land characteristics (e.g., relief, slope, infiltration rate, etc.).

scholarly journals Prioritization of Flash Flood-Prone Areas in Small Coastal Basins around the Mediterranean Using Geomorphological Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
V. A. Kotinas
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Coastal Basins ◽  
Drainage Texture

The present study aims to model flash flood risk in small coastal watersheds in areas that are characterized by Mediterranean climate through extensive morphometric analysis which can prove invaluable for the investigation of flood risk, in ungauged watersheds, where flash floods are frequent. The available topographic data (EU-DEM) are analyzed through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to produce all the secondary variables that are necessary for this morphometric analysis. Watershed prioritization techniques that are applied on geomorphological variables have proven to be an effective way of estimating the relative flash flood risk in a sub-watershed level. A series of morphometric parameters are used (bifurcation ratio, drainage frequency, drainage density, drainage texture, length of overland flow, circularity ratio, form factor, elongation ratio) which have an effect on flood risk. In small watersheds, with intermittent runoff, this effect can be different than in larger watersheds, so our methodology differs significantly from the methodology other researchers use. The compound factor is calculated by aggregating the assigned ranks of these morphometric indices and the sub-watersheds are prioritized according to their flash flood risk. The study area is located in the island of Samos, in Eastern Greece, where flood events are usual and pose a risk to villages and infrastructure around the island. The selected watershed (Imvrasos river) is divided into several sub-watersheds (W-1 to W-8) and a series of morphometric indices are calculated and evaluated through statistical procedures and by applying prioritization techniques, in order to locate the sub-basins that have the highest risk to flash floods. Sub-watersheds W-2 and W-3 (on the southern part of Imvrasos area) show the highest prioritization values, and should be prioritized for better watershed management planning.

Computation of Watershed Parameters of Kansa Watershed in Satara Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bowlekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Order Stream

In present study Kansa watershed in Satara district of Maharashtra was characterized for watershed parameters. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been utilized for the estimation of morphological parameters. Several morphometric parameters have been computed and analyzed viz. linear aspects such as stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio; areal aspects such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, constant of channel maintenance; relief aspects such as relief, relief ratio, relative relief, ruggedness number, length of overland flow. Impacts of morphometric parameters on flash flood characteristics have also been investigated. The presence of the maximum number of the first order segments shows that the basin is subjected to erosion and also that some areas of the basin are characterized by variations in lithology and topography. The form factor is 0.21, and the circulatory ratio is 0.42, which suggests an elongated type of catchment. Elongation ratio is 0.52, which indicates that watershed has high relief and steep slope. The estimated catchment characteristics may be useful to stimulate hydrological responses of the catchment.

Morphometric Analysis of Kolavadi Sub-Watershed in Bhor Tahsil Using GIS Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Manojkumar Devne ◽  
Nitin Mundhe ◽  
Akshada Kamble ◽  
Ganesh Dhawale
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Structural Disturbances

The growing demand and competition for water from domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors reached utmost limit. Drainage basins, catchments, and sub-catchments are the hydrological units ideally suited for planning of conservation of land and water resources. GIS techniques are useful for analysis of morphometric properties of any watershad. Morphometric aspects: linear, relief, and areal aspects of Kolavadi sub-watershed of Upper Nira basin were analyzed using spatial tools and arc-hydro tool in Arc GIS 10.3. The bifurcation ratio (2 to 4.5) indicates structural disturbances and mature topography with higher degree of drainage integration. This watershed shows less elongated shape with low relief, moderate to gentle slope, moderate drainage density and highly prone to soil erosion. Techniques used in study and results are useful for planning and monitoring the sub-watersheds for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Dhatarwadi River Basin Using RS and GIS Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Priti S. Jayswal ◽  
Narendra Kumar Gontia ◽  
Ketan N. Sondarva
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Drainage Texture

Aims: Morphometric study of Dhatarwadi river basin. Place and Duration of Study: This study is a work done for the research work in Ph.D. degree at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Methodology: Morphometric analysis involved determination of linear, aerial and relief aspects of the Dhatarwadi river basin, which was carried out using 30 X 30 m SRTM DEM in ArcGIS 10.5 software using standard formulae. Results: The obtained results revealed that the Dhatarwadi river basin is 6th order drainage basin. The total number of 1327 streams were identified out of which 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th order streams are counted as 1036, 239, 42, 7, 2 and 1 number, respectively. The mean bifurcation ratio value is 4.31 for the study area which indicates that the geological structures are not distorting the drainage pattern. Stream length ratio varies between 0.14 and 2.14 indicates late youth geomorphic stage. The length of overland flow was found as 0.3084 km which also indicates very less structural disturbance, low runoff conditions and having higher overland flow. The stream frequency of the basin is 1.5448 km-2, indicates that this basin is having high permeable geology, low relief and the almost flat topography. The form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio and compactness coefficient are found as 0.3951, 0.7094, 0.3126 and 1.7882, respectively of the study basin is suggests that the Dhatarwadi river basin shape is elongated. The drainage texture is 7.1426 km-1 which shows that the Dhatarwadi river basin has short duration for peak flow. The relief, relief ratio and relative ratio of the basin are found as 0.438 km, 0.009372 and 0.2352, respectively. Conclusion: All these parameters indicate that the Dhatarwadi river basin is of flat terrain with small hillocks/inselbergs having low to medium runoff potential.

scholarly journals Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of the Adula Watershed, in Ahmednagar Maharashtra Using the ESRI- ArcGIS Tool

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Varsha Mandale ◽  
Ravindra Bansod
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Density Factor ◽  
Drainage Texture ◽  
Elevation Model

Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) are two of the most important tools used to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of watersheds, as morphometric analysis of river basins using conventional methods, is very time to consume, laborious and cumbersome. In this study, the morphometric characteristics of the Adula watershed were calculated using ESRI- ArcGIS. The areal extent of the Adula watershed varies between 19°32’40” N to 19°43’2” N latitude and 74°10’15” E to 74°48’18” E longitude. The topographic sheets obtained from the survey of India on a scale of 1:50000 and the SRTM (Spectral Radar Topographic Mission) Digital Elevation Model of 30 m resolution, were used for watershed delineation and deriving the linear (stream order, stream number, bifurcation ratio), aerial (basin area, basin perimeter, drainage density, form factor, stream frequency, and circulatory ratio), relief (height of  outlet of watershed, basin relief, maximum height of watershed, total basin relief, absolute relief, relief ratio, ruggedness number) aspects. bifurcation ratio for varies from 3.0 to 8.33, indicating the elongated shape of the watershed. Drainage density factor values were 4.43 km/km2 indicating high drainage densities and 0.132 indicating an elongated basin with lower peaks respectively. Ruggedness number was 3.78 showing a dendritic and radial pattern with drainage texture. Therefore this morphometric analysis using geo-processing techniques employed in this study will assist in planning and decision making in the watershed development and management.

scholarly journals Kajian Karakteristik Morfometri Daerah Aliran Sungai Klawoguk Kota Sorong Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Anif Farida ◽  
Irnawati Irnawati
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Bifurcation Ratio

DAS Klawoguk yang masuk dalam wilayah Kota Sorong mempunyai permasalahan yang selalu berulang yaitu banjir. Hampir setiap ada hujan yang jatuh dengan intensitas yang cukup tinggi akan mengakibatkan banjir di beberapa lokasi yang dekat dengan sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik morfometri DAS Klawoguk dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Parameter morfometri yang dihitung adalah luas DAS, panjang sungai utama, kemiringan sungai utama, bifurcation ratio, form factor, circularity ratio, drainage density, texture ratio dan length of overland flow. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan bantuan software MapInfo Professional 11.5 sedangkan analisis dekripstif kualitatif  dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji hasil perhitungan morfometri DAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas DAS Klawoguk 31,26 km2 dengan panjang sungai utama 20,61 km dan kemiringan sungai utama 0,01 (1 %). Nilai Rb (bifurcation ratio) sebesar 13,68, form factor sebesar 0,020 yang berarti bentuk DAS tidak bulat dan circularity ratio (Rc) 0,25 termasuk dalam kategori bentuk DAS memanjang. Kerapatan drainase 3,52 km/km2 masuk dalam kelas sedang, nilai texture ratio 3,87 dan nilai length of overland flow sebesar 1,76. Berdasarkan parameter morfometri tersebut DAS Klawoguk mempunyai kenaikan debit banjir yang cepat dengan air tidak tergenang terlalu lama, volume runoff yang dihasilkan juga cukup besar, kemampuan infiltrasi yang rendah dan durasi waktu yang diperlukan oleh aliran untuk mencapai outlet tidak terlalu cepat.

scholarly journals Analysis of GIS Based Morphometric Parameters and Hydrological Changes in Indrawati River Sub-Basin of Godawari Basin, Chhattisgarh, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Adikant Pradhan ◽  
T. Chandrakar ◽  
A. Kerketta ◽  
S. K. Nag ◽  
S. C. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Basin Surface

Basin is main carrying surface of rainwater collected from basin area and moves to main drain as river system. The basin surface characteristic governs the movement, storage and drainage in basin due to rainwater. Morphometric analysis is a quantitative description of a basin with important aspect of the basin character. Godawari basin divided into five sub-basins. Indrawati is main tributary river of Godawari originated from Mardiguda, Dandakarnya range of Kalahandi district, Odisha. The basin includes BastarCraton covering a large area (>2105 km2) in Central India, bounded by two Mesoproterozoic mobile belts, the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB) to the east, Satpura Mobile Belt to the northwest, and two major Palaeozoic tectonic features the Godavari Graben to the southwest and the Mahanadi Graben in the northeast. The basin has been extracted using Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTERGDEM)30 m (USGS, 2012) images by giving pour points and it has been projected on WGS 1984 UTM zone 45 for the morphometric analysis was used. Morphometric analysis expresses various aspects of basin characters which are 8 stream order (u), 85636 stream number, 42259.27 Stream length (Lu) (km), 0.493 Mean Stream length (Lsm), 3.144 Bifurcation ratio (Rb), 0.002 Length of overland flow (Lg), 0.110 drainage density (Dd), 3.088 Stream frequency (Fs), 1.220 Form factor (Ff), 2.634 Circulatory ratio (Rc), 0.0040 Elongation ratio (Re), 6.348 Leminscate method (k) and 1.758Reliefratio of Indrawati basin.

Recent developments regarding the influence of soil surface characteristics on overland flow and erosion

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Hairsine ◽  
CJ Moran ◽  
CW Rose
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Realistic Description ◽  
Semi Empirical

Recent developments in modelling overland flow and soil erosion, which permit the consilidation of soil surface characteristics, are reviewed. The models of overland flow are found to be sensitive to soil surface micro-topography and surface pore structure. The former affects depressional storage and hydraulic routing and the latter soil hydraulic properties, notably infiltration rate. The models of soil erosion by water are found to be sensitive to surface roughness, strength and the aggregate size distribution, and the deposition characteristics, of the eroded sediment. Methods for describing the roughness of a soil surface are described and the links to the above processes discussed. The implications of new techniques of roughness measurement for this area of research are briefly examined. It is concluded that the new models of erosion and overland flow provide a more realistic description of the influence of soil surface characteristics than previous semi-empirical models. The review identified the case of large form roughness and shallow flow as a poorly described regime. It was also concluded that the relationship between structural degradation and surface roughness warranted investigation.

Use of ASTER DEM data for Morphometric Analysis of Megech Dirma-Watersheds, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia: Implications for Soil and Water Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Worku Habtu ◽  
Jayappa K. S
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil And Water

Quantitative morphometric analysis was carried out for Megech-Dirma, sub-basin of the Blue Nile, by estimating (1) linear, (2) aerial, and (3) relief aspects. An endeavor has been made to measure the Megech-Dirma watershed’s morphometric characteristics to implement conservation methods for soil and water properly. ASTER DEM has been used as input data for extracting morphometric parameters. Strahler’s classification scheme was used to classify the extracted drainage network in ArcGIS extension ArcMap 10.4. The watershed covers a total surface area of 1309.56 km2. The shape of the watersheds as calculated from elongation, circularity, and form factors reveals the elongated shape and the watersheds parade dendritic pattern. The sub-watersheds include third-order for Megech and sixth-order streams. Lower stream orders, in particular first-order streams, dominate the sub-watersheds. The length of overland flow has a higher value (1.06) for Megech indicates low relief, whereas the values of length of overland flow, which are relatively low (0.20) for Dirma, indicate high relief. The drainage density of the study watershed was morphometrically analyzed and obtained 0.47 km/km2 for the Megech sub-basin, which indicates the basin is highly permeable and result in better underground water storage capacity and 2.46 for the Dirma sub-basin indicating very coarse and coarse channel, respectively. The ruggedness number for Megech and Dirma sub-basins was 0.56 and 0.07, respectively, indicating moderate and long, rugged topography, which could be susceptible to flash flood and soil erosion. The dissection index values for Megech 0.40 and 0.36 for Dirma show river sub-basins are moderately dissected. The ruggedness number is 0.56 for Megech implies moderate soil erosion probability, whereas the high infiltration number (14.29) for Dirma river shows the high runoff potential in the sub-basin. The findings of this study include drainage morphometry data that can be used to better understand watershed characteristics and serve as a framework for better planning, management, and decision-making to ensure the long-term use of watershed resources of water and soil.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Potential Depending on Morphologic Analysis in East of Wasit, Southeastern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2D) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Shamkhi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Recharge Potential ◽  
The Third ◽  
Drainage Texture ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Semi Arid

Modern technologies are used for watershed management to cope with drought risks in arid and semi-arid regions. The study aimed to conduct a morphometric analysis and know potential groundwater recharge areas in the eastern region of Wasit Province. Remote sensing and GIS data were used for morphometric analysis. The morphometric analysis results adopted the Digital Elevation Model. The results of the analysis were verified by matching the results with what exists in reality. The area of the first basin was 1482.017, as it is the largest basin from the area, with a percent of 51.228% of the total area of all basins. The percentage of first-degree flows reached 83.37% in the first basin, 74.14% percent in the second basin, 75.51% in the third basin, and 75.75% in the fourth basin from all streams in each basin. The bifurcation rate (3.135-4.233), Stream frequency range values (0.543-0.332), drainage texture coarse, low drainage density that ranged between 0.986-1.14 km/km2 elongation ratio ranging from 0.348-0.624 form factor (0.095-0.316). The basins' circularity (0.105-0.238) relief value (951-112) m infiltration number value (0.369-0.535). All basins have a longitudinal shape and lead to the formation of floods and rapid currents, which exposes the region to rapid seasonal floods and the creation of flash floods that cause soil erosion and analyses the drainage intensity results. It was low, and this is an indication that the ground has high permeability. The flow frequency results indicate that the area is semi-arid and exposed to small amounts of rain and coarse drainage texture by comparing the result parameters from morphometric analysis results for each basin. The potential recharge areas of groundwater in the study area can be known, n as the analysis results showed that recharge potential occurs in all basins. The highest groundwater recharge is possible in the third basin and the lowest in the first basin. Morphometric analysis was performed by ARC-GIS(Arc-map10.4).

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