Enhancement of shrimp health and immunity with diets supplemented with combined probiotics: application to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pooljun ◽  
S Daorueang ◽  
W Weerachatyanukul ◽  
S Direkbusarakom ◽  
P Jariyapong
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Immunological Evaluation ◽  
Juvenile Shrimp

The application of probiotics for disease control in aquaculture is now a convincing approach towards replacement of antibiotics, which can cause adverse effects in aquatic animals and humans. In this study, we combined 2 probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with shrimp feed to create 2 formulas (WU8 and WU9), which were fed for 10 d to juvenile shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The shrimps were then subjected to a challenge infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND). The protective effects of probiotics against bacterial infection were investigated through histopathology of the hepatopancrease and immunological evaluation of shrimp. Both WU8 and WU9 probiotic mixtures (1:1, at 108 and 109 CFU kg diet-1) increased blasenzellen hepatopancreatic epithelial cells and reduced pathology caused by AHPND. After 10 d of feeding, hemocyte parameters, including the total hemocyte count, percent of granular hemocytes, and phenoloxidase activity, increased significantly and were still increasing at 24 h post infection. Crustin and penaeidin 3 genes were also highly upregulated in hemocytes before and after 24 h of bacterial challenge and significantly upregulated in the hepatopancreas 1 to 5 d post-infection. A significantly higher survival rate was observed in shrimp fed with the probiotic supplemented diet (>90%) in comparison to the control group (60%). In conclusion, probiotic mixtures of L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae reduced hepatopancreas pathology and protected shrimp from a challenge with AHPND.

scholarly journals Passive Immunization with Recombinant Antibody VLRB-PirAvp/PirBvp—Enriched Feeds against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Jassy Mary S. Lazarte ◽  
Young Rim Kim ◽  
Jung Seok Lee ◽  
Jin Hong Chun ◽  
Si Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Recombinant Antibody ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Shrimp Farms

The causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is the bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which secretes toxins into the gastrointestinal tract of its host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxins A and B (PirAvp/PirBvp) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease, and are, therefore, the focus of studies developing treatments for AHPND. We previously produced recombinant antibodies based on the hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) capable of neutralizing some viruses, suggesting that this type of antibody may have a potential application for treatment of AHPND. Here, recombinant PirAvp/PirBvp, produced using a bacterial expression system, were used as antigens to screen a hagfish VLRB cDNA library to obtain PirAvp/PirBvp-specific antibodies. A cell line secreting these antibodies was established by screening and cloning the DNA extracted from hagfish B cells. Supernatants collected from cells secreting the PirAvp/PirBvp antibodies were collected and concentrated, and used to passively immunize shrimp to neutralize the toxins PirAvp or PirBvp associated with AHPND. Briefly, 10 μg of PirAvp and PirBvp antibodies, 7C12 and 9G10, respectively, were mixed with the shrimp feed, and fed to shrimp for three days consecutive days prior to experimentally infecting the shrimp with V. parahaemolyticus (containing toxins A and B), and resulting mortalities recorded for six days. Results showed significantly higher level of survival in shrimp fed with the PirBvp-9G10 antibody (60%) compared to the group fed the PirAvp-7C12 antibody (3%) and the control group (0%). This suggests that VLRB antibodies may be a suitable alternative to immunoglobulin-based antibodies, as passive immunization treatments for effective management of AHPND outbreaks within shrimp farms.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Vascular Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Xu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Zhongsen Qu ◽  
Jiajun Yang ◽  
Xinping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Recent studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has a therapeutic effect on vascular dementia (VD); however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This article aims to reveal the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HBO on VD. A total of 158 patients with VD were prospectively included in the study and were randomly divided into control group and HBO group. The control group was given conventional treatment and the HBO group was treated with HBO in addition to conventional treatment. The following HBO protocol was practiced: 5 days per week, 60 min each, 100% oxygen at 2 standard atmospheric pressures for 12 weeks. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and serum Humanin levels were detected before and after treatments in both groups. The baseline characteristics were not different dramatically between groups ( p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in MMSE scores and serum Humanin levels between the two groups before treatment ( p > 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the MMSE scores and serum Humanin levels in the HBO group were significantly increased ( p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum Humanin levels were positively correlated with MMSE scores ( r = 0.409, p < 0.05) and this correlation was independent of baseline characteristics (β = 0.312, p < 0.05). HBO therapy can improve cognitive function in patients with VD, and its mechanism may be related to elevated serum Humanin levels.

Investigating the preventive effect of vitamins C and E on preeclampsia in nulliparous pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Nahid Lorzadeh ◽  
Yasaman Kazemirad ◽  
Nastran Kazemirad
Keyword(s):  
Cell Injury ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectivesPreeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy and is the leading cause of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recent reports suggest that free radical-induced endothelial cell injury might be an etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of vitamins C and E for the prevention of preeclampsia.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted in the year 2018 in the clinical centers of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. One hundred and sixty nulliparous women aged 18–38 years without any risk factors for preeclampsia were divided into two groups. The first group received a 400-IU/day dose of vitamin E orally and a 1000-mg/day dose of vitamin C with iron tablets during 20–24 weeks of pregnancy, while the control group received only iron tablets. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables.ResultsThe incidence of preeclampsia in the control group was 17.5% and in the intervention group was 5%, which was significantly different. The mean systolic pressures before and after intervention were 99.43 ± 7.8 and 12.44 ± 19.1, respectively, in the control group, and 99.3 ± 8.3 and 106.12 ± 13.25, respectively, in the intervention group (P < 0.001). The mean diastolic pressures before and after intervention in the control group were 62.7 ± 13.6 and 62.7 ± 4.7 (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study show that vitamins C and E have protective effects against preeclampsia by alleviating the overall blood pressure.

scholarly journals THE COMBINATION OF EXERCISE AND ASCORBIC ACID DECREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND TEND TO AMELIORATE PANCREATIC ISLETS AREA ON HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
LILIK HERAWATI ◽  
LINA LUKITASARI ◽  
RIMBUN RIMBUN ◽  
BAMBANG PURWANTO ◽  
GADIS MEINAR SARI
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Decrease Blood Glucose

Objective: This study is conducted to determine the protective effects of physical exercise and ascorbic acid on increasing blood glucose (BG) levels and islet pancreatic area in high-carbohydrate (HC) diet rats. Methods: A total of 20 rats were divided into four groups: Control group which was a HC and treatment groups which were HC plus exercise (HCEx), HC plus ascorbic acid (HCAs), and HCEx and ascorbic acid (HCExAs). The duration of treatment was 9 weeks. Swimming to exercise held 6 times a week and ascorbic acid dose was 9 mg. Results: It showed that the smallest body weight was HCEx group. BG difference (before and after treatment = BG diff) had a significant difference (p=0.021) among groups, and the lowest level of BG diff was HCEx group. HCAs had the biggest BG diff. However, there was no significantly difference among groups on islet pancreatic area, but HC group had the largest area. Conclusion: This study suggests that a combination of exercise and ascorbic acid on HC diet subject may regulate BG level compared to the exercise or ascorbic acid alone. However, they do not influence pancreatic islet area.

Tolerance to nitroglycerin-induced preconditioning of the endothelium: a human in vivo study

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. H340-H345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Gori ◽  
Saverio Dragoni ◽  
Giuseppe Di Stolfo ◽  
Silvia Sicuro ◽  
Andrew Liuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Before And After

Damage and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium critically influence clinical outcomes after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Brief exposure to organic nitrates can protect the vascular endothelium from I/R injury via a mechanism that is similar to ischemic preconditioning and is independent of hemodynamic changes. The clinical relevance of these protective effects clearly depends on whether they can be sustained over time. Twenty-four healthy (age 25–32) male volunteers were randomized to receive 1) transdermal nitroglycerin (GTN; 0.6 mg/h) administered for 2 h on 1 day only, 2) transdermal GTN for 2 h/day for 7 days, or 3) continuous therapy with transdermal GTN for 7 days. Eight volunteers underwent continuous GTN therapy followed by intra-arterial infusion of the antioxidant vitamin C. Finally, five additional subjects underwent no therapy and served as controls. Endothelial function measurements were performed before and after induction of I/R of the arm. I/R caused a significant blunting of the flow responses to acetylcholine in the control group ( P < 0.01 vs. before I/R). A single 2-h GTN dosage, given 24 h before I/R, prevented I/R-induced endothelial dysfunction [ P = not significant (NS) vs. before I/R], but this protective effect was completely lost after 1 wk of GTN administration 2 h/day ( P < 0.05 vs. before I/R; P = NS vs. control). In subjects who received continuous GTN, endothelial responses were blunted before I/R, and I/R did not cause further endothelial dysfunction. Finally, vitamin C normalized acetylcholine responses and prevented the loss of preconditioning associated with prolonged GTN. In a separate experimental model using isolated human endothelial cells, short-term incubation with GTN caused upregulation of heme oxygenase, an effect that was lost after prolonged GTN administration. Although a single administration of GTN is able to protect the endothelium from I/R-induced endothelial dysfunction, this protection is lost upon prolonged exposure, likely via an oxidative mechanism.

Multicentre Clinical Trial with Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccine in Recurrent Herpes Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mastrolorenzo ◽  
L Tiradritti ◽  
L Salimbeni ◽  
G Zuccati
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oral Acyclovir ◽  
Simplex Infection ◽  
Recurrent Herpes ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Immunological Evaluation ◽  
Active Disease

Summary: The aim of this work was to confirm our preliminary clinical and immunological evaluation of the protective effects of a herpes simplex virus (HSV) vaccine derived from killed virus in the treatment of relapsing facial or genital herpes simplex infection. A total of 142 patients were treated with the HSV vaccine and a control group of 50 were treated with intermittent oral acyclovir (ACV). The vaccine reduced annual active disease days in vaccinees to 11.59 (±15.3) after treatment (65.11±31.64 before treatment) compared to 30.4±17.49 days after treatment of the control group patients (71.86±32.5 before treatment).

scholarly journals Immunological evaluation of the crevicular fluid in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis: a 1-year cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e41101320756
Author(s):  
Juliana Barbosa de Faria ◽  
Taíssa Cássia de Souza Furtado ◽  
Thaís Soares Farnesi de Assunção ◽  
Douglas Reis Abdalla ◽  
Fabiane Minin Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Immunological Evaluation

Objective:  To assess the levels of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis before and one year after implant installation. Material and Methods: Forty-nine samples of GCF and PICF were collected from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients were classified: patients with gingivitis (n=7), patients with periodontitis (n=14), patients with peri-implantitis (n=4) and healthy patients (n=24). The crevicular fluid from the 49 patients was collected before implant installation (n=8) and one year after implant placement (n=8). The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of cytokines in crevicular fluid. Results: Patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis showed higher concentrations of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 when compared with control group. In general, the levels of IL-12 and IL-15 increased when compared to the moments before and after implant installation. There was also an increase in the concentration of IL-18 in the control group volunteers after implant installation. Conclusion: The results and methodology of this study showed that there was no difference in the synthesis of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in healthy individuals or in those with periodontal injuries. However, there was an increase in the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 one year after implant installation, which would be increasing the inflammatory activity in peri-implantitis.

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

Effect of Emotions in a Lexical Decision Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Maire ◽  
Renaud Brochard ◽  
Jean-Luc Kop ◽  
Vivien Dioux ◽  
Daniel Zagar
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study measured the effect of emotional states on lexical decision task performance and investigated which underlying components (physiological, attentional orienting, executive, lexical, and/or strategic) are affected. We did this by assessing participants’ performance on a lexical decision task, which they completed before and after an emotional state induction task. The sequence effect, usually produced when participants repeat a task, was significantly smaller in participants who had received one of the three emotion inductions (happiness, sadness, embarrassment) than in control group participants (neutral induction). Using the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to resolve the data into meaningful parameters that correspond to specific psychological components, we found that emotion induction only modulated the parameter reflecting the physiological and/or attentional orienting components, whereas the executive, lexical, and strategic components were not altered. These results suggest that emotional states have an impact on the low-level mechanisms underlying mental chronometric tasks.

Changes in Platelet Aggregability after Ovariectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1332-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takeshi Motomiya ◽  
Minoru Sonoda ◽  
Noboru Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryChanges in platelets in 48 patients with uterine myoma before and after hysterectomy with and without ovariectomy were examined. Bilateral ovariectomy in 25 cases (ovariec-tomized group) and unilateral or non-ovariectomy in 23 cases (control group) were performed at the hysterectomy. Platelet count and an appearance rate of secondary aggregation decreased at one day after and increased at one week after the operation, similarly in both the ovariectomized and the control group. The appearance rate of secondary aggregation was reflected in an intensity of aggregation at 5 min after the addition of reagent to PRP. At one month after the operation, the appearance rate of secondary aggregation induced by 3 μM ADP showed a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperation value (P <0.05) and the enhancement of 5-min aggregation was still observed in the control group, while ceased in the ovariectomized group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was almost no change in the speed and intensity of primary and secondary aggregation during the observation period. No significant differences in collagen-induced aggregation were noted between the two groups. The results suggest that ovarian hormones, mainly estrogen, facilitate platelet activation which is mediated by the so-called secondary aggregation.

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